|
Wāḍiḥ Al-Ṣiqlabī
Wāḍiḥ al-Ṣiqlabī (; died November 1011) was a Saqaliba general of the late Umayyad dynasty, Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba. He served as governor of the Central March, Middle March and as the ''ḥājib'', effectively prime minister, of the caliphs Muhammad II of Córdoba, Muḥammad II (1010) and Hishām II (1010–1011). He played a major role in the opening of the final Fitna of al-Andalus, ''fitna'' (civil war) of Córdoba. Wāḍiḥ, a Slav, was the governor of the Middle March with his capital at Medinaceli from at least the 990s. In 997, the leader of the Maghrāwa Berbers, Berber tribe in Africa, Zīrī ibn ʿAṭīya, renounced his allegiance to Córdoba. In response, Almanzor, al-Manṣūr, the ''de facto'' ruler of the Caliphate, dispatched Wāḍiḥ to Africa at the head of a large army in 998 to expand the Umayyad beachhead there, which at the time consisted only of Ceuta. He later sent his son, Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar, ʿAbd al-Malik, to assist Wāḍiḥ. To ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saqaliba
Saqaliba (, singular ) is a term used in medieval Arabic sources to refer to Slavs, and other peoples of Central, Southern, and Eastern Europe. The term originates from the Middle Greek '' slavos/sklavenos'' (Slav), which in Hispano-Arabic came to designate Slavic slaves. The word was often used to refer specifically to Slavic slaves, but it could also refer more broadly to various other ethnicities of Eastern Europe traded by the Arab traders, as well as all European slaves in some Muslim regions like Spain and Portugal including those abducted from raids on Christian kingdoms of Spain and Portugal.Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery saqaliba&f=false The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery: A-K; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulayman Ibn Al-Hakam
Sulayman ibn al-Hakam or Sulayman al-Musta'in bi-llah (; died 1016) was the fifth Caliph of Córdoba, ruling from 1009 to 1010, and from 1013 to 1016 in Al-Andalus. In 1009, after Muhammad II ibn Hisham had led a revolt against caliph Hisham II al-Hakam and imprisoned him, taking advantage of the fact that the kingdom's strongman, Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo, was fighting in León against the Christian king Alfonso V, Sulayman took command of an army of Berbers who had abandoned Muhammad; by an alliance with count Sancho García of Castile, he was able to defeat Muhammad on November 1, 1009, in the battle of Alcolea. While Muhammad took refuge in Toledo, Sulayman entered Córdoba, which he allowed to be sacked by Berbers and Castillans; he freed and recognized caliph Hisham II, only to depose him after a few days. He was thus elected caliph by his Berber troops, assuming the title (laqab) of al-Musta'in bi-llah ("He Who Seeks for God's Help"). Sulayman was however unable to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Córdoba (1010–1013)
The siege of Córdoba may refer to the following battles: * Siege of Córdoba (711) * Siege of Córdoba (1009–1013) * Siege of Córdoba (1146) * Siege of Córdoba (1150) * Siege of Córdoba (1236) During the reconquista, the siege of Córdoba ( Spanish: , Conquest of Córdoba) was a successful investment by the forces of Ferdinand III, king of Castile and León, marking the end of the Islamic rule over the city that had begun in 711. ... See also * Sack of Córdoba {{dab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Marbella (1010)
The Battle of Cabrita Point, also known Battle of Marbella, was a naval battle that took place while a combined Spanish-French force besieged Gibraltar on 10 March 1705 (21 March 1705 in the New Calendar) during the War of Spanish Succession. The battle ended in an allied victory (English, Portuguese and Dutch) which effectively ended the Franco-Spanish siege of Gibraltar. Prelude The allies had conquered Gibraltar on behalf of the Archduke Charles of Habsburg on 1 August 1704. The Spanish besieged the city by land, and in that year, the French had made a first failed attempt to attack from the sea in the Battle of Vélez-Málaga. In January 1705, Philip V of Spain was determined to reconquer the city and had Villadarias replaced by Marshal de Tessé. Tessé realized that Gibraltar would never be retaken as long as the allies could access it from the sea. He therefore ordered Admiral Pointis to block up the place by sea with his squadron of 18 ships of the line. Some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of ʿAqabat Al-Baqar
The Battle of Aqbat al-Bakr (2 June 1010) was a battle of the Fitna of al-Andalus that took place in the area in and around Espiel, Spain. The battle took place between the forces of the Caliphate of Cordoba, whose forces were commanded by Sulayman ibn al-Hakam, and the Muslim rebel forces of the Catalan- Andalusian alliance of 30.000 Muslims with 9000 Catalan, trying to overthrow their Caliph overlords under the command of Muhammad ibn Hisham; Wadih al-Siqlabi, governor of al-Tagr al-Awsat; and several West Frankish counts and bishops, including Ermengol I of Urgell who was killed during the fight , Hugh I of Empúries, and Ramon Borrell of Barcelona. The two armies met at Espiel on 2 June 1010 and the forces of the Caliphate of Cordoba were decisively routed, marking one of the first battles of the war and a significant gain for the rebel Catalan- Andalusian alliance. Although this battle took place in the general time frame of the Spanish Reconquista The ''Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gold Dinar
The gold dinar () is an Islamic medieval gold coin first issued in AH 77 (696–697 CE) by Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. The weight of the dinar is 1 mithqal (). The word ''dinar'' comes from the Latin word denarius, which was a silver coin. The name "dinar" is also used for Sasanid, Kushan, and Kidarite gold coins, though it is not known what the contemporary name was. The first dinars were issued by the Umayyad Caliphate. Under the dynasties that followed the use of the dinar spread from Islamic Spain to Central Asia. Background Although there was a dictum that the Byzantine solidus was not to be used outside of the Byzantine empire, some of these coins became involved in distant trade; those then did not get re-minted by the imperial mints, and quickly became worn. Towards the end of the 7th century CE, Arabic copies of solidi – dinars issued by the caliph Abd al-Malik (685–705 CE), who had access to supplies of gold from the upper Nile – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ermengol I, Count Of Urgell
