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Xinjiang Conflict
The Xinjiang conflict ( zh, c=新疆冲突, p=xīnjiāng chōngtú), also known as the East Turkistan conflict, Uyghur–Chinese conflict or Sino-East Turkistan conflict (as argued by the East Turkistan Government-in-Exile), is an ethnic geopolitical conflict in what is now China's far-northwest autonomous region of Xinjiang, also known as East Turkistan. It is centred around the Uyghurs, a Turkic ethnic group who constitute a plurality (or 'relative majority') of the region's population. Since the incorporation of the region into the People's Republic of China, factors such as the mass state-sponsored migration of Han Chinese from the 1950s to the 1970s, government policies promoting Chinese cultural unity and punishing certain expressions of Uyghur identity, and harsh responses to separatism have contributed to tension between the Uyghurs, and state police and Han Chinese. This has taken the form of both terrorist attacks and wider public unrest such as the Baren To ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrorism In China
Terrorism in the People's Republic of China encompasses the employment of violence or threats thereof to instigate political or ideological shifts within the country. The Chinese government identifies terrorism as one of the " Three Evils," alongside separatism and religious extremism, viewing these as interconnected threats to national security and social stability. These forces are seen by Beijing as interconnected threats to social stability and national security. In particular, terrorism is viewed as a violent manifestation of ethnic separatism, and separatism is understood as a corollary of religious zealotry.Chung Chien-peng"Confronting Terrorism and Other Evils in China: All Quiet on the Western Front? In ''China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly'', Volume 4 Issue 2, pp 75–87. Retrieved 2 January 2010. The government has embarked on strike-hard campaigns to suppress these tendencies, particularly in the Muslim majority Xinjiang and the Buddhist Tibetan provinces. Foll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkistan Islamic Party
The Turkistan Islamic Party (TIP) is an Uyghur Islamic extremist organization founded in Pakistan by Hasan Mahsum. Its stated goals are to establish an Islamic state in Xinjiang and Central Asia. The Chinese government asserts that the TIP is synonymous with the East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM). ETIM has been described by scholars as demanding total independence and supporting or being indifferent to more radical methods driven by religious and ethnic motives. Influenced by the success of the Afghan mujahideen against the Soviets in the Soviet–Afghan War, the ETIP (which changed its name to the TIP in 2001) was established in September 1997 by Hasan Mahsum in Pakistan. After the September 11 attacks, the People’s Republic of China strove to include its repression of Uyghur opposition within the international dynamic of the struggle against Islamic terrorist networks. The TIP’s slogans contained anti-Communist rhetoric and calls for uniting Turks, indicating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chen Quanguo
Chen Quanguo ( zh, c=, p=Chén Quánguó; born November 1955) is a Chinese retired politician who was the Party Secretary of Tibet from 2011 to 2016 and the Party Secretary of Xinjiang from 2016 to 2021, making him the only person to serve as the Party Secretary for both autonomous regions. Between 2017 and 2022, he was a member of the 19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party and was also Political Commissar of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps concurrently with his position as Xinjiang Party Secretary. Originally from Henan, Chen was among the first batch of students to graduate university after the resumption of ''Gaokao'' examinations in 1978. Chen worked up the ranks in the party bureaucracy in his home province from a minor local official to the deputy provincial party chief. In 2009, he became Governor of Hebei. In 2011 he became the Party Secretary, the top official, of the Tibet Autonomous Region, developing the region economically and instituting gre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary
A Party Committee Secretary () is the leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organization in a province, city, village, or other administrative unit. In most cases, it is the ''de facto'' highest political office of its area of jurisdiction. The term can also be used for the leadership position of CCP organizations in state-owned enterprises, private companies, foreign-owned companies, universities, research institutes, hospitals, as well as other institutions of the state. Post-Cultural Revolution, the CCP is responsible for the ''formulation'' of policies and the government is responsible for its day-to-day ''execution''. At every level of jurisdiction, a government leader serves alongside the party secretary. For example, in the case of a province, the provincial Party Secretary is the ''de facto'' highest office, but the government is headed by a government leader called a "Governor" (). The Governor is usually the second-highest-ranking official in the party's Provinci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma Xingrui
Ma Xingrui (; born October 1959) is a Chinese politician and aerospace engineer who is the Party Secretary of Xinjiang and a member of the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party. Ma is recognized as one of China's top scientists. Ma served as Vice President of Harbin Institute of Technology, General Manager of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Director of the China National Space Administration, and chief commander of Chang'e 3, China's first lunar exploration mission. He later served as the Vice Minister of Industry and Information Technology, Head of the Political and Legal Affairs Commission of Guangdong, Party Secretary of Shenzhen, Deputy Party Secretary of Guangdong, and Governor of Guangdong. He became the Party secretary of Xinjiang in December 2021 and a member of the Politburo in October 2022. Education and academic career Ma Xingrui was born on 6 October 1959 in Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang province, to a family of mine workers in China's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chairman Of The Central Military Commission (China)
