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Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a diverse group of animal and human illnesses in which fever and hemorrhage are caused by a viral infection. VHFs may be caused by five distinct families of RNA viruses: the families ''Filoviridae'', ''Flaviviridae'', ''Rhabdoviridae'', and several member families of the ''Bunyavirales'' order such as '' Arenaviridae'', and ''Hantaviridae''. All types of VHF are characterized by fever and bleeding disorders and all can progress to high fever, shock and death in many cases. Some of the VHF agents cause relatively mild illnesses, such as the Scandinavian '' nephropathia epidemica'' (a hantavirus), while others, such as Ebola virus, can cause severe, life-threatening disease. Signs and symptoms Signs and symptoms of VHFs include (by definition) fever and bleeding: * Flushing of the face and chest, small red or purple spots (petechiae), bleeding, swelling caused by edema, low blood pressure (hypotension), and circulatory shock. * Malaise, muscle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marburg Virus
Marburg virus (MARV) is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the ''Filoviridae'' family of viruses and a member of the species '' Marburg marburgvirus'', genus ''Marburgvirus''. It causes Marburg virus disease in primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever. The virus is considered to be extremely dangerous. The World Health Organization (WHO) rates it as a Risk Group 4 Pathogen (requiring biosafety level 4-equivalent containment). In the United States, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ranks it as a Category A Priority Pathogen and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists it as a Category A Bioterrorism Agent. It is also listed as a biological agent for export control by the Australia Group. The virus can be transmitted by exposure to one species of fruit bats or it can be transmitted between people via body fluids through unprotected sex and broken skin. The disease can cause haemorrhage, fever, and other symptoms similar to Ebola, which belongs t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mayinga N'Seka
Mayinga N'Seka (1954 – October 19, 1976 in Kinshasa) was a nurse in Zaïre, now Democratic Republic of the Congo. She died from Ebola virus disease during the 1976 Zaire Ebola virus outbreak, 1976 epidemic in Zaïre. She has been incorrectly identified as the index case by several sources, but a World Health Organization commission report on the outbreak lists a man from Yambuku, Mabalo Lokela, as the index case. Lokela, a 44-year-old who had been buying meat in Sudan, died on September 8, 1976, over a month before N'Seka. Biography N'Seka worked as a nurse at Mbalad Hospital in Kinshasa and contracted Ebola after caring for a Roman Catholic nun who had flown in for treatment from the Yambuku Mission Hospital, where the outbreak began. Mayinga died at Ngaleima Hospital on October 19, 1976. There were 318 cases in that outbreak, which had an 88% mortality rate. In his book about the 1976 outbreak, ''Ebola'', William Close writes that N'Seka had treated a nun, Sister Fermina, who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petechiae
A petechia () is a small red or purple spot (≤4 mm in diameter) that can appear on the skin, conjunctiva, retina, and mucous membranes which is caused by haemorrhage of capillaries. The word is derived from Italian , 'freckle,' of obscure origin. It refers to one of the three descriptive types of hematoma differentiated by size, the other two being ecchymosis (>1cm in diameter) and purpura (4-10mm in diameter). The term is always used in the plural (petechiae), since a single petechia is seldom noticed or significant. Causes Physical trauma The most common cause of petechiae is through physical trauma such as a hard bout of coughing, holding breath, vomiting, or crying, which can result in facial petechiae, especially around the eyes. Such instances are harmless and usually disappear within a few days. * Constriction, asphyxiation – petechiae, especially in the eyes, may also occur when excessive pressure is applied to tissue (e.g., when a tourniquet is applied to an extremity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lassa Fever
Lassa fever, also known as Lassa hemorrhagic fever (LHF), is a type of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus. Many of those infected by the virus do not develop symptoms. When symptoms occur they typically include fever, weakness, headaches, vomiting, and muscle pains. Less commonly there may be bleeding from the mouth or gastrointestinal tract. The risk of death once infected is about one percent and frequently occurs within two weeks of the onset of symptoms. Of those who survive, about a quarter have hearing loss, which improves within three months in about half of these cases. The disease is usually initially spread to people via contact with the urine or feces of an infected multimammate mouse. Spread can then occur via direct contact between people. Diagnosis based on symptoms is difficult. Confirmation is by laboratory testing to detect the virus's RNA, antibodies for the virus, or the virus itself in cell culture. Other conditions that may present similar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peribunyaviridae
''Peribunyaviridae'' is a family of viruses in the order ''Bunyavirales''. Its name partially derives from Bunyamwera, Uganda, where the founding species was first isolated. Unclassifed viruses A number of viruses that belong to this family have yet to be classified. These include Akhtuba virus, Fulton virus, Khurdun virus, Lakamha virus, largemouth bass bunyavirus, and Eriocheir sinensis bunya-like virus ''Eriocheir'' is a genus of crabs, including the Chinese mitten crab, ''E. sinensis''. Formerly in the family Grapsidae, it is now placed in the Varunidae The Varunidae are a family of thoracotrematan crabs. The delimitation of this family, p .... References External links ICTV Report: ''Peribunyaviridae'' {{Taxonbar, from=Q29001087 Virus families Bunyavirales ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emaravirus
