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Whistled Language Of Aas
The whistled language of Aas (in French: , ; in Occitan: ) is a whistled language used in the Pyrennees village of Aas, located in the Béarn area of southern France. Local pastoral activities and shepherds benefited from long distant communication allowed by whistled and the mountainous topography. Whistled Occitan is based on the local Béarnese dialect of Gascon, itself often regarded as a dialect of Occitan. According to Philippe Biu, it is "a practice known as the whistled language of Aas, but above all it is a technique llowingspeech to be transposed as whistling". History The use of the language was first documented in the 15th century. The local topography, notably including deep valleys, allows for quality sound transmission, with a usable range of over . The inhabitants of the area therefore began using a whistled transposition of the Gascon dialect of the Occitan language as a means of communicating between the pastures and the village, or from one part of a valle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of France
French is the sole official language in France according to the second article of the French Constitution. French, a Gallo-Romance language, is spoken by nearly the entire population of France. In addition to French, several regional languages are also spoken to varying degrees, such as Alsatian, a German dialect (specifically Alemannic; spoken by 1.44% of the national population); Basque, a language isolate; Breton, a Celtic language (spoken by 0.61%); Corsican, an Italo-Dalmatian language; and various other Gallo-Romance languages (Langues d'oïl 1.25%, Occitan 1.33%). Some of these languages are also spoken in neighbouring countries, such as Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Andorra, or Spain. Status The official language of the French Republic is French (art. 2 of the French Constitution) and the French government is, by law, compelled to communicate primarily in French. The government, furthermore, mandates that commercial advertising be available in Fre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
YouTube
YouTube is an American social media and online video sharing platform owned by Google. YouTube was founded on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim who were three former employees of PayPal. Headquartered in San Bruno, California, it is the second-most-visited website in the world, after Google Search. In January 2024, YouTube had more than 2.7billion monthly active users, who collectively watched more than one billion hours of videos every day. , videos were being uploaded to the platform at a rate of more than 500 hours of content per minute, and , there were approximately 14.8billion videos in total. On November 13, 2006, YouTube was purchased by Google for $1.65 billion (equivalent to $ billion in ). Google expanded YouTube's business model of generating revenue from advertisements alone, to offering paid content such as movies and exclusive content produced by and for YouTube. It also offers YouTube Premium, a paid subs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open Access
Open access (OA) is a set of principles and a range of practices through which nominally copyrightable publications are delivered to readers free of access charges or other barriers. With open access strictly defined (according to the 2001 definition), or libre open access, barriers to copying or reuse are also reduced or removed by applying an open license for copyright, which regulates post-publication uses of the work. The main focus of the open access movement has been on "peer reviewed research literature", and more specifically on academic journals. This is because: * such publications have been a subject of serials crisis, unlike newspapers, magazines and fiction writing. The main difference between these two groups is in demand elasticity: whereas an English literature curriculum can substitute '' Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'' with a free-domain alternative, such as '' A Voyage to Lilliput,'' an emergency room physician treating a patient for a lif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laruns
Laruns (; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. It is situated at the confluence of two mountain streams, the Gave d'Ossau and its tributary, the Valentin. Formerly part of the province of Béarn, Laruns is now within the ''département'' of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, itself in France's Nouvelle-Aquitaine ''région''. It forms part of the ''arrondissement'' of Oloron-Sainte-Marie, and of the canton of Oloron-Sainte-Marie-2. Geography Laruns is geographically the third-largest commune in metropolitan France, after Arles and Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. It includes a large area of upland, around and between the Gave d'Ossau and its tributaries, stretching as far as the border with Spain at the Col du Pourtalet, to the south of the village of Laruns. The principal artery of communications through the ''commune'' is the D934 road, which runs south from the town of Pau, to the north, to the Col du Pourtalet. The D918 road branches ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Pau And The Adour Region
The University of Pau and the Adour Region ( French: ''L'Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour'', often known by the initialism ''UPPA'') is a multi-site, public university located in southwestern France. Founded in 1972, it is based in Pau (''département'' of Pyrénées-Atlantiques) but also in Anglet, Bayonne, Tarbes and Mont-de-Marsan in the Adour river basin. Coming administratively under the Academy of Bordeaux, it is the third largest university in southwestern France (after Bordeaux and Toulouse), with almost 14,000 students. Organisation History The university was formally established in 1970. However, it can trace its origins back to 1549 when the ''Collège des Arts'', an institute for the study of the humanities, was established in the royal town of Pau. More recently, the University of Bordeaux opened a branch in Pau in 1946 to teach legal subjects. This branch known as the ''Institut d’études juridiques et économiques'' was directed by Robert Poplawski. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silbo Gomero
