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Wrangel's Fleet
Wrangel's Fleet was the last remnant of the Black Sea Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy and existed from 1920 until 1924. This squadron was a "White" (anti-communist and anti-revolutionary) unit during the Russian Civil War. It was known also as the Russian Squadron (Русская Эскадра). History In 1919, according to Peter Kenez, "Denikin acquired his naval fleet also with the aid of his foreign friends: he claimed the Russian Black Sea Fleet, which at the end of the war came into the possession of the British and French. Two minesweepers which the French gave in January 1919 became the beginning of the White navy." In 1920 the last remnants of the former Denikin's forces were confined to the Crimean Peninsula and commanded by Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel. In November 1920 the Bolsheviks captured the White position and the White forces evacuated to Turkey. The fleet was re-organised under the command of Rear Admiral Mikhail Alexandrovich Kedrov and was granted asylum b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Army Departure
White is the lightness, lightest color and is achromatic (having no hue). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully diffuse reflection, reflect and scattering, scatter all the visible spectrum, visible wavelengths of light. White on television and computer screens is created by a mixture of red, blue, and green light. The color white can be given with white pigments, especially titanium dioxide. In ancient Egypt and ancient Rome, priestesses wore white as a symbol of purity, and Romans wore white togas as symbols of citizenship. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance a white unicorn symbolized chastity, and a white lamb sacrifice and purity. It was the royal color of the kings of France, and of the monarchist movement that opposed the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War (1917–1922). Greek and Roman temples were faced with white marble, and beginning in the 18th century, with the advent of neoclassical archite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kiev (Ukrainian SSR), Minsk ( Byelorussian SSR), Tashkent (Uzbek SSR), Alma-Ata (Kazakh SSR), and Novosibirsk (Russian SFSR). It was the largest country in the world, covering over and spanning eleven time zones. The country's roots lay in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France–Soviet Union Relations
Foreign relations between France and the Soviet Union officially began on 28 October, 1924. History 1917-1941 The Bolsheviks opted for peace with Germany in 1917 and refused to honour Russia's existing loans. In December 1917 France broke relations and supported the anti-Bolshevik cause. It supported the White Guard in the Russian Civil War and Poland in the war of 1920. It also recognised Pyotr Wrangel, the military dictator of South Russia and the leader of the White Caucasus Army, as the legitimate head of state of Russia. France also wanted to directly intervene in the Soviet-Polish War, but its key ally the United Kingdom was unwilling. The operations failed, and France switched from a diplomacy of opposition to one of containment of communism, with sharply reduced contacts. French communists continued visiting Moscow and promoting communism in France, but there was no official presence. By 1924, Comintern efforts to overthrow capitalism in a world revolution had failed, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wrangel's Fleet
Wrangel's Fleet was the last remnant of the Black Sea Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy and existed from 1920 until 1924. This squadron was a "White" (anti-communist and anti-revolutionary) unit during the Russian Civil War. It was known also as the Russian Squadron (Русская Эскадра). History In 1919, according to Peter Kenez, "Denikin acquired his naval fleet also with the aid of his foreign friends: he claimed the Russian Black Sea Fleet, which at the end of the war came into the possession of the British and French. Two minesweepers which the French gave in January 1919 became the beginning of the White navy." In 1920 the last remnants of the former Denikin's forces were confined to the Crimean Peninsula and commanded by Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel. In November 1920 the Bolsheviks captured the White position and the White forces evacuated to Turkey. The fleet was re-organised under the command of Rear Admiral Mikhail Alexandrovich Kedrov and was granted asylum b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Submarine AG-22
The Russian submarine ''AG-22'' was an AG-class submarine, designed by the American Holland Torpedo Boat Company/Electric Boat Company, built for the Imperial Russian Navy during World War I. The submarine was fabricated in Canada, shipped to Russia and reassembled for service with the Black Sea Fleet. Her reassembly was completed in 1919 by the White Movement during the Russian Civil War, and she joined Wrangel's fleet as it evacuated the Crimea in 1920 and was interned in Bizerte, Tunisia in 1921. ''AG-22'' was abandoned there and subsequently scrapped. Description ''AG-22'' was a single-hulled submarine, with a pressure hull divided into five watertight compartments. The submarine had a length of overall, a beam of and a draft of . She displaced on the surface and submerged. The AG-class submarines had a diving depth of and a crew of 30 officers and enlisted men. The submarine had two three-bladed propellers, each of which was driven by a diesel engine as well as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Submarine Burevestnik
Russian submarine ''Burevestnik'' ("Petrel") was a Bars class submarine of the Imperial Russian Navy. She was built at Nikolaev on the Black Sea during the First World War but was not completed before the end of hostilities. She served with the White Russian forces for two years before being interned in Bizerte with Wrangel's fleet. She was broken up in 1924. Service history ''Burevestnik'' was laid down at the Nikolaev Naval shipyard in October 1915 and launched there on 15 November 1916, but was not completed for another year (sources vary between October 1917 and January 1918). She was stationed with the Black Sea Fleet at Sevastopol but saw no action due to the cessation of hostilities in December 1917. In May 1918, she was seized by German occupation forces and renamed SM ''US-1'', but was not commissioned by the German Navy. In November 1918, with the German surrender, she was taken over by the Anglo-French intervention force and transferred to the Whites under General W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morzh-class Submarine