''Emaravirus'' is a genus of negative-strand RNA viruses which infect plants. The plant virus group is the sole genus in the family ''Fimoviridae''. The genus has 21 species. Structure Virions of this genus are between 80 and 100 nm and consists of an enveloped ribonucleocapsid that exhibits helical symmetry. Genome The genomes are segmented, consisting of four strands of negative-sense single-stranded RNA. Phylogenetics ''Emaravirus'' has the closest phylogenetic relationship with members of the genera '' Orthotospovirus'' and ''Orthobunyavirus''. The 3' and 5' ends of the genomic RNAs are complementary (similar to viruses of the ''Bunyavirales'' order), with the sequence 5'-AGUAGUGUUCUCC-3' at the 5' terminus and 5'-GGAGUUCACUACU-3' at the 3' terminus. However, the number of genome segments and gene sequences distinguishes emaraviruses from bunyaviruses and tenuivirus ''Tenuivirus'' is a plant virus genus belonging to ''Phenuiviridae'' family in the order ''Bunyavi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dengue
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin itching and skin rash. Recovery generally takes two to seven days. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into a more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage, or into dengue shock syndrome, where dangerously low blood pressure occurs. Dengue is spread by several species of female mosquitoes of the ''Aedes'' genus, principally ''Aedes aegypti''. The virus has five serotypes; infection with one type usually gives lifelong immunity to that type, but only short-term immunity to the others. Subsequent infection with a different type increases the risk of severe complications. A number of tests are available to confirm the diagnosis including detecting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arenavirus
An arenavirus is a bisegmented ambisense RNA virus that is a member of the family ''Arenaviridae''. These viruses infect rodents and occasionally humans. A class of novel, highly divergent arenaviruses, properly known as reptarenaviruses, have also been discovered which infect snakes to produce inclusion body disease. At least eight arenaviruses are known to cause human disease. The diseases derived from arenaviruses range in severity. Aseptic meningitis, a severe human disease that causes inflammation covering the brain and spinal cord, can arise from the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Hemorrhagic fever syndromes, including Lassa fever, are derived from infections such as Guanarito virus, Junin virus, Lassa virus, Lujo virus, Machupo virus, Sabia virus, or Whitewater Arroyo virus. Because of the epidemiological association with rodents, some arenaviruses and bunyaviruses are designated as roboviruses. Structure Viewed in cross-section, arenaviruses contain grainy parti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South American Hemorrhagic Fever
South is one of the cardinal directions or compass points. The direction is the opposite of north and is perpendicular to both east and west. Etymology The word ''south'' comes from Old English ''sūþ'', from earlier Proto-Germanic ''*sunþaz'' ("south"), possibly related to the same Proto-Indo-European root that the word ''sun'' derived from. Some languages describe south in the same way, from the fact that it is the direction of the sun at noon (in the Northern Hemisphere), like Latin meridies 'noon, south' (from medius 'middle' + dies 'day', cf English meridional), while others describe south as the right-hand side of the rising sun, like Biblical Hebrew תֵּימָן teiman 'south' from יָמִין yamin 'right', Aramaic תַּימנַא taymna from יָמִין yamin 'right' and Syriac ܬܰܝܡܢܳܐ taymna from ܝܰܡܝܺܢܳܐ yamina (hence the name of Yemen, the land to the south/right of the Levant). Navigation By convention, the ''bottom or down-facing side'' of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral disease. Symptoms of CCHF may include fever, muscle pains, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, and bleeding into the skin. Onset of symptoms is less than two weeks following exposure. Complications may include liver failure. In those who survive, recovery generally occurs around two weeks after onset. The CCHF virus is typically spread by tick bites or close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected persons or animals. Groups that are at high risk of infection are farmers and those who work in slaughterhouses. The virus can also spread between people via body fluids. Diagnosis can be made by detecting antibodies, the virus's RNA, or viral proteins (antigens). It is a type of viral hemorrhagic fever. There are no FDA- or WHO-approved therapeutics for CCHF. Prevention involves avoiding tick bites, using safe practices in meat processing plants, and observing universal healthcare precautions. A va ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myalgia
Myalgia (also called muscle pain and muscle ache in layman's terms) is the medical term for muscle pain. Myalgia is a symptom of many diseases. The most common cause of acute myalgia is the overuse of a muscle or group of muscles; another likely cause is viral infection, especially when there has been no trauma. Long-lasting myalgia can be caused by metabolic myopathy, some nutritional deficiencies, and chronic fatigue syndrome. Causes The most common causes of myalgia are overuse, injury, and strain. Myalgia might also be caused by allergies, diseases, medications, or as a response to a vaccination. Dehydration at times results in muscle pain as well, especially for people involved in extensive physical activities such as workout. Muscle pain is also a common symptom in a variety of diseases, including infectious diseases, such as influenza, muscle abscesses, Lyme disease, malaria, trichinosis or poliomyelitis; autoimmune diseases, such as celiac disease, systemic lupus er ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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