Silbo Gomero ( , "Gomeran whistle"), also known as ''el silbo'' ("the whistle"), is a whistled register of Spanish that is used by inhabitants of La Gomera, in the Canary Islands. It was historically used to communicate across the deep ravines and narrow valleys that radiate through the island and enabled messages to be exchanged over a distance of up to five kilometres. Its loudness causes Silbo Gomero to be generally used for public communication. Messages that are conveyed range from event invitations to public information advisories. A speaker of Silbo Gomero is sometimes called a ''silbador'' ("whistler"). Silbo Gomero is a transposition of Spanish from speech to whistling. The oral phoneme-whistled phoneme substitution emulates Spanish phonology through a reduced set of whistled phonemes. In 2009, UNESCO declared it a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. History Little is known of the original Guanche language or the languages of the Canary Isl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (; ) or Canaries are an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean and the southernmost Autonomous communities of Spain, Autonomous Community of Spain. They are located in the northwest of Africa, with the closest point to the continent being 100 kilometres (62 miles) away. The islands have a population of 2.25 million people and are the most populous overseas Special member state territories and the European Union, special territory of the European Union. The seven main islands are from largest to smallest in area, Tenerife, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, La Palma, La Gomera, and El Hierro. The only other populated island is Graciosa, Canary Islands, La Graciosa, which administratively is dependent on Lanzarote. The archipelago includes many smaller islands and islets, including Alegranza, Islote de Lobos, Isla de Lobos, Montaña Clara, Roque del Oeste, and Roque del Este. It includes a number of rocks, including Roque de Garachico, Garachico and Roques de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Gomera
La Gomera () is one of Spain's Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa. With an area of , it is the third-smallest of the archipelago's eight main islands. It belongs to the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. La Gomera is the third least populous of the eight main Canary Islands, with 22,361 inhabitants at the start of 2023. Its capital is San Sebastián de La Gomera, where the ''cabildo insular'' (island council) is located. Political organisation La Gomera is part of the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. It is divided into six List of municipalities in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, municipalities: The island government (''cabildo insular'') is in the capital, San Sebastián. Geography The island is of volcano, volcanic origin and roughly circular; it is about in diameter. List of mountains of La Gomera, It is very mountainous and steeply sloping and rises to at its highest peak, Alto de Garajonay. Its shape is rather like an orange that has been cut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Revitalization
Language revitalization, also referred to as language revival or reversing language shift, is an attempt to halt or reverse the decline of a language or to revive an extinct one. Those involved can include linguists, cultural or community groups, or governments. Some argue for a distinction between language revival (the resurrection of an extinct language with no existing native speakers) and language revitalization (the rescue of a "dying" language). Languages targeted for language revitalization include those whose use and prominence is severely limited. Sometimes various tactics of language revitalization can even be used to try to revive extinct languages. Though the goals of language revitalization vary greatly from case to case, they typically involve attempting to expand the number of speakers and use of a language, or trying to maintain the current level of use to protect the language from extinction or language death. Reasons for revitalization vary: they can incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Heritage
Cultural heritage is the heritage of tangible and intangible heritage assets of a group or society that is inherited from past generations. Not all heritages of past generations are "heritage"; rather, heritage is a product of selection by society. Cultural heritage includes cultural property, tangible culture (such as buildings, monuments, landscapes, archive materials, books, works of art, and artifacts), intangible heritage, intangible culture (such as folklore, traditions, language, and knowledge), and natural heritage (including culturally significant landscapes, and biodiversity).Ann Marie Sullivan, Cultural Heritage & New Media: A Future for the Past, 15 J. MARSHALL REV. INTELL. PROP. L. 604 (2016) https://repository.jmls.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1392&context=ripl The term is often used in connection with issues relating to the protection of Indigenous intellectual property. The deliberate action of keeping cultural heritage from the present for the future is known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rural Flight
Rural flight (also known as rural-to-urban migration, rural depopulation, or rural exodus) is the Human migration, migratory pattern of people from rural areas into urban areas. It is urbanization seen from the rural perspective. In Industrialisation, industrializing economies like Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom, Britain in the eighteenth century or Four Asian Tigers, East Asia in the twentieth century, it can occur following the Factory farming, industrialization of Primary sector of the economy, primary industries such as Industrial agriculture, agriculture, Mining industry, mining, Industrial fisheries, fishing, and Forestry industry, forestry—when fewer people are needed to bring the same amount of output to market—and related Secondary sector of the economy, secondary industries (refining and processing) are consolidated. Rural exodus can also follow an ecological or human-caused catastrophe such as a famine or resource depletion. These are examples of pus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consonants
In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract, except for the h sound, which is pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Examples are and pronounced with the lips; and pronounced with the front of the tongue; and pronounced with the back of the tongue; , pronounced throughout the vocal tract; , , and pronounced by forcing air through a narrow channel (fricatives); and and , which have air flowing through the nose ( nasals). Most consonants are pulmonic, using air pressure from the lungs to generate a sound. Very few natural languages are non-pulmonic, making use of ejectives, implosives, and clicks. Contrasting with consonants are vowels. Since the number of speech sounds in the world's languages is much greater than the number of letters in any one alphabet, linguists have devised systems such as the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to assign a unique and un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
