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Vietnamese Civil War Of 1789–1802
The Vietnamese Civil War of 1787–1802, or the Tây Sơn–Nguyễn Civil War of 1787–1802, was a conflict fought between two Vietnamese factions, the Tayson in the north, and the Nguyen loyalists in the south, both intended to unify the realm. Following the Tây Sơn rebellion (1771–1789), the kingdom of Dai Viet was partitioned into three regions ruled by the Tây Sơn brothers Nguyen Nhac, Nguyen Hue and Nguyen Lu. Nguyen Phuc Anh, last of the slaughtered Nguyễn, Nguyen lord family that had been overthrown by the Tây Sơn in the 1770s, returned to Vietnam in 1787 after spending years of exile in Siam to rally support for his fight against the Tây Sơn. Nguyen Anh and his allies effectively defeated the Tây Sơn, dismantled the Tây Sơn regime, reunited the country, and established a Nguyễn dynasty, unified Vietnamese state in 1802. Background From the 16th to 18th century, the Vietnamese realm of Dai Viet after had been loomed by a series of civil wars and socia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)
The Rattanakosin Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of Siam after 1855, refers to the Siamese kingdom between 1782 and 1932. It was founded in 1782 with the History of Bangkok#Rattanakosin, establishment of Rattanakosin (Bangkok), which replaced the city of Thonburi Kingdom, Thonburi as the capital of Siam. This article covers the period until the Siamese revolution of 1932. The kingdom governed based on the Mandala (political model), mandala system. This allows for high-autonomy locally with the kingdom influencing and effectively rule its area of suzerainty. At its zenith in 1805-1812, the Kingdom was composed of Administrative divisions of Thailand#Muang Prathetsarat, 25 polities, ranging from duchies and principalities to federations and kingdoms. With the furthest extent reaching Shan States, the Shan States, southern Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, Laos, Cambodia, northern Si Rat Malai, Malaysia, Sip Song Chau Tai, northwestern Vietnam, and Kawthaung, K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nguyễn Phúc Cảnh
Nguyễn Phúc Cảnh (1780–1801), also known as Prince Cảnh, was the eldest son of the Vietnamese Prince Nguyễn Phúc Ánh, the future Emperor Gia Long. At the age of seven, he famously visited France with the French Catholic Father Pigneau de Béhaine to sign an alliance between France and Vietnam. Although Prince Cảnh was the legitimate heir to the throne, he died before his father, and none of his descendants ascended the throne after his half-brother Nguyễn Phúc Đảm was chosen by Gia Long. Life Born April 6, 1780, Nguyễn Phúc Cảnh was the second son of Nguyễn Phúc Ánh and his first wife, Empress Tống Thị Lan (his older brother died soon after birth). Embassy to France In 1785, at the age of five, Nguyễn Phúc Cảnh accompanied the French Catholic Father Pigneau de Béhaine to France in order to sign a treaty of alliance between France and Vietnam, the 1788 Treaty of Versailles. Prince Canh was also accompanied by two mandarins, a cousi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zheng Qi (pirate)
Zheng Qi (also spelled Ching Tsih or Cheng Chi; born Zheng Yaohuang; 1760 – September 1802) was a powerful Chinese pirate operating from Canton (Guangdong) and throughout the South China Sea in the late 1700s. History He was born Zheng Yaohuang in Xin'an County, Guangdong, Qing China (modern Shenzhen and Hong Kong), in 1760. He was the seventh son of his pirate father Zheng Lianfu (鄭連福) and his wife Lin Xiu (林秀), hence the nickname Zheng Qi. Zheng Qi was recruited by the Tay Son dynasty in 1788, and later became one of the most important subordinates under Chen Tianbao. From 1788 to 1799, Zheng frequently attacked the southern coast of Qing China together with Mo Guanfu, Liang Wengeng (梁文庚) and Fan Wencai (樊文才). The Qing navy feared them. In 1795, Zheng Qi abducted a 12-year-old boy named He Song (何送) and raised him as his adopted son. A few years later, Zheng Qi gave him a captive female as his bride and seven hundred pieces of silver (''lian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mo Guanfu
