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William Wood (ironmaster)
William Wood (1671–1730) was an English hardware manufacturer, ironmaster, and mintmaster, notorious for receiving a contract to strike an issue of Irish coinage from 1722 to 1724. He also struck the 'Rosa Americana' coins of British America during the same period. Wood's coinage was extremely unpopular in Ireland, occasioning controversy as to its constitutionality and economic sense, notably in Jonathan Swift's ''Drapier's Letters''. The coinage was recalled and exported to the colonies of British America. Subsequently, Wood developed a novel but ineffective means of producing iron, which he exploited as part of a fraudulent investment scheme. Family life William Wood was born in Wolverhampton, son of Francis Wood, a silkweaver.See . His family were not supposedly descendants of Huguenots named Dubois who had fled France after the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in 1572. William married Margaret Molineaux in 1690, daughter of Willenhall ironmonger Richard Molineaux. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moneyer
A moneyer is a private individual who is officially permitted to mint money. Usually the rights to coin money are bestowed as a concession by a state or government. Moneyers have a long tradition, dating back at least to ancient Greece. They became most prominent in the Roman Republic, and continued into the Empire. In Rome the position of Triumvir Monetalis, held by three people at a time, was a minor magistracy awarded by the Senate, often the first office held by young politicians, including Marcus Aurelius. Moneyers were not limited to the ancient world. During the Middle Ages, European moneyers created currency on behalf of kings and potentates. For a large part of that era, virtually all coins in circulation were silver pennies, and these often bore the name or other identification of the moneyer.Grierson et al. 2007 In 17th century North America, John Hull acted as a moneyer for the Massachusetts Bay Colony. See also * Roman currency ** List of Roman moneyers during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruabon
Ruabon (; ) is a village and community in Wrexham County Borough Wrexham County Borough () is a Principal areas of Wales, county borough, with city status in the United Kingdom, city status, in the North East Wales, north-east of Wales. It borders the English ceremonial counties of Cheshire and Shropshire to ..., Wales. The name comes from ''Rhiw Fabon'', ''rhiw'' being the Welsh word for "slope" or "hillside" and ''Fabon'' being a mutation from Mabyn, St Mabon, the original church name, of earlier, Celtic origin. An older English language, English spelling, ''Rhuabon'', can sometimes be seen. From the mid-19th century, Ruabon became famous across the UK, for its red bricks and terracotta. This earnt the village the nickname "Terracottapolis". The local discovery of high-quality Etruria marl clay led to the rise of the Dennis Ruabon Tile Factory, whose durable and richly coloured products were used nationwide. The tiles were used in landmark projects such as Cardiff's Pie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Rare Coins Of America, England, Ireland, Scotland, France, Germany, And Spain A Complete List Of And Prices Paid For Rare American Coins, Fractional Currency, Colonial, Continental And Confederate (14746948666)
''The'' is a grammatical article in English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic pronoun ''thee' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coalbrookdale
Coalbrookdale is a town in the Ironbridge Gorge and the Telford and Wrekin borough of Shropshire, England, containing a settlement of great significance in the history of iron ore smelting. It lies within the civil parish called The Gorge, Shropshire, the Gorge. This is where iron ore was first smelted by Abraham Darby I, Abraham Darby using easily mined "coking coal". The coal was drawn from drift mines in the sides of the valley. As it contained far fewer impurities than normal coal, the iron it produced was of a superior quality. Along with many other industrial developments that were going on in other parts of the country, this discovery was a major factor in the growing industrialisation of Britain, which was to become known as the Industrial Revolution. Today, Coalbrookdale is home to the Ironbridge Institute, a partnership between the University of Birmingham and the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust offering postgraduate and professional development courses in Industrial her ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habeas Corpus
''Habeas corpus'' (; from Medieval Latin, ) is a legal procedure invoking the jurisdiction of a court to review the unlawful detention or imprisonment of an individual, and request the individual's custodian (usually a prison official) to bring the prisoner to court, to determine whether their detention is lawful. ''Habeas corpus'' is generally enforced via writ, and accordingly referred to as a writ of ''habeas corpus''. The writ of ''habeas corpus'' is one of what are called the "extraordinary", "common law", or " prerogative writs", which were historically issued by the English courts in the name of the monarch to control inferior courts and public authorities within the kingdom. The writ was a legal mechanism that allowed a court to exercise jurisdiction and guarantee the rights of all the Crown's subjects against arbitrary arrest and detention. At common law the burden was usually on the official to prove that a detention was authorized. ''Habeas corpus'' has cert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joshua Gee
Joshua Gee (1667–1730) was a British merchant, publicist and writer in economics who mainly focused on trade. Gee is best known for his book called ''The Trade and Navigation of Great Britain Consider'd'' which was first published in London, 1729, and had 20 editions worldwide. Early life Joshua Gee was born in 1667 probably in London.Reinert, E. (2017), ''80 Economic Bestsellers''. Working Paper in Technology Governance and Economic Dynamics No 74. Tallinn University of Technology & The Other Canon Foundation His father, John Gee (1635–1704) of Moyvoughley, was a Quaker from Yorkshire. There is no information regarding his education. Merchant In London, by age 27, Gee became a master of the Grocers' Company by purchase (without serving an apprenticeship) and a freeman in London. By 1700 he was already trading with the American colonies. In 1715, Gee and Augustine Washington founded The Principio Company. It was backed by an association of British iron-masters, merch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quaker