The chairman of the Central Military Commission is the head of the Central Military Commission (China), Central Military Commission (CMC) and the Supreme Military Command of the People's Republic of China, commander-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the People's Armed Police (PAP) and the Militia (China), Militia. The officeholder is additionally vested with the command authority over China's China and weapons of mass destruction, nuclear arsenals. There are technically two offices with the same name, including the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) CMC and chairman of the People's Republic of China (PRC) CMC. However, under the arrangement of "one institution with two names", they function as one office. The officeholder is usually the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, CCP general secretary; this grants significant political power as the only member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, Politburo Standi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Secretary Of The Chinese Communist Party
The general secretary of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party ( zh, s=中国共产党中央委员会总书记, p=Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Wěiyuánhuì Zǒngshūjì) is the leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Since 1989, the CCP general secretary has been the paramount leader of the PRC. The position of the general secretary of the Central Committee was established at the 4th Party National Congress in 1925, when Chen Duxiu, one of the founders of the CCP, was elected as the first General Secretary. After the 7th National Congress, the position was replaced by the Chairman of the Central Committee, which was held by Mao Zedong until his death. The post was re-established at the 12th National Congress in 1982 and replaced the Party Chairman as the highest leadership position of the CCP; Hu Yaobang was the first General Secretary. Since the 1990s, the holder of the pos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xi Jinping
Xi Jinping, pronounced (born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who has been the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China), chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), and thus the paramount leader of China, since 2012. Since 2013, Xi has also served as the seventh president of China. As a member of the fifth Generations of Chinese leadership, generation of Chinese leadership, Xi is the first CCP general secretary born after the Proclamation of the People's Republic of China, establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The son of Chinese communist veteran Xi Zhongxun, Xi was exiled to rural Yanchuan County, Shaanxi Province, as a teenager following his father's purge during the Cultural Revolution. He lived in a yaodong in the village of Liangjiahe, where he joined the CCP after several failed attempts and worked as the local Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary, party secretary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second East Turkestan Republic
The East Turkestan Republic (ETR) was a satellite state of the Soviet Union in northern Xinjiang (East Turkestan) that existed from 1944 to 1946. It is often described as the Second East Turkestan Republic to differentiate it from the First East Turkestan Republic (1933–1934), but "second" was never a part of its official name. It emerged from the Ili Rebellion in three districts of Xinjiang Province: Ili, Tarbagatay and Altay. It was initially backed by the Soviet Union, but the Soviets' wartime alliance with the Republic of China's (ROC) led to the cessation of aid. In June 1946, following peace negotiations between the leaders of the ETR and representatives from the Republic of China (ROC), the Coalition Government of Xinjiang Province was established in Dihua (Ürümqi) and the ETR government was reformed as the Ili District Council, although the region retained its political independence. The appointment of a pro-Chinese Uyghur official as head of the Coalition G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Revolutionary Front Of East Turkestan
The United Revolutionary Front of East Turkestan (; URFET) was a Uyghur nationalist group in Xinjiang that participated in the Xinjiang conflict as an armed separatist force. It was led by Yusupbek Mukhlisi, who operated in-exile with other former URFET members in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The group was allegedly supported logistically by the Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ... until 1989. p. 37. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Turkestan People's Revolutionary Party
The East Turkestan People's Revolutionary Party (; ) was a Uyghur communist party and armed separatist group in Xinjiang. It was founded in 1969 or earlierJames Millward, ''Violent Separatism in Xinjiang: A Critical Assessment, Policy Studies'', East-West Center Washington, 2004. during Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution, and was the largest armed separatist group in the Xinjiang conflict before its dissolution in 1989.David D. Wang, ''East Turkestan Movement in Xinjiang'', Journal of Chinese Political Science, Springer Netherlands, June 1998. Purpose The ETPRP's goal was to initiate a second " Revolution of the Three Districts" to establish an independent Marxist–Leninist Uyghur state in the Xinjiang region, with help from the Soviet Union. Support from the Soviets increased during the Sino-Soviet split and subsequent border dispute. History The ETPRP was founded in 1969 or earlier in Xinjiang, China. It was made up of mainly Uyghurs, but also had a small number of Kazak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Free Asia
Radio Free Asia (RFA) is a news service that publishes online news, information, commentary and broadcasts radio programs for its audiences in Asia. The service, which provides editorially independent reporting, has the stated mission of providing accurate and uncensored reporting to countries in Asia that have poor media environments and limited protections for speech and press freedom. RFA operates as a non-profit corporation, headquartered in Washington, D.C., with news bureaus and journalists in Asia, Europe, and Australia. RFA was established by the US International Broadcasting Act of 1994 with the stated aim of "promoting democratic values and human rights", and countering the narratives and monopoly on information distribution of the Chinese Communist Party, as well as providing media reports about the North Korean government. It has historically been funded and supervised by the U.S. Agency for Global Media (formerly Broadcasting Board of Governors), an indep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