Mo Guanfu (, ; Vietnamese: ''Mạc Quan Phù'', ?–1801) was a powerful Chinese pirate throughout the South China Sea in the late 1700s. Mo was born to a woodsman's family in Suixi County, Guangdong. He was kidnapped by the pirates in 1787. His family was too poor to pay ransom, so he had to join in the pirate group. He received a Tay Son dynasty commission in 1788, along with Chen Tien-pao, and was granted the title ''Đông Hải Vương'' (chữ Hán: 東海王, ''prince of East Sea'') by Nguyễn Huệ. From 1788 to 1799, Mo frequently attacked the southern coast of Qing China together with Zheng Qi, Liang Wengeng (梁文庚) and Fan Wencai (樊文才). Tay Son army was utterly beaten by his rival Nguyen lord in 1801 and, Mo was captured by Nguyen lord together with Liang Wen-keng and Fan Wen-tsai. They were extradited to China in 1803 and later executed by Lingchi in Guangzhou. See also *Pirates of the South China Coast Pirates of the South China Coast () were Chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zheng Yi (pirate)
Zheng Yi (also romanised as Cheng Yud or Cheng I; born Zheng Wenxian, courtesy name Youyi; 1765 – 16 November 1807) was a powerful Chinese pirate operating from Guangdong and throughout the South China Sea in the late 1700s. History According to Antony, "From 1802 until his death in a typhoon in the Southern Ocean in 1807, the most formidable pirate leader in Guandong was Zheng Yi, a cousin of Zheng Qi. Both Zhengs belonged to a notorious family of professional pirates, which for nearly a century and a half were the predominant pirates in the Canton delta. They traced their beginnings to the mid-seventeenth century with Zheng Jian, who hailed from Fujian and was subordinate of Zheng Chenggong. Two descendants, the brothers Zheng Lianfu and Zheng Lianchang, carried on the family tradition as sea bandits. They in turn were followed by their sons, Zheng Qi and Zheng Yi...After the death of Zheng Qi in 1802, Zheng Yi took command of his cousin's forces." He was born Zheng Wenxian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chen Tianbao
Chen Tianbao (; Vietnamese language, Vietnamese: Trần Thiên Bảo) was a fisherman who became a powerful Chinese Warlord operating from Guangdong and throughout the South China Sea in the late 18th century. He later became a general and naval commander of the Tay Son dynasty in Vietnam. Chen was born to a fisherman's family in Lianzhou, Guangdong (modern Hepu County, Guangxi). In October 1780, his fishing vessel was shipwrecked near northern Vietnam, and he had to stay there. When the Tay Son brothers conquered northern Vietnam, he was forced to join the Tay Son army in 1783. He was very skilled at sailing and was later appointed as general. He was the commander of Tay Son navy and helped Tay Son against the threats from the sea. From 1788 to 1799, he ordered his four subordinates, Mo Guanfu, Zheng Qi (pirate), Zheng Qi, Liang Wengeng (梁文庚) and Fan Wencai (樊文才), all Chinese pirates, to launch frequent attacks on the southern coast of Qing China. Chen also played an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Po Tisuntiraidapuran
Po Tisuntiraidapuran (?–1793) was a ruler of the Panduranga Kingdom of Champa (in Vietnamese, Thuân Thành) who ruled from 1780 to 1781 or 1782, and again from 1786 to 1793. His Vietnamese name was Nguyễn Văn Tá (阮文佐). He ruled in a difficult time, when the Tây Sơn wars ravaged Vietnam. He generally supported the Tây Sơn rebels against Nguyễn Ánh and was later executed by Ánh when he proved victorious. Ascent to the Cham kingship The Cham chronicles say that Po Tisuntiraidapuran was not (closely) related to his immediate predecessors. He was however a descendant of the early 18th century king Po Saktiraydapatih. He was born in a Year of the Dog (1742, 1754, etc.) and was originally a Cham lord under king Po Tisuntiraydapaghoh, who followed Vietnamese forces in southern Vietnam (whether Tây Sơn or Nguyễn is not specified). Allegedly, he killed some envoys of the Tây Sơn ruler Nguyễn Nhạc. The blame for the murders was put on Po Tisuntiraydapa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bùi Thị Xuân