The ''Morzh''-class submarines were built for the Black Sea Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy shortly before World War I. Background The class was originally conceived as part of an ambitious programme of naval construction devised by the Naval General Staff in 1909. This envisaged, among other things, the construction of six submarines for the Black Sea Fleet. The procurement was heavily cut back and delayed; in 1910, the Russian State Duma agreed to a portion of the naval plan to reinforce the Black Sea Fleet, including the construction of the six submarines. Three ''Narval''-class submarines were ordered along with three of the new ''Morzh''-class boats. The ''Narval'' class was a design developed by the Holland company for Russia. Design The design of the ''Morzh'' class was based on , a vessel that was considered to be the most successful of the Russian-designed submarines built to date. The design of the new class was carried out at the Baltic Shipyard under Ivan Grig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fidonisy-class Destroyer
The ''Fidonisy'' class, also known as the ''Kerch'' class, were a group of eight destroyers built for the Black Sea Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy during World War I. They participated in World War I, the Russian Civil War, and World War II. Design and description In early 1914, several months before the beginning of World War I, the construction of a third series of eight destroyers based on ''Novik'' for the Black Sea Fleet was proposed by the Naval Ministry in response to a perceived strengthening of the Ottoman Navy. This was approved by Nicholas II on 24 June after the destroyers had received names in honor of the victories of Admiral Fyodor Ushakov on 16 June. The ''Fidonisy''-class ships were ultimately built as an improved version of the with an additional gun. Naval historian Siegfried Breyer considered the class to be the least successful of ''Novik''s successors. The ships had an overall length of , had a beam of , and a draught of at deep load. They normally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derzky-class Destroyer
The ''Derzky'' or ''Bespokoiny''-class destroyers was a class of destroyers built for the Imperial Russian Navy just before World War I. Nine ships were built for the Black Sea Fleet Chernomorskiy flot , image = Great emblem of the Black Sea fleet.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Great emblem of the Black Sea fleet , dates = May 13, .... These ships were a derivative of the , but were slightly smaller. These ships were popular with the Russians and effective particularly in the Black Sea, where the Ottoman Navy had no similar ships. Ships Bibliography * * * * * * * * * External links {{WWII Soviet ships Destroyer classes D Wrangel's fleet Destroyers of the Soviet Navy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Cruiser Almaz
} ''Almaz'' (russian: Алмаз; literally "Diamond") was a 2nd-class cruiser in the Imperial Russian Navy, built by Baltic Shipyard in Saint Petersburg, Russia, as a yacht for Viceroy Yevgeni Alekseyev, Construction ''Almaz'' had her first keel plate laid down at the Baltic Shipyard on 25 September 1902, in the presence of Tsar Nicholai II, Grand Duke Konstantin and King George I of Greece. She was launched on 2 July 1902, and completed in December that year. Service history ''Almaz'' was commissioned into the Baltic Fleet in 1903. At the start of the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), she was assigned to the Baltic Fleet, and was subsequently transferred to the Second Pacific Squadron, which transited the Suez Canal under the command of Admiral Dmitry von Fölkersam. On 28 May 1905, with most of the ships in the Russian fleet destroyed or captured at the Battle of Tsushima, ''Almaz'' was the only major ship to reach Vladivostok after the battle. page 34 She returned to the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bogatyr-class Cruiser
The ''Bogatyr'' class were a group of protected cruisers built for the Imperial Russian Navy. Unusually for the Russian navy, two ships of the class were built for the Baltic Fleet and two ships for the Black Sea Fleet. Description After the completion of the , the Russian Navy issued requirements for three large protected cruisers to three separate companies: was ordered from William Cramp & Sons in Philadelphia, United States, was ordered from Krupp- Germaniawerft in Kiel, Germany, and ''Bogatyr'' from Vulcan Stettin, also in Germany. Although ''Askold'' was the fastest cruiser in the Russian fleet at the time of its commissioning, ''Bogatyr'' was selected for further development into a new class of ships. The ''Bogatyr''-class cruisers normally displaced . The ships had an overall length of , a beam of and a mean draft of about . They were powered by two vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, which developed a total of and gave a maximum speed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Battleship Georgii Pobedonosets
} ''Georgii Pobedonosets'' (russian: Георгий Победоносец Saint George the Victorious) was a battleship built for the Imperial Russian Navy, the fourth and final ship of the . She was, however, only a half-sister to the others as her armor scheme was different and she was built much later than the earlier ships. She participated in the pursuit of the mutinous battleship in June 1905,All dates used in this article are New Style but her crew mutinied themselves. However, loyal crew members regained control of the ship the next day and they ran her aground when ''Potemkin'' threatened to fire on her if she left Odessa harbor. She was relegated to second-line duties in 1908. She fired on during her bombardment of Sevastopol in 1914, but spent most of the war serving as a headquarters ship in Sevastopol. She was captured by both sides during the Russian Civil War, but ended up being towed to Bizerte by the fleeing White Russians where she was eventually scrapped. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
