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Vietnamese Poetry
Vietnamese poetry originated in the form of folk poetry and proverbs. Vietnamese poetic structures include '' Lục bát'', '' Song thất lục bát'', and various styles shared with Classical Chinese poetry forms, such as are found in Tang poetry; examples include verse forms with "seven syllables each line for eight lines," "seven syllables each line for four lines" (a type of quatrain), and "five syllables each line for eight lines." More recently there have been ''new poetry'' and ''free poetry''. With the exception of free poetry, a form with no distinct structure, other forms all have a certain structure. The tightest and most rigid structure was that of the Tang dynasty poetry, in which structures of content, number of syllables per line, lines per poem, rhythm rule determined the form of the poem. This stringent structure restricted Tang poetry to the middle and upper classes and academia. History Beginnings The first indication of Vietnamese literary activity da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poetry
Poetry (from the Greek language, Greek word ''poiesis'', "making") is a form of literature, literary art that uses aesthetics, aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meaning (linguistics), meanings in addition to, or in place of, Denotation, literal or surface-level meanings. Any particular instance of poetry is called a poem and is written by a poet. Poets use a variety of techniques called poetic devices, such as assonance, alliteration, Phonaesthetics#Euphony and cacophony, euphony and cacophony, onomatopoeia, rhythm (via metre (poetry), metre), and sound symbolism, to produce musical or other artistic effects. They also frequently organize these effects into :Poetic forms, poetic structures, which may be strict or loose, conventional or invented by the poet. Poetic structures vary dramatically by language and cultural convention, but they often use Metre (poetry), rhythmic metre (patterns of syllable stress or syllable weight, syllable (mora) weight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chữ Nôm
Chữ Nôm (, ) is a logographic writing system formerly used to write the Vietnamese language. It uses Chinese characters to represent Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and some native Vietnamese words, with other words represented by new characters created using a variety of methods, including phono-semantic compounds. This composite script was therefore highly complex and was accessible to the less than five percent of the Vietnamese population who had mastered written Chinese. Although all formal writing in Vietnam was done in classical Chinese until the early 20th century (except for two brief interludes), chữ Nôm was widely used between the 15th and 19th centuries by the Vietnamese cultured elite for popular works in the vernacular, many in verse. One of the best-known pieces of Vietnamese literature, '' The Tale of Kiều'', was written in chữ Nôm by Nguyễn Du. The Vietnamese alphabet created by Portuguese Jesuit missionaries, with the earliest known usage occurring ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictionary
A dictionary is a listing of lexemes from the lexicon of one or more specific languages, often arranged Alphabetical order, alphabetically (or by Semitic root, consonantal root for Semitic languages or radical-and-stroke sorting, radical and stroke for Logogram, logographic languages), which may include information on definitions, usage, etymologies, pronunciations, Bilingual dictionary, translation, etc.Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fourth Edition, 2002 It is a Lexicography, lexicographical reference that shows inter-relationships among the data. A broad distinction is made between general and specialized dictionaries. Specialized dictionaries include words in specialist fields, rather than a comprehensive range of words in the language. Lexical items that describe concepts in specific fields are usually called terms instead of words, although there is no consensus whether lexicology and terminology are two different fields of study. In theory, general dictionarie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin
Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area around Rome, Italy. Through the expansion of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language in the Italian Peninsula and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. It has greatly influenced many languages, Latin influence in English, including English, having contributed List of Latin words with English derivatives, many words to the English lexicon, particularly after the Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England, Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons and the Norman Conquest. Latin Root (linguistics), roots appear frequently in the technical vocabulary used by fields such as theology, List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names, the sciences, List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes, medicine, and List of Latin legal terms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Language
Portuguese ( or ) is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family originating from the Iberian Peninsula of Europe. It is the official language of Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal and São Tomé and Príncipe, and has co-official language status in East Timor, Equatorial Guinea and Macau. Portuguese-speaking people or nations are known as Lusophone (). As the result of expansion during colonial times, a cultural presence of Portuguese speakers is also found around the world. Portuguese is part of the Iberian Romance languages, Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia and the County of Portugal, and has kept some Gallaecian language, Celtic phonology. With approximately 250 million native speakers and 17 million second language speakers, Portuguese has approximately 267 million total speakers. It is usually listed as the List of languages by number of native speaker ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco De Pina
