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Xeni Gwet'in
The Xeni Gwet'in, also known as the Stone Chilcotin, are a First Nations people whose traditional territory is located in the southern Chilcotin District of the Canadian province of British Columbia, on the inland flank of the Coast Mountains west of the Fraser River. They are a subgroup of the Tshilhqot'in people and are also known as the Stoney Chilcotin, and reside in the area of Nemaia Valley, an unincorporated settlement and Indian Reserve community far off British Columbia Highway 20, Highway 20 between Chilko Lake, Chilko and Taseko Lakes. The real name of the most famous member of the Xeni Gwet'in is not known - Klatassine or Klatsassan, the name for the leader of the Chilcotin War of 1864, means "we don't know who he was". Their band government is called the Xeni Gwet'in First Nation. References External links"Welcome to Xeni" visitor information website
Tsilhqot'in Athabaskan peoples {{FirstNations-stub ...
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Chilcotin District
The Chilcotin () region of British Columbia is usually known simply as "the Chilcotin", and also in speech commonly as "the Chilcotin Country" or simply Chilcotin. It is a plateau and mountain region in British Columbia on the inland lee of the Coast Mountains on the west side of the Fraser River. Chilcotin is also the name of the river draining that region. In the Chilcotin language, language of the Tsilhqot'in people, their name and the name of the river means "those of the red ochre river" (its tributary the Chilko River means "red ochre river"). The proper name of the Chilcotin Country, or Tsilhqotʼin territory, in their language is Tŝilhqotʼin Nen. The Chilcotin district is often viewed as an extension of the Cariboo region, east of that river, although it has a distinct identity from the Cariboo District. It is, nonetheless, part of the Cariboo Regional District which is a municipal-level body governing some aspects of infrastructure and land-used planning. The vast maj ...
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Canadian Province
Canada has ten provinces and three territories that are sub-national administrative divisions under the jurisdiction of the Constitution of Canada, Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North America—New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada (which upon Confederation was divided into Ontario and Quebec)—united to form a federation, becoming a fully Independence, independent country over the next century. Over its history, Canada's international borders have changed several times as it has added territories and provinces, making it the List of countries and dependencies by area, world's second-largest country by area. The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the ''Constitution Act, 1867'' (formerly called the ''British North America Acts, British North America Act, 1867''), whereas territories are federal territories whose governments a ...
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British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. Situated in the Pacific Northwest between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains, the province has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, forests, lakes, mountains, inland deserts and grassy plains. British Columbia borders the province of Alberta to the east; the territories of Yukon and Northwest Territories to the north; the U.S. states of Washington (state), Washington, Idaho and Montana to the south, and Alaska to the northwest. With an estimated population of over 5.7million as of 2025, it is Canada's Population of Canada by province and territory, third-most populous province. The capital of British Columbia is Victoria, British Columbia, Victoria, while the province's largest city is Vancouver. Vancouver and its suburbs together make up List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada, the third-largest metropolit ...
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Coast Mountains
The Coast Mountains () are a major mountain range in the Pacific Coast Ranges of western North America, extending from southwestern Yukon through the Alaska Panhandle and virtually all of the British Columbia Coast, Coast of British Columbia south to the Fraser River. The mountain range's name derives from its proximity to the sea coast, and it is often referred to as the Coast Range. The range includes volcanic and non-volcanic mountains and the extensive ice fields of the Pacific Ranges, Pacific and Boundary Ranges, and the northern end of the volcano, volcanic system known as the Cascade Volcanoes. The Coast Mountains are part of a larger mountain system called the Pacific Coast Ranges or the Pacific Mountain System, which includes the Cascade Range, the Insular Mountains, the Olympic Mountains, the Oregon Coast Range, the California Coast Ranges, the Saint Elias Mountains and the Chugach Mountains. The Coast Mountains are also part of the American Cordilleraa Spanish term for ...
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Fraser River
The Fraser River () is the longest river within British Columbia, Canada, rising at Fraser Pass near Blackrock Mountain (Canada), Blackrock Mountain in the Rocky Mountains and flowing for , into the Strait of Georgia just south of the City of Vancouver. The river's annual discharge at its mouth is or , and each year it discharges about 20 million tons of sediment into the ocean. Naming The river is named after Simon Fraser (explorer), Simon Fraser, who led an expedition in 1808 on behalf of the North West Company from the site of present-day Prince George, British Columbia, Prince George almost to the mouth of the river. The river's name in the Halqemeylem (Upriver Halkomelem) language is , often seen archaically as Staulo, and has been adopted by the Halkomelem-speaking peoples of the Lower Mainland as their collective name, . The river's name in the Dakelh language is . The Chilcotin language, ''Tsilhqot'in'' name for the river, not dissimilar to the ''Dakelh'' name, is , ...
