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Wright System
The Wright system is a refinement of rules associated with proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV) electoral system. It was developed and written by Anthony van der Craats, a system analyst and life member of the Proportional Representation Society of Australia. It is described in a submission into a parliamentary review of the 2007 Australian federal election. The aim of the system is to provide an alternative to various methods of segmentation and distribution of preferences associated with the exclusion of a candidate from the count. It is named after Jack Wright, former president of the Proportional Representation Society of Australia. Overview The Wright System fulfills the first of the two principles identified by Brian Meek: *''Principle 1''. If a candidate is excluded from the count, all ballots are treated as if that candidate had never stood. *''Principle 2''. If a candidate has achieved the quota, they retain a fixed proportion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Wright System Flow Chart
''The'' () is a grammatical Article (grammar), article in English language, English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the Most common words in English, most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with pronouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proportional Representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divisions (political parties) of the electorate. The essence of such systems is that all votes cast - or almost all votes cast - contribute to the result and are actually used to help elect someone—not just a plurality, or a bare majority—and that the system produces mixed, balanced representation reflecting how votes are cast. "Proportional" electoral systems mean proportional to ''vote share'' and ''not'' proportional to population size. For example, the US House of Representatives has 435 districts which are drawn so roughly equal or "proportional" numbers of people live within each district, yet members of the House are elected in first-past-the-post elections: first-past-the-post is ''not'' proportional by vote share. The m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Single Transferable Vote
Single transferable vote (STV) is a multi-winner electoral system in which voters cast a single vote in the form of a ranked-choice ballot. Voters have the option to rank candidates, and their vote may be transferred according to alternate preferences if their preferred candidate is eliminated, so that their vote is used to elect someone they prefer over others in the running. STV aims to approach proportional representation based on votes cast in the district where it is used, so that each vote is worth about the same as another. Under STV, no one party or voting bloc can take all the seats in a district unless the number of seats in the district is very small or almost all the votes cast are cast for one party's candidates (which is seldom the case). This makes it different from other district voting systems. In majoritarian/plurality systems such as first-past-the-post (FPTP), instant-runoff voting (IRV; also known as the alternative vote), block voting, and ranked-vo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral System
An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections may take place in business, non-profit organisations and informal organisations. These rules govern all aspects of the voting process: when elections occur, who is allowed to vote, who can stand as a candidate, how ballots are marked and cast, how the ballots are counted, how votes translate into the election outcome, limits on campaign spending, and other factors that can affect the result. Political electoral systems are defined by constitutions and electoral laws, are typically conducted by election commissions, and can use multiple types of elections for different offices. Some electoral systems elect a single winner to a unique position, such as prime minister, president or governor, while others elect multiple winners, such as me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proportional Representation Society Of Australia
The Proportional Representation Society of Australia is an electoral reform organisation in Australia. It has branches in South Australia, Victoria-Tasmania, New South Wales, Western Australia and the Australian Capital Territory. Its membership includes people that have successfully promoted electoral reform. The Society regularly reviews and makes submissions on electoral reform within Australia with a focus on multi-member single transferable vote – proportional representation voting systems. It has made submissions to international organizations including the United Nations and the New Zealand Parliament. History The Society's began before the commencement of Australia as a Federation with Catherine Helen Spence as one of its founding members. See details of the growth and success of quota-preferential proportional representation in Australia, particularly at the national level. Catherine Helen Spence's 1861 booklet, ''A Plea for Pure Democracy'', helped the early format ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2007 Australian Federal Election
The 2007 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 24 November 2007. All 150 seats in the Australian House of Representatives, House of Representatives and 40 of the seats in the 76-member Australian Senate, Senate were up for election. The election featured a 39-day campaign, with 13.6 million Australians enrolled to vote. The centre-left Australian Labor Party Opposition (Australia), opposition, led by Kevin Rudd and deputy leader Julia Gillard, defeated the incumbent centre-right Coalition (Australia), Coalition government, led by Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal Party leader and Prime Minister, John Howard, and National Party of Australia, Nationals leader and Deputy Prime Minister, Mark Vaile, by a Landslide victory, landslide. The election marked the end of the 11 year Howard Liberal-National Coalition government that had been in power since the 1996 Australian federal election, 1996 election. This election also marked the start of the six-year Rudd-Gil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Droop Quota
