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William, Margrave Of Baden-Baden
Margrave William of Baden-Baden (30 July 1593 – 22 May 1677) was the ruler of Baden-Baden between 1621 and 1677. Life Born in Baden-Baden, he was the eldest son of Margrave Edward Fortunatus of Baden and Maria of Eicken. He was Geheimrat, Generalfeldmarschall and Imperial ''Kammerrichter'' of Speyer, which gave him his nickname: ''Wilhelm der Kammerrichter''. Wilhelm was also a Knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece. He raised his grandson and successor Ludwig Wilhelm. Wilhelm only received the Regency of Baden after the victory of Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly in the Battle of Wimpfen over Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, whose brother Ernst Friedrich had occupied Baden-Baden in 1594. During the Regency of Wilhelm, Baden suffered from a terrible witch-hunt. Between 1626 and 1631, some 244 people, mostly women, were charged and 231 were condemned and burned in the Baden-Baden witch trials.Martin Burkart: Hexen und Hexenprozesse in Baden. Durmersheim 2009. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Zähringen
The House of Zähringen (german: Zähringer) was a dynasty of Swabian nobility. The family's name derived from Zähringen Castle near Freiburg im Breisgau. The Zähringer in the 12th century used the title of Duke of Zähringen, in compensation for having conceded the title of Duke of Swabia to the Staufer in 1098. The Zähringer were granted the special title of Rector of Burgundy in 1127, and they continued to use both titles until the extinction of the ducal line in 1218. The territories and fiefs held by the Zähringer were known as the 'Duchy of Zähringen' (), but it was not seen as a duchy in equal standing with the old stem duchies. The Zähringer attempted to expand their territories in Swabia and Burgundy into a fully recognized duchy, but their expansion was halted in the 1130s due to their feud with the Welfs. Pursuing their territorial ambitions, the Zähringer founded numerous cities and monasteries on either side of the Black Forest, as well as in the wester ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Witch-hunt
A witch-hunt, or a witch purge, is a search for people who have been labeled witches or a search for evidence of witchcraft. The classical period of witch-hunts in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America took place in the Early Modern period or about 1450 to 1750, spanning the upheavals of the Reformation and the Thirty Years' War, resulting in an estimated 35,000 to 50,000 executions. The last executions of people convicted as witches in Europe took place in the 18th century. In other regions, like Africa and Asia, contemporary witch-hunts have been reported from sub-Saharan Africa and Papua New Guinea, and official legislation against witchcraft is still found in Saudi Arabia and Cameroon today. In current language, "witch-hunt" metaphorically means an investigation that is usually conducted with much publicity, supposedly to uncover subversive activity, disloyalty, and so on, but with the real purpose of intimidating political opponents. It can also involve element ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Lobkowicz
The House of Lobkowicz (''Lobkovicové'' in modern Czech, sg. ''z Lobkovic''; ''Lobkowitz'' in German) is a Czech noble family that dates back to the 14th century and is one of the oldest Bohemian noble families. The family also belong to the German, Austrian and Belgian nobility. The first Lobkowiczs were members of the gentry of north-eastern Bohemia in the late 14th century. The family's Imperial immediacy over Princely county of Störnstein was mediatized by Bavaria in 1807. As such, the House of Lobkowicz belong to the small group of families that constitute the '' Hochadel'' (). Princes of Lobkowicz * Zdenko Adalbert, 1st Prince 1624–1628 (1568–1628) ** Wenzel Eusebius, 2nd Prince 1628–1677 (1609–1677) *** Ferdinand August, 3rd Prince 1677–1715 (1655–1715) **** Philipp Hyazinth, 4th Prince 1715–1737 (1680–1737) ***** Wenzel Ferdinand, 5th Prince 1737–1739 (1723–1739) ***** Ferdinand, 6th Prince 1739–1784 (1724–1784) ****** Joseph Franz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Of Baden-Baden
Margrave (Prince) Hermann of Baden-Baden (12 October 1628 in Baden-Baden; died 30 October 1691 in Regensburg) was a general and diplomat in the imperial service. He was Field Marshal, president of the Hofkriegsrat, and the representative of the Emperor in the Perpetual Diet of Regensburg. Early life He was the fifth son of Margrave William of Baden-Baden and his wife, Catherine Ursula of Hohenzollern-Hechingen. He was destined for an ecclesiastical career and was appointed canon in Cologne and Paderborn. He also held seats in the cathedral chapter (religion)s of Strasbourg, Salzburg and Augsburg. He was raised as a Catholic and attended the ''Collegium St. Hieronymi'' in Dillingen. He tried in vain to join the Order of Saint John. Around 1660, he was considered a possible successor to King John II Casimir Vasa of Poland. For this reason, he gave up his seats in the cathedral chapters in 1661. When he was not elected King of Poland, he turned to a military career. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Christopher Of Baden-Baden
Margrave William Christopher of Baden (12 October 1628 – 25 August 1652) was a margrave of Baden and canon at Cologne. He is a son of Margrave William I William I; ang, WillelmI (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 108 ... of Baden-Baden from his first marriage to Countess Catherine Ursula of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (died: 2 June 1640), the daughter of Count John George of Hohenzollern-Hechingen. Margraves of Baden-Baden 1628 births 1652 deaths 17th-century German people House of Zähringen Sons of monarchs {{Germany-margrave-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knights Hospitaller