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Nemaia Valley
Nemaiah Valley, also spelled Nemiah Valley and Nemaia Valley, is an unincorporated locality and First Nations reserve and ranching community between Chilko Lake and the Taseko Lakes in the Chilcotin District of the Central Interior of British Columbia. It is the home of the Xeni Gwet'in band of the Tsilhqot'in people. Associated Indian Reserves are the Garden Indian Reserve No. 2, Tanakut Indian Reserve No. 4, Lohbiee Indian Reserve No. 3, and Lezbye Indian Reserve No.6. The name of Konni Lake, located near the eastern end of Nemaiah Valley, is derived from the Tsilhqot'in language name ''Xeni''. Origin of name Nemiah was the leader f the people who lived at Konni Lake F, or f, is the sixth letter of the Latin alphabet and many modern alphabets influenced by it, including the modern English alphabet and the alphabets of all other modern western European languages. Its name in English is ''ef'' (pronounc ...who first met with white chiefs 10 generations ago. ...
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British Columbia Highway 20
Highway 20, also known as the Chilcotin Highway, and officially dubbed the Alexander Mackenzie (explorer), Alexander MacKenzie Highway, is one of the two main east–west routes in the British Columbia Interior, Central Interior of British Columbia (the other being Highway 16 (the Yellowhead Highway). The Chilcotin Highway runs from Williams Lake, British Columbia, Williams Lake westward through the Chilcotin Country, Chilcotin region to North Bentinck Arm, an inlet from the Pacific Ocean where the town of Bella Coola, British Columbia, Bella Coola is located. As of 2019, all but has been paved, mostly for expediting the removal of timber from the region, which, like most of British Columbia, is afflicted with pine beetle infestations. Logging traffic and ranch-related traffic on the route can be expected. Highway 20 is famous for the portion of the westernmost stretch next to Young Creek Canyon, between Anahim Lake and Bella Coola, known as ''the Hill'' or ''The Precipice''. Fr ...
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Chilko Lake
Chilko or ''chilco'' may refer to: *Chilko River *Tŝilhqox Biny, known as Chilko Lake. *Various plants in Chile and Argentina: :*Some of the ''Baccharis'' genus: ::*'' Baccharis chilco''; ::*'' Baccharis fevillea'', also known as chilca; ::*'' Baccharis latifolia'', also known as chilca, chilca blanca or chilca larga; :*''Fuchsia magellanica ''Fuchsia magellanica'' – commonly known as the hummingbird fuchsia, hardy fuchsia or chilco (from "watery") – is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family (botany), family Onagraceae, native to the lower Southern Cone of ...'', also known as chilca, chilcón, fucsia or jazmín del Papa. :*'' Mitraria coccinea'', also known as botellita or chilca. :*'' Astianthus'', also known as sabino. See also * Nechacco, a paddle steamer re-registered as "Chilco". {{Disambiguation ...
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Taseko Lake
The Taseko Lakes are a pair of lakes, Upper Taseko Lake and Lower Taseko Lake, which are expansions of the upper Taseko River in the southern Chilcotin District of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada. Their name is based on the original in the Chilcotin language, Dasiqox Biny, where "Desiqox" means "Mosquito River" and is cognate to the name of the river as in English; the Chilcotin name refers to both lakes as one lake, which was also originally the case with the English usage until official designation of the separate lakes in 1954. The lakes are separated by the short Taseko Narrows, the name of which in Chilcotin is ''nanats'akash'', and is an important crossing place for deer. The Tchaikazan River flows the area between the upper & lower lake from the southwest, while the Taseko River feeds it from the southeast, while the equally large Lord River joins it from the south, at the head of the lake. History The Taseko Lakes were proposed to be part of a massive ...
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Klatassine
Lhatŝ’aŝʔin (also known as Klatsassan or Klattasine; died 1864), was a chief of the Chilcotin ( Tsilhqot'in) people. He led a small group of warriors in attacks on road-building crews near Bute Inlet, British Columbia, in April and May 1864. The road crews had been starving and underpaying Tsilhqot'in workers, which provoked Lhatŝ’aŝʔin to declare war. On 29 April 1864, Lhatŝ’aŝʔin arrived at a ferry site up the Homathko River. He and his warriors killed ferry-keeper Tim Smith, plundering the food and stores kept there. The next day, Lhatŝ’aŝʔin attacked the unsuspecting and unarmed road workers at the main camp, killing 9. Further up the trail, the band came upon foreman William Brewster and three of his men. All were killed, Brewster's body being mutilated and left while the other three were thrown in the river. The band also killed William Manning, a settler at Puntzi Lake. Proceeding into the interior to escape justice, Lhatŝ’aŝʔin and his followers a ...
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Chilcotin War
The Chilcotin War, the Chilcotin Uprising or the Bute Inlet Massacre was a confrontation in 1864 between members of the Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) people in British Columbia and white road construction workers. Fourteen men employed by Alfred Waddington in the building of a road from Bute Inlet were killed, as well as a number of men with a pack-train near Anahim Lake and a settler at Puntzi Lake. Background In 1862, Alfred Waddington began lobbying the press and his political allies for support to build a wagon road from Bute Inlet to Fort Alexandria, where it would connect to the Cariboo Road and continue on to the goldfields at Barkerville. He received approval for the construction early in 1863. According to Waddington, it would reduce land travel from to and the total days consumed in packing freight from 37 days to 22 compared to the route through Yale and the Fraser Canyon known as the Cariboo Road and favoured by Governor Douglas. The Bute Inlet Wagon Road was t ...
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