Quakers are people who belong to the Religious Society of Friends, a historically Protestant Christian set of denominations. Members refer to each other as Friends after in the Bible, and originally, others referred to them as Quakers because the founder of the movement, George Fox, told a judge to "quake before the authority of God". The Friends are generally united by a belief in each human's ability to be guided by the inward light to "make the witness of God" known to everyone. Quakers have traditionally professed a priesthood of all believers inspired by the First Epistle of Peter. They include those with evangelical, holiness, liberal, and traditional Quaker understandings of Christianity, as well as Nontheist Quakers. To differing extents, the Friends avoid creeds and hierarchical structures. In 2017, there were an estimated 377,557 adult Quakers, 49% of them in Africa followed by 22% in North America. Some 89% of Quakers worldwide belong to ''evangelical'' a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southwark
Southwark ( ) is a district of Central London situated on the south bank of the River Thames, forming the north-western part of the wider modern London Borough of Southwark. The district, which is the oldest part of South London, developed due to its position at the southern end of the early versions of London Bridge, for centuries the only dry crossing on the river. Around 43 AD, engineers of the Roman Empire found the geographic features of the south bank here suitable for the placement and construction of the first bridge. London's historic core, the City of London, lay north of the bridge and for centuries the area of Southwark just south of the bridge was partially governed by the City, while other areas of the district were more loosely governed. The section known as Liberty of the Clink became a place of entertainment. By the 12th century Southwark had been incorporated as an ancient borough, and this historic status is reflected in the alternative name of the area ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stiperstones
The Stiperstones () is a distinctive hill in Shropshire, England. The quartzite rock of the ridge formed some 480 million years ago. During the last Ice Age Stiperstones lay on the eastern margin of the Welsh ice sheet. The hill itself was not glaciated though glaciers occupied surrounding valleys and it was subject to intense freezing and thawing which shattered the quartzite into a mass of jumbled scree surrounding several residual rocky tors. At above sea level it is the second-highest hill in the county, surpassed only by Brown Clee Hill (). Stiperstones' summit ridge is crowned by several jagged outcrops of rock, which may be seen silhouetted against the sky. Geography The Stiperstones is noted for its tors of quartzite. The principal ones are named as follows, from north-east to south-west: * Shepherd's Rock () * Devil's Chair () * Manstone Rock () * Cranberry Rock () * Nipstone Rock () * The Rock () Manstone Rock is the highest of these at , and is topped with a t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Grit
White Grit is a small, scattered village beneath Corndon Hill in Powys, Wales, directly on the border with (and partly in) Shropshire. The nearby village of Priest Weston, despite being in England, actually lies to the west of White Grit. To the east is the A488 road. The nearest town is Bishop's Castle. White Grit lies in the community (Wales), community of Church Stoke (the small parts in Shropshire are in the civil parishes in England, civil parishes of Chirbury with Brompton and Worthen with Shelve). Adjoining is a hamlet (place), hamlet called The Marsh. There is a stone-built Methodist chapel in White Grit, no longer used as a place of worship, and a corrugated-iron chapel, both of which are marked on Ordnance Survey maps. Etymology A former mining village, it took its unusual name from the White Grit (or West Grit) Mine, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhosllannerchrugog
RhosllanerchrugogDavies, Jenkins and Baines (eds) ''The Welsh Academy Encyclopedia of Wales'', 2008, p.752 (; Welsh Language Commissioner, standardised and also spelled as Rhosllannerchrugog, or simply Rhos) is a village and Community (Wales), community in Wrexham County Borough, Wales. It lies within the historic counties of Wales, historic county of Denbighshire (historic), Denbighshire. The entire built-up area including Pen-y-cae, Wrexham, Penycae, Ruabon and Cefn Mawr had a population of 25,362. Etymology The name of the village is derived from that of the old Llanerchrugog estate, once one of the landholdings of Cynwrig ap Rhiwallon, Lord of Maelor, Maelor Gymraeg.''Archaeologia Cambrensis: The Journal of the Cambrian Archaeological Association'', 1895, p.225-6 The name ''Llanerchrugog'' is usually stated to be based on Welsh language, Welsh ''llannerch'' (''clearing''" or "''glade''), and (with lenition, soft mutation), ' (''heathery''), although an etymology based on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foundry
A foundry is a factory that produces metal castings. Metals are cast into shapes by melting them into a liquid, pouring the metal into a mold, and removing the mold material after the metal has solidified as it cools. The most common metals processed are aluminum and cast iron. However, other metals, such as bronze, brass, steel, magnesium, and zinc, are also used to produce castings in foundries. In this process, parts of desired shapes and sizes can be formed. Foundries are one of the largest contributors to the manufacturing recycling movement, melting and recasting millions of tons of scrap metal every year to create new durable goods. Moreover, many foundries use sand in their molding process. These foundries often use, recondition, and reuse sand, which is another form of recycling. Process In metalworking, casting involves pouring liquid metal into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowing it to cool and solidify. The solidified pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