The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem ( la, Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller (), was a medieval and early modern Catholic military order. It was headquartered in the Kingdom of Jerusalem until 1291, on the island of Rhodes from 1310 until 1522, in Malta from 1530 until 1798 and at Saint Petersburg from 1799 until 1801. Today several organizations continue the Hospitaller tradition, specifically the mutually recognized orders of St. John, which are the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John, the Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Chivalric Order of Saint John, the Order of Saint John in the Netherlands, and the Order of Saint John in Sweden. The Hospitallers arose in the early 12th century, during the time of the Cluniac movement (a Benedictine Reform movement). Early in the 11th century, merchants from Amalfi founded a hospital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leopold Wilhelm, Margrave Of Baden-Baden
Margrave Leopold Wilhelm of Baden-Baden (german: links=no, Leopold Wilhelm Markgraf von Baden-Baden; 16 September 1626 in Baden-Baden; 1 March 1671 in Warasdin) was Field Marschal of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. Life He was the second son of Wilhelm, Margrave of Baden-Baden and Catharina Ursula von Hohenzollern–Hechingen. He was also the uncle of Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden. The first Reichs-Generalfeldmarschall of the Reichsarmee in 1664, he fought against Sweden in Pomerania and against the Turks in Hungary at the Battle of Saint Gotthard. He was Governor and head of the General staff in Warasdin, Croatia, which was part of the Holy Roman Empire (1198–1806). As his elder brother Ferdinand Maximilian of Baden-Baden, he died before his father and never ruled Baden-Baden. Marriage and children Leopold Wilhelm von Baden married firstly in 1659 with Anna Silvia Caretto, Countess of Millesimo (1607 – February 26, 1664). They had no children. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand Maximilian, Hereditary Prince Of Baden-Baden
Ferdinand Maximilian of Baden-Baden, ''Hereditary Prince of Baden-Baden'' (23 September 1625 – 4 November 1669) was the father of the famous general Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden. Born in Baden-Baden, he was the oldest son of William, Margrave of Baden-Baden and Catharina Ursula of Hohenzollern–Hechingen. Ferdinand Maximilian of Baden was destined to follow in his father's footsteps as Margrave of Baden-Baden, but he died before his father in a hunting accident. Ferdinand Maximilian married in Paris in 1653 Princess Louise of Savoy (1627–1689), aunt of Prince Eugene of Savoy Prince Eugene Francis of Savoy–Carignano, (18 October 1663 – 21 April 1736) better known as Prince Eugene, was a Generalfeldmarschall, field marshal in the army of the Holy Roman Empire and of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty during the 17th a .... The marriage was not successful. Louise Christine of Savoy refused to leave the refined French court and follow her husband to Bade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Hohenzollern-Hechingen was a small principality in southwestern Germany. Its rulers belonged to the Swabian branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty. History The County of Hohenzollern-Hechingen was created in 1576, upon the partition of the County of Hohenzollern, a fief of the Holy Roman Empire. When the last count of Hohenzollern, Charles I of Hohenzollern (1512–1579) died, the territory was to be divided up between his three sons: * Eitel Frederick IV of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1545–1605) * Charles II of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1547–1606) * Christopher of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (1552–1592) Unlike the Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg and Prussia, the Hohenzollerns of southwest Germany remained Roman Catholic. The county was raised to a principality in 1623. The principality joined the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806 and was a member state of the German Confederation between 1815 and 1850. The democratic Revolution of 1848 was relatively successful in Hohenz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John George, Prince Of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Johann Georg of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (born 1577 in Hechingen; died 28 September 1623 in Hechingen) was the first Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen. Life Johann Georg was the only surviving son of Count Eitel Friedrich IV of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1545–1605) from his second marriage with Sibylle (1558–1599), daughter of Count Froben Christoph of Zimmern. Johann Georg was raised by his relatives in Berlin at the court of Brandenburg. Johann Georg was a Catholic and loyal to the Emperor's side. From 1603 to 1605, he was president of the Reichskammergericht and later he was president of the Aulic Council. The latter post proved helpful when during a military confrontation with Georg Dietrich of Westerstetten, Johann Georg's army had inadvertently strayed into Württemberg territory. He represented Austria at the Imperial Diet. Together with Johann Pistorius, the tried, in vain, to persuade margrave Georg Friedrich of Baden-Durlach to revert to Catholicism. In 1609, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peace Of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia (german: Westfälischer Friede, ) is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. They ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire, closing a calamitous period of European history that killed approximately eight million people. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, the kingdoms of France and Sweden, and their respective allies among the princes of the Holy Roman Empire participated in these treaties.Clodfelter, Micheal (2017). ''Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015.'' McFarland. p. 40. . The negotiation process was lengthy and complex. Talks took place in two cities, because each side wanted to meet on territory under its own control. A total of 109 delegations arrived to represent the belligerent states, but not all delegations were present at the same time. Two treaties were sig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
