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Yasukuni Shrine
is a Shinto shrine located in Chiyoda, Tokyo. It was founded by Emperor Meiji in June 1869 and commemorates those who died in service of Empire of Japan, Japan, from the Boshin War of 1868–1869, to the two Sino-Japanese Wars, First Sino-Japanese War, 1894–1895 and Second Sino-Japanese War, 1937–1945 respectively, and the First Indochina War#Japanese volunteers, First Indochina War of 1946–1954. The shrine's purpose has been expanded over the years to include those who died in the List of wars involving Japan, wars involving Japan spanning from the entire Meiji period, Meiji and Taishō periods, and the earlier part of the Shōwa period. The shrine lists the names, origins, birthdates and places of death of 2,466,532 people. Among those are 1,066 convicted Japanese war crimes, war criminals from the Pacific War, twelve of whom were charged with International Military Tribunal for the Far East#Charges, Class A crimes (the planning, preparation, initiation, or waging of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Controversies Surrounding Yasukuni Shrine
There are a number of controversies relating to Yasukuni Shrine and its war museum Yūshūkan in Tokyo, Japan. The shrine is based on State Shinto, as opposed to traditional Japanese Shinto, and has a close history with statism in Shōwa Japan. Most of the dead served the emperors of Japan during wars from 1867 to 1951, but they also include civilians in service and government officials. It is the belief of Shinto that Yasukuni enshrines the actual souls of the dead, known as kami in Japanese. The kami are honoured through liturgical texts and ritual incantations known as Norito. However, of the 2,466,532 men named in the shrine's ''Book of Souls'', 1,066 are war criminals convicted by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, following World War II. Eleven of those war criminals were convicted of Class A war crimes, one was charged with Class A but found guilty of lesser Class B war crimes; two other men were charged with Class A crimes but died before their trials c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haiden (Shinto)
In Shinto shrine architecture, the is the hall of worship or Oratory (worship), oratory. It is generally placed in front of the shrine's main sanctuary (''honden'') and often built on a larger scale than the latter. The ''haiden'' is often connected to the ''honden'' by a ''Heiden (Shinto), heiden'', or hall of offerings. While the ''honden'' is the place for the enshrined ''kami'' and off-limits to the general public, the ''haiden'' provides a space for ceremonies and for worshiping the ''kami''. In some cases, for example at Nara prefecture, Nara's Ōmiwa Shrine, the ''honden'' can be missing and be replaced by a patch of sacred ground. In that case, the ''haiden'' is the most important building of the complex. References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Wars Involving Japan
This is a list of wars involving Japan recorded in history. List This page lists battles between Japanese central or local forces and foreign forces, as well as battles between Japanese central and local forces. Battles that resulted in de facto regime change are also listed. Many battles between local ''daimyō'' (feudal lords) and clans that did not result in a de facto change of government are not included in the following list. See also * Japan during World War I * Japan during World War II * List of Japanese battles References {{Asia topic, List of wars involving, title=Lists of wars involving Asian countries Wars involving Japan, * Lists of wars by country involved, Japan Military history of Japan, Wars Japan history-related lists, Wars Japanese military-related lists, Wars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Shinto
was Empire of Japan, Imperial Japan's ideological use of the Japanese folk religion and traditions of Shinto. The state exercised control of shrine finances and training regimes for Kannushi, priests to strongly encourage Shinto practices that emphasized the Emperor as a Deity, divine being. The State Shinto ideology emerged at the start of the Meiji era, after government officials defined freedom of religion within the Meiji Constitution. Imperial scholars believed Shinto reflected the historical fact of the Emperor's divine origins rather than a religious belief, and argued that it should enjoy a privileged relationship with the Japanese state. The government argued that Shinto was a non-religious moral tradition and patriotic practice, to give the impression that they supported Freedom of religion, religious freedom. Though early Meiji-era attempts to unite Shinto and the state failed, this non-religious concept of ideological Shinto was incorporated into state bureaucracy. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinreisha
is a small wooden Shinto shrine located directly south of Yasukuni Shrine's honden (main shrine) in Yasukuni Shrine precinct. It was built in 1965 after a proposition by Yasukuni's main priest, Fujimaro Tsukuba and has an annual festival held on July 13. In 1975, a steel fence was erected around the shrine and it was closed off to the public. This came after an incident on Hokkaidō a year earlier where a shrine was set on fire and after the chief priest at Yasukuni had received intelligence that unknown persons were planning to destroy the Chinreisha. It was re-opened for worshipers on October 12, 2006, to spread the spirit of cherishing allies and enemies alike and remembering all the war dead around the world. The shrine consists of two ''za'', or seats for ''kami'' (spirits). One is devoted to all of the Japanese war-dead since 1853 that are not enshrined in Yasukuni Shrine's honden (main shrine). These ''kami'' include Japanese men who died fighting against the Imperial Japa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taiwan Under Japanese Rule
The Geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, together with the Penghu, Penghu Islands, became an annexed territory of the Empire of Japan in 1895, when the Qing dynasty ceded Taiwan Province, Fujian-Taiwan Province in the Treaty of Shimonoseki after the Japanese victory in the First Sino-Japanese War. The consequent Republic of Formosa resistance movement on Taiwan was Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895), defeated by Japan with the Capitulation of Tainan (1895), capitulation of Tainan. Japan ruled Taiwan for 50 years. Its capital was located in Taipei, Taihoku (Taipei), the seat of the Governor-General of Taiwan. Taiwan was Japan's first colony and can be viewed as the first step in implementing their "Nanshin-ron, Southern Expansion Doctrine" of the late 19th century. Japanese intentions were to turn Taiwan into a showpiece "model colony" with much effort made to improve the island's economy, public works, Industrial sector, industry, cultural Japanization (1937 to 1945), and sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korea Under Japanese Rule
From 1910 to 1945, Korea was ruled by the Empire of Japan under the name Chōsen (), the Japanese reading of "Joseon". Japan first took Korea into its sphere of influence during the late 1800s. Both Korea (Joseon) and Japan had been under policies of isolationism, with Joseon being a Tributary system of China, tributary state of Qing China. However, in 1854, Perry Expedition, Japan was forcibly opened by the United States. It then rapidly modernized under the Meiji Restoration, while Joseon continued to resist foreign attempts to open it up. Japan eventually succeeded in opening Joseon with the unequal Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876. Afterwards, Japan embarked on a decades-long process of defeating its local rivals, securing alliances with Western powers, and asserting its influence in Korea. Japan Assassination of Empress Myeongseong, assassinated the defiant Korean queen and intervened in the Donghak Peasant Revolution.Donald Keene, ''Emperor of Japan: Meiji and his World, 1852� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honden
In Shinto shrine architecture, the , also called , or sometimes as in Ise Shrine's case, is the most sacred building at a Shinto shrine, intended purely for the use of the enshrined ''kami'', usually symbolized by a mirror or sometimes by a statue.JAANUS The building is normally in the rear of the shrine and closed to the general public. In front of it usually stands the ''Haiden (Shinto), haiden'', or Oratory (worship), oratory. The ''haiden'' is often connected to the ''honden'' by a ''Heiden (Shinto), heiden'', or hall of offerings. Physically, the ''honden'' is the heart of the shrine complex, connected to the rest of the shrine but usually raised above it, and protected from public access by a fence called ''tamagaki''. It usually is relatively small and with a gabled roof. Its doors are usually kept closed, except at matsuri, religious festivals. Kannushi, Shinto priests themselves enter only to perform rituals. The rite of opening those doors is itself an important part o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Military Tribunal For The Far East
The International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE), also known as the Tokyo Trial and the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal, was a military trial convened on 29 April 1946 to Criminal procedure, try leaders of the Empire of Japan for their crimes against peace, conventional war crimes, and crimes against humanity, leading up to and during the World War II, Second World War. The IMTFE was modeled after the Nuremberg trials, International Military Tribunal (IMT) at Nuremberg, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, which prosecuted the leaders of Nazi Germany for their war crimes, crimes against peace, and crimes against humanity. Following Japan's defeat and occupation by the Allies of World War II, Allies, the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, United States Douglas MacArthur, General Douglas MacArthur, issued a special proclamation establishing the IMTFE. A charter was drafted to establish the court's composition, jurisdiction, and procedures; the crimes were defined based on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacific War
The Pacific War, sometimes called the Asia–Pacific War or the Pacific Theatre, was the Theater (warfare), theatre of World War II fought between the Empire of Japan and the Allies of World War II, Allies in East Asia, East and Southeast Asia, the Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans, and Oceania. It was geographically the largest theatre of the war, including the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II, Pacific Ocean theatre, the South West Pacific theater of World War II, South West Pacific theatre, the Second Sino-Japanese War, and the brief Soviet–Japanese War, and included some of the Largest naval battle in history, largest naval battles in history. War between Japan and the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China had begun in 1937, with hostilities dating back to Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931, but the Pacific War is more widely accepted to have started in 1941, when the United States and United Kingdom entered the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese War Crimes
During its imperial era, Empire of Japan, Japan committed numerous war crimes and crimes against humanity across various Asian-Pacific nations, notably during the Second Sino-Japanese War, Second Sino-Japanese and Pacific Wars. These incidents have been referred to as "the Asian The Holocaust, Holocaust" and "Japan's Holocaust", and also as the "Rape of Asia". The crimes occurred during the early part of the Shōwa era, under Hirohito's reign. The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) and the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) were responsible for a multitude of war crimes leading to millions of deaths. War crimes ranged from sexual slavery and massacres to human experimentation, torture, starvation, and forced labor, all either directly committed or condoned by the Japanese military and government. Evidence of these crimes, including oral testimonies and written records such as diaries and war journals, has been provided by Japanese veterans. The Japanese political and military leadership kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