Bùi Thị Xuân ( vi-hantu, , d. 1802) was a Vietnamese female general during the Tây Sơn wars. One of the key figures in the Tây Sơn rebellion, known for her exceptional combat skills. She was not only a master swordswoman but also highly skilled in archery, horseback riding, and war elephant training. She commanded a war elephant division that trained and managed dozens of battle elephants. Her courage and charismatic leadership, alongside her husband General Trần Quang Diệu, made them two of the most important generals in the Tây Sơn army from its early days. Background and Early Life Bùi Thị Xuân was the daughter of Bùi Đắc Chí and the niece of Bùi Đắc Tuyên a mandarin who served the court of the Tây Sơn dynasty. She was born in Xuân Hòa Village, located east of Phú Phong (now part of Phú Xuân Village, Bình Phú Commune, Tây Sơn District, Bình Định Province). Born into a wealthy family, Bùi Thị Xuân received both literary and martia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vũ Văn Dũng
Vũ Văn Dũng (, died 1802), or Võ Văn Dũng, was a general of Tây Sơn dynasty, Vietnam. He and Võ Ðình Tú, Trần Quang Diệu, Nguyễn Văn Tuyết (Commander Tuyết), Lê Văn Hưng, Lý Văn Bưu, Nguyễn Văn Lộc (Commander Lộc) were known as "Seven Tiger Generals of Tây Sơn dynasty" (, ). Positions At first, Vũ Văn Dũng was subordinate of Phạm Ngô Cầu (the administrator of Phú Xuân, appointed by a trịnh lord). In 1786, the Tây Sơn army captured Phú Xuân and Dũng surrendered to Nguyễn Huệ. He was granted the position ''Đại tư khấu'' ( "Grand Minister of Justice"). Later, he was sent to Tonkin to enlist rebel soldiers by offering amnesty. Conflicts After Nguyễn Quang Toản became emperor at age 9, his new regent Bùi Đắc Tuyên replaced Dũng with general Ngô Văn Sở and sent the former back to Phú Xuân. On the way to Phú Xuân, Trần Văn Kỷ persuaded Dũng to stage a ''coup d'état'' against Tuyên. Dũng, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngô Văn Sở
Ngô Văn Sở (, died 1795) was a general of the Tây Sơn dynasty. Born in Tuy Viễn District (modern Tây Sơn District), Bình Định Province, he joined the Tây Sơn army at an early age. In 1787, Vũ Văn Nhậm led an army north into Tonkin. Sở and Phan Văn Lân followed the army to assist him. Nhậm occupied Thăng Long (modern Hanoi), executed Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh, and installed Lê Duy Cận as a puppet "Prince Regent" ( ''giám quốc''). Sở and Lân reported Nhậm's actions to emperor Quang Trung, who subsequently had Nhậm executed. The emperor then left Tonkin, leaving Sở, Lân, Nguyễn Văn Tuyết, Nguyễn Văn Dụng, Trần Thuận Ngôn, and Ngô Thì Nhậm in Thăng Long to watch over Cận.''Việt Nam sử lược'', Quyển 2, Chương 10'' Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện'', vol. 30 Qing China invaded Vietnam to reinstall the deposed emperor Lê Chiêu Thống of Lê dynasty. Sở ordered Cận to write a letter to the Qing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trần Quang Diệu
Trần Quang Diệu ( vi-hantu, , 1760–1802), also called Nguyễn Quang Diệu ( vi-hantu, ), was a general of Tây Sơn dynasty, Vietnam. Diệu was the husband of female general Bùi Thị Xuân. He and Vũ Văn Dũng, Võ Ðình Tú, Nguyễn Văn Tuyết (Commander Tuyết), Lê Văn Hưng, Lý Văn Bưu, Nguyễn Văn Lộc (Commander Lộc) were known as "Seven Tiger Generals of Tây Sơn dynasty" (, ). The couple joined the Tây Sơn army in early time. Diệu was promoted to ''Thiếu phó'' (, "Junior Tutor"). In 1789, Diệu was appointed the governor of Nghệ An. There, he was ordered to build a new citadel, ''Phượng Hoàng trung đô'' (). Nguyễn Huệ planned to use it as the future capital, but later it was abandoned.'' Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện'', vol. 30 In 1792, Diệu was sent to attack Laos together with Lê Trung. In the same year, he was called back to Phú Xuân when Nguyễn Huệ was critically ill. Huệ ordered T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