Francisco de Pina (; 1585 – 1625) was a Portuguese Jesuit interpreter, missionary and priest, credited with creating the first Latin script, Latinized script of the Vietnamese language, which the modern Vietnamese alphabet is based on. Biography Francisco de Pina was born in Guarda, Portugal, in 1585 and entered the Jesuit order in 1605.Jacques, Roland. Portuguese Pioneers of Vietnamese Linguistics. Bangkok: Orchid Press, 2002. In the years between 1611 and 1617 he studied at St. Paul's College, Macau, where he was exposed to the works of João Rodrigues Tçuzu. The latter was a Portuguese Jesuit who had pioneered transliteration of Japanese into Latin alphabet using phonetics of the Portuguese language. João Rodrigues Tçuzu arrived in Macau from Japan in 1614, 6 years after completing his most famous work about Japanese grammar, ''Arte da Lingoa de Iapam''. Francisco de Pina arrived in Đàng Trong (called Cochinchina by Europeans at the time) in 1617 in order to replace t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandre De Rhodes
Alexandre de Rhodes, SJ (; 15 March 1593 – 5 November 1660), also Đắc Lộ was an Avignonese Jesuit missionary and lexicographer who had a lasting impact on Christianity in Vietnam. He wrote the '' Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum'', the first trilingual Vietnamese- Portuguese-Latin dictionary, published in Rome, in 1651.''Wörterbücher: Ein Internationales Handbuch Zur Lexikographie'' by Franz Josef Hausmann, p.258/ref> Biography Alexandre de Rhodes was born in Avignon, Papal States (now in France). According to some sources, he was of Jewish origin. His paternal side was from Aragón, Spain.Đỗ Quang Chính (1999)"Tu sĩ Dòng Tên Alexandre de Rhodes từ trần". He entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus in Rome on 24 April 1612 to dedicate his life to missionary work. In 1624, he was sent to the East Asia, arriving in the Nguyễn-controlled domain of '' Đàng Trong'' (known to the Europeans as Cochinchina) on a boat with fellow Jesuit Gi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vietnamese Alphabet
The Vietnamese alphabet (, ) is the modern writing script for the Vietnamese language. It uses the Latin script based on Romance languages like French language, French, originally developed by Francisco de Pina (1585–1625), a missionary from Portugal. The Vietnamese alphabet contains 29 Letter (alphabet), letters, including 7 letters using four diacritics: , , , , , , and . There are an additional 5 diacritics used to designate Tonal language, tone (as in , , , , and ). The complex vowel system and the large number of letters with diacritics, which can stack twice on the same letter (e.g. meaning 'first'), makes it easy to distinguish the Vietnamese orthography from other writing systems that use the Latin alphabets, Latin script. The Vietnamese system's use of diacritics produces an accurate transcription for Tonal Languages, tones despite the limitations of the Roman alphabet. On the other hand, sound changes in the spoken language have led to different letters, digraphs an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Đàng Trong
Đàng Trong ( chữ Nôm: 唐冲, lit. "Inner Circuit"), also known as Nam Hà (, "South of the River"), was the South region of Vietnam, under the lordship of the Nguyễn clan, later enlarged by the Vietnamese southward expansion. The word ''Đàng Trong'' first appeared in the '' Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum'' by Alexandre de Rhodes. Contemporary European sources called it Cochinchina or Quinam. During the 17th century and almost all the 18th century, Đàng Trong was a ''de facto'' independent kingdom ruled by the Nguyễn lords while they claimed to be loyal subjects of the Lê emperors in Thăng Long (Hanoi). It was bordered by Đàng Ngoài along the Linh River (modern Gianh River in Quảng Bình Province). Nguyễn rulers titled themselves as ''Chúa'' ( chữ Nôm: 主,lit. "Lord") instead of ''Vua'' ( chữ Nôm: 𤤰,lit. "King") until Lord Nguyễn Phúc Khoát officially claimed the title ''Vũ Vương'' ( chữ Nôm: 武王,lit."Martial King ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lê Thánh Tông
Lê Thánh Tông (黎聖宗; 25 August 1442 – 3 March 1497), personal name Lê Hạo, temple name Thánh Tông, courtesy name Tư Thành, was an emperor of Đại Việt, reigning from 1460 to 1497, the fifth and the longest-reigning emperor of the Later Lê dynasty, and is widely praised as one of the greatest emperors in Vietnamese history. He came to power through a coup d'état against his second brother Lê Nghi Dân in 1460. His reign is recognized for the extensive administrative, military, education, and fiscal reforms he instituted, conquests of Champa states and expansion of Đại Việt territory in the south, and a cultural revolution that replaced the old aristocracy with a generation of literati scholars. His reign was later praised as the Prospered reign of Hồng Đức (''Hồng Đức Thịnh trị;'' 洪德盛治). Name Lê Thánh Tông is known by several names, including his birth name Lê Hạo (黎灝), his courtesy name Tư Thành (思誠), pseud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Later Lê Dynasty
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Later may refer to: * Future, the time after the present Television * ''Later'' (talk show), a 1988–2001 American talk show * '' Later... with Jools Holland'', a British music programme since 1992 * ''The Life and Times of Eddie Roberts'', or ''L.A.T.E.R.'', a 1980 American sitcom * "Later" (''BoJack Horseman''), an episode Other uses * ''Later'' (magazine), a 1999–2001 British men's magazine * ''Later'' (novel), a 2021 novel by Stephen King * "Later" (song), a 2016 song by Example * ''Later: My Life at the Edge of the World'', a book by Paul Lisicky See also * * L8R (other) * Late (other) * See You Later (other) * Sooner or Later (other) Sooner or Later may refer to: Film and television * Sooner or Later (1920 film), ''Sooner or Later'' (1920 film), an American silent comedy directed by Wesley Ruggles * Sooner or Later (1979 film), ''Sooner or Later'' (1979 film), an American tel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kublai Khan
Kublai Khan (23 September 1215 – 18 February 1294), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizu of Yuan and his regnal name Setsen Khan, was the founder and first emperor of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China. He proclaimed the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, and ruled Yuan China until his death in 1294. Kublai was the second son of Tolui by his chief wife Sorghaghtani Beki, and a grandson of Genghis Khan. He was almost 12 when Genghis Khan died in 1227. He had succeeded his older brother Möngke as Khagan in 1260, but had to defeat his younger brother Ariq Böke in the Toluid Civil War lasting until 1264. This episode marked the beginning of the division of the Mongol Empire. Kublai's real power was limited to the Yuan Empire, even though as Khagan he still influenced the Ilkhanate and, to a significantly lesser degree, the Golden Horde. In 1271, Kublai established the Yuan dynasty and formally claimed orthodox succession from prior Chinese dynasties. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
