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Wik Peoples
The Wik peoples are an Indigenous Australian group of people from an extensive zone on western Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland, speaking several different languages. They are from the coastal flood plains bounding the Gulf of Carpentaria lying between Pormpuraaw (Edward River) and Weipa, and inland the forested country drained by the Archer, Kendall and Holroyd rivers. The first ethnographic study of the Wik people was undertaken by the Queensland born anthropologist Ursula McConnel. Her fieldwork focused on groups gathered into the Archer River Mission at what is now known as Aurukun. Location The Wik peoples inhabited the western coastal area of the Cape York Peninsula between the Winduwinda to the north and the Taior to the south, with the Wik-Mungkan on the eastern flank. McConnel's overall mapping was succinctly summarized by Sir James Frazer as follows: heyoccupy a stretch of country along the Gulf of Carpentaria, thirty to fifty miles wide through whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Australian
Indigenous Australians or Australian First Nations are people with familial heritage from, and membership in, the ethnic groups that lived in Australia before British colonisation. They consist of two distinct groups: the Aboriginal peoples of the Australian mainland and Tasmania, and the Torres Strait Islander peoples from the seas between Queensland and Papua New Guinea. The term Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples or the person's specific cultural group, is often preferred, though the terms First Nations of Australia, First Peoples of Australia and First Australians are also increasingly common; 812,728 people self-identified as being of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin in the 2021 Australian Census, representing 3.2% of the total population of Australia. Of these indigenous Australians, 91.4% identified as Aboriginal; 4.2% identified as Torres Strait Islander; while 4.4% identified with both groups. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayapathu
The Ayapathu people, otherwise known as the ''Ayabadhu'' or ''Aiyaboto'', were an Indigenous Australian group, living on the western side of the Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland. Language Ayapathu appears to have been closely related to the coastal language of Yintyingka, though structurally different and they may be considered dialects of the same language. Etymologically, ''aya'' means 'language', while ''patha'' may be cognate with the homophonous Yintyingka word for 'to eat', paralleling the ethnonym Wik-Mungkan (speech (''wik'')+eat (''mungka''). Little is otherwise known of the language. Some word lists were compiled from information given by George Rocky, whose vernacular was Umpila, though his father was an Ayapathu. He was raised from boyhood at the Lockhart River Mission, and then worked on Japanese lugger boats fishing for beche-de-mer and pearls. The Japanese generally treated their aboriginal hired labourers better than white employers did. The last inform ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koowarta V Bjelke-Petersen
''Koowarta v Bjelke-Petersen'',. was a significant court case decided in the High Court of Australia on 11 May 1982. It concerned the constitutional validity of parts of the ''Racial Discrimination Act 1975'', and the discriminatory acts of the Government of Queensland in blocking the purchase of land by Aboriginal people in northern Queensland. Background to the case John Koowarta, the plaintiff, was an Aboriginal Australian man, a member of the Wik nation. The Wik peoples were the Indigenous inhabitants of the Aurukun region of the Cape York Peninsula. In 1974, Koowarta and a number of other stockmen planned to purchase the Archer River cattle station, which covered much of the Wik peoples' traditional homeland, using funds provided by the Aboriginal Land Fund Commission. They approached Remington Rand, an American businessman who owned the station by way of a pastoral lease, who agreed to sell the lease to them. In February 1976, the Commission made a contract to purch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pastoral Lease
A pastoral lease, sometimes called a pastoral run, is an arrangement used in both Australia and New Zealand where government-owned Crown land is leased out to graziers for the purpose of livestock grazing on rangelands. Australia Pastoral leases exist in both Australian commonwealth law and state jurisdictions. They do not give all the rights that attach to freehold land: there are usually conditions which include a time period and the type of activity permitted. According to Austrade, such leases cover about 44% of mainland Australia (), mostly in arid and semi-arid regions and the tropical savannahs. They usually allow people to use the land for grazing traditional livestock, but more recently have been also used for non-traditional livestock (such as kangaroos or camels), tourism and other activities. Management of the leases falls mainly to state and territory governments. Under Commonwealth of Australia law, applicable only in the Northern Territory, they are agreemen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Court Of Australia
The High Court of Australia is Australia's apex court. It exercises original and appellate jurisdiction on matters specified within Australia's Constitution. The High Court was established following passage of the '' Judiciary Act 1903''. It derives its authority from Chapter III of the Australian Constitution, which vests it responsibility for the judicial power of the Commonwealth. Important legal instruments pertaining to the High Court include the ''Judiciary Act 1903'' and the ''High Court of Australia Act 1979''.. Its bench is composed of seven justices, including a Chief Justice, currently Susan Kiefel. Justices of the High Court are appointed by the Governor-General on the advice of the Prime Minister and are appointed permanently until their mandatory retirement at age 70, unless they retire earlier. The court has resided in Canberra since 1980, following the construction of a purpose-built High Court Building, located in the Parliamentary Triangle and over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Native Title