Ermengol or Armengol I (974–1010), called el de Córdoba, was the count of Urgell from 992 to his death. He was the second son of Borrell II of Barcelona and his first wife, Letgarda. He was the second of the counts of Urgell and famous mainly for his participation in the Reconquista. A man of culture, Ermengol was open to influences from wider Europe and made two voyages to Rome, in 998 and 1001. He was a stimulus to his nobles in making pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela and Le Puy. He also reformed the judiciary of his county to make justice more available to all. Lewis, Archibald R. The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050'. University of Texas Press: Austin, 1965, p. 379. He also began to reassert his authority over the outlying castles of his realm, whose lords were acting independently of his power. Ermengol also maintained an intense war against the Caliphate of Córdoba. In 1003, Urgell was invaded by Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar. Aided by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramon Borrell, Count Of Barcelona
Ramon Borrell (, ; 972–1017) was count of Barcelona, Girona and Ausona from 992. He was the son of Borrell II of Barcelona and Letgarda of Rouergue, and was associated with his father in ruling the counties from 988. Biography Between 1000 and 1002 Ramon had to deal with a number of incursions by Almanzor. However, Almanzor died in 1002, and seeing an opportunity Ramon counter-attacked in 1003 leading an expedition to Lleida. This prompted a new raid on the county of Barcelona by Almanzor's son, Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar. This was defeated by an alliance of Christian forces at the Battle of Torà. Ramon was also present at the Battle of Albesa shortly thereafter. In 1010, with the Cordoban Caliphate crumbling into civil war, Ramon saw another opportunity. He organised a campaign, assisted by the bishop of Vic and Sal·la, bishop of Urgell, against the Caliphate with Ermengol I of Urgell and Bernard I of Besalú, and joined forces with Muhammad II of Córdoba. Their army de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Francia
In medieval historiography, West Francia (Medieval Latin: ) or the Kingdom of the West Franks () constitutes the initial stage of the Kingdom of France and extends from the year 843, from the Treaty of Verdun, to 987, the beginning of the Capetian dynasty. It was created from the division of the Carolingian Empire following the death of Louis the Pious, with its neighbor East Francia eventually evolving into the Kingdom of Germany. West Francia extended further north and south than modern metropolitan France, but it did not extend as far east. It did not include such future French holdings as Lorraine, the County and Kingdom of Burgundy (the duchy was already a part of West Francia), Alsace and Provence in the east and southeast for example. It also did not include the Brittany peninsula in the west. West Frankish kings were elected by the secular and ecclesiastic magnates, and for the half-century between 888 and 936 candidates from the Carolingian and Robertian houses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ṣaqāliba
Saqaliba (, singular ) is a term used in medieval Arabic sources to refer to Slavs, and other peoples of Central Europe, Central, Southern Europe, Southern, and Eastern Europe. The term originates from the Middle Greek ''Sclaveni, slavos/sklavenos'' (Slav), which in Andalusi Arabic, Hispano-Arabic came to designate Slavic slaves. The word was often used to refer specifically to Slavic slaves, but it could also refer more broadly to various other ethnicities of Eastern Europe traded by the Arab traders, as well as all European slaves in some Muslim regions like Spain and Portugal including those abducted from Raid (military), raids on Christian kingdoms of Spain and Portugal.Historical Encyclopedia of World Sla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ribāṭ
A ribāṭ (; hospice, hostel, base or retreat) is an Arabic term, initially designating a small fortification built along a frontier during the first years of the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb to house military volunteers, called ''murabitun'', and shortly after they also appeared along the Byzantine frontier, where they attracted converts from Greater Khorasan, an area that would become known as al-ʻAwāṣim in the ninth century CE. The ''ribat'' fortifications later served to protect commercial routes, as caravanserais, and as centers for isolated Muslim communities as well as serving as places of piety. Islamic meaning Historical meaning The word ''ribat'' in its abstract refers to voluntary defense of Islam, which is why ribats were originally used to house those who fought to defend Islam in jihad. They can also be referred to by other names such as ''khanqah'', most commonly used in Iran, and ''tekke'', most commonly used in Turkey. Classically, ribat referred to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorca, Spain
Lorca () is a municipality and city in the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia in south-eastern Spain, southwest of the city of Murcia. The municipality had a population of 95,515 in 2020, up from the 2001 census total of 77,477. Lorca has the second largest surface area of municipalities in Spain, , after Cáceres, Spain, Cáceres. The city is home to Lorca Castle and to a Collegiate church dedicated to St. Patrick. In the Middle Ages Lorca was a frontier city between Christian and Muslim Spain. Earlier, during the Roman period, it was the ancient Ilura or Heliocroca. The city was seriously damaged by a magnitude 5.1 2011 Lorca earthquake, earthquake on 11 May 2011, killing at least nine people. Due to a shallow hypocenter, the earthquake was much more destructive than usual for earthquakes with similar magnitude. History Prehistory and Antiquity Archaeological excavations in the Lorca area have revealed that it has been inhabited continuously since Neolithic times, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