The Droop quota is the quota most commonly used in elections held under the single transferable vote (STV) system. It is also sometimes used in elections held under the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation (list PR). In an STV election the quota is the minimum number of votes a candidate must receive in order to be elected. Any votes a candidate receives above the quota are transferred to another candidate. The Droop quota was devised in 1868 by the English lawyer and mathematician Henry Richmond Droop (1831–1884) as a replacement for the earlier Hare quota. Today the Droop quota is used in almost all STV elections, including the forms of STV used in India, the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, Malta and Australia, among other places, and is also used to allocate seats via the largest remainder model in South Africa. The Droop quota is very similar to the simpler Hagenbach-Bischoff quota, which is also sometimes loosely referred to as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregory Method
The single transferable vote (STV) is a voting system based on proportional representation and Ranked voting systems, ranked voting. Under STV, an elector's vote is initially allocated to his or her most-preferred candidate. After candidates have been either elected (''winners'') by reaching ''quota'' or eliminated (''losers''), ''surplus'' votes are transferred from winners to remaining candidates (''hopefuls'') according to the surplus ballots' ordered preferences. The system minimizes wasted vote, "wasted" votes and allows for approximately proportional representation without the use of party lists. A variety of algorithms (methods) carry out these transfers. Voting When using an STV ballot, the voter ranks the candidates on the ballot. For example: Some, but not all single transferable vote systems require a preference to be expressed for every candidate. Quota The quota (sometimes called the threshold) is the number of votes that ensure the election of a candidate. Some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meek's Method
The single transferable vote (STV) is a voting system based on proportional representation and ranked voting. Under STV, an elector's vote is initially allocated to his or her most-preferred candidate. After candidates have been either elected (''winners'') by reaching ''quota'' or eliminated (''losers''), ''surplus'' votes are transferred from winners to remaining candidates (''hopefuls'') according to the surplus ballots' ordered preferences. The system minimizes "wasted" votes and allows for approximately proportional representation without the use of party lists. A variety of algorithms (methods) carry out these transfers. Voting When using an STV ballot, the voter ranks the candidates on the ballot. For example: Some, but not all single transferable vote systems require a preference to be expressed for every candidate. Quota The quota (sometimes called the threshold) is the number of votes that ensure the election of a candidate. Some may be elected without quota but a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conclusion Of The Count
Conclusion may refer to: Media *Conclusion (music), the ending of a composition * ''Conclusion'' (album), an album by Conflict * ''The Conclusion'' (album), an album by Bombshell Rocks *'' Baahubali 2: The Conclusion'', 2017 Indian film *''"Conclusion"'', a song from Wu Tang Clan's ''Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)'' Law *Conclusion of law, a question which must be answered by applying relevant legal principles *Conclusion of fact, a question which must be answered by reference to facts and evidence Logic *Consequent, the second half of a hypothetical proposition *Logical consequence (or entailment), the relationship between statements that holds true when one logically "follows from" one or more others *Result (or upshot), the final consequence of a sequence of actions or events *Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise, a logical fallacy Other uses * Conclusion (book), the concluding section of a book *Conclusion of Utrecht, a synod of the Christian Reformed Church *Sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calculation Of The Surplus Transfer Value And Value Of The Vote
A calculation is a deliberate mathematical process that transforms one or more inputs into one or more outputs or ''results''. The term is used in a variety of senses, from the very definite arithmetical calculation of using an algorithm, to the vague heuristics of calculating a strategy in a competition, or calculating the chance of a successful relationship between two people. For example, multiplying 7 by 6 is a simple algorithmic calculation. Extracting the square root or the cube root of a number using mathematical models is a more complex algorithmic calculation. Statistical estimations of the likely election results from opinion polls also involve algorithmic calculations, but produces ranges of possibilities rather than exact answers. To ''calculate'' means to determine mathematically in the case of a number or amount, or in the case of an abstract problem to deduce the answer usin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distribution Of Candidate’s Surplus Votes
Distribution may refer to: Mathematics *Distribution (mathematics), generalized functions used to formulate solutions of partial differential equations *Probability distribution, the probability of a particular value or value range of a variable **Cumulative distribution function, in which the probability of being no greater than a particular value is a function of that value *Frequency distribution, a list of the values recorded in a sample *Inner distribution, and outer distribution, in coding theory * Distribution (differential geometry), a subset of the tangent bundle of a manifold *Distributed parameter system, systems that have an infinite-dimensional state-space *Distribution of terms, a situation in which all members of a category are accounted for *Distributivity, a property of binary operations that generalises the distributive law from elementary algebra * Distribution (number theory) *Distribution problems, a common type of problems in combinatorics where the goal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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