Aboriginal title is a common law doctrine that the land rights of indigenous peoples to customary tenure persist after the assumption of sovereignty under settler colonialism. The requirements of proof for the recognition of aboriginal title, the content of aboriginal title, the methods of extinguishing aboriginal title, and the availability of compensation in the case of extinguishment vary significantly by jurisdiction. Nearly all jurisdictions are in agreement that aboriginal title is inalienable, and that it may be held either individually or collectively. Aboriginal title is also referred to as indigenous title, native title ( in Australia), original Indian title ( in the United States), and customary title (in New Zealand). Aboriginal title jurisprudence is related to indigenous rights, influencing and influenced by non-land issues, such as whether the government owes a fiduciary duty to indigenous peoples. While the judge-made doctrine arises from customary internat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wik Peoples V Queensland
''Wik Peoples v The State of Queensland''. (commonly known as the Wik decision) is a decision of the High Court of Australia delivered on 23 December 1996 on whether statutory leases extinguish native title rights. The court found that the statutory pastoral leases under consideration by the court did not bestow rights of exclusive possession on the leaseholder. As a result, native title rights could co-exist depending on the terms and nature of the particular pastoral lease. Where there was a conflict of rights, the rights under the pastoral lease would extinguish the remaining native title rights. The decision provoked a significant debate in Australian politics. It led to intense discussions on the validity of land holdings in Australia. Some political leaders criticised the court for being out of touch and for introducing uncertainty into Australian life. The Howard Government formulated a “10 point plan” to bring certainty to land ownership in Australia. This plan le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norman Tindale
Norman Barnett Tindale AO (12 October 1900 – 19 November 1993) was an Australian anthropologist, archaeologist, entomologist and ethnologist. Life Tindale was born in Perth, Western Australia in 1900. His family moved to Tokyo and lived there from 1907 to 1915, where his father worked as an accountant at the Salvation Army mission in Japan. Norman attended the American School in Japan, where his closest friend was Gordon Bowles, a Quaker who, like him, later became an anthropologist. The family returned to Perth in August 1917, and soon after moved to Adelaide where Tindale took up a position as a library cadet at the Adelaide Public Library, together with another cadet, the future physicist, Mark Oliphant. In 1919 he began work as an entomologist at the South Australian Museum. From his early years, he had acquired the habit of taking notes on everything he observed, and cross-indexing them before going to sleep, a practice which he continued throughout his life, and whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Detribalization
Detribalization is the process by which persons who belong to a particular Indigenous ethnic identity or community are detached from that identity or community through the deliberate efforts of colonizers and/or the larger effects of colonialism. Detribalization was systematically executed by detaching members from communities outside the colony so that they could be " modernized", Westernized, and, in most circumstances, Christianized, for the prosperity of the colonial state. Historical accounts illustrate several trends in detribalization, with the most prevalent being the role that Western colonial capitalists played in exploiting Indigenous people's labor, resources, and knowledge, the role that Christian missionaries and the colonial Christian mission system played in compelling Christian membership in place of Indigenous cultural and religious practices, instances of which were recorded in North America, South America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania, and the systemic conditi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wikapatja
The Wik Paach or Wikapatja were an indigenous Australian people of the Cape York Peninsula of northern Queensland. Language The Wikapatja spoke Wik Paach, which despite the name, is not one of the Wik languages. Country The Wikapatja were a small tribe whose territory, estimated by Tindale as not exceeding , was limited to the mangroves A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water. The term is also used for tropical coastal vegetation consisting of such species. Mangroves are taxonomically diverse, as a result of convergent evolution in sever ... around the delta of the Archer River. People The tribe was deemed to be extinct by the time of Tindale's writing in 1974. Notes Citations Sources * * * * * {{authority control Aboriginal peoples of Queensland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wik-kalkan
The Wik Elken (Wik-Kalkan), or Wik-Ngatharr, were an indigenous Australian people, one of the Wik tribes of the Cape York Peninsula of the state of Queensland. Language The Wik-Kalkan language belonged to the Wik language group. Country The Wik-Kalkan lay north of the Wikepa, along the coast north oCape Keerweer and, according to Norman Tindale had tribal lands of approximately in extent. People The Wik-Kalkan has been described under the name of ''Wikngatara'' by Ursula McConnel in various papers. This term actually was a language name, rather than an ethnonym An ethnonym () is a name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (whose name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms, or endonyms (whose name is created and us ..., and signified 'my language'. McConnel realized her error shortly before her death, and notified Tindale of the oversight. Alternative names * ''Wik-ngatara,'' (errone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wikepa
The Wikepa are an indigenous Australian people, one of the Wik tribes of the Cape York Peninsula of northern Queensland. Languages Wikepa (Wik-Epa) was one of the Wik languages. According to Peter Sutton, Wikepa or wikiita were used by an older generation of Cape Keerweer people to denote the dialect employed by two clans in the area of the middle Kirke River, and bore the strongest similarities to those spoken by the Wikmean The Wikmean (Wik Me'an) were an indigenous Australian people, one of the Wik tribes of the Cape York Peninsula of northern Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Quee ... clan. Country The Wikepa were a small tribe associated with the land, estimated at by , arounCape Keerweer People The Wikepa were close to extinction by the post-war period, with only a small number known to be dwelling at an Aurukun mission in 1958. Alternative names * ''Wik-Eppa.'' * ''Wik-Iita.'' Not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
