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Vehicular Cycling
Vehicular cycling (also known as bicycle driving) is the practice of riding a bicycle in traffic in a manner that emulates driving a motor vehicle. The phrase ''vehicular cycling'' was coined by John Forester (cyclist), John Forester in the 1970s. In his book ''Effective Cycling'', Forester contends that "Cyclists fare best when they act and are treated as Driving, drivers of vehicles". These techniques have been adopted by the League of American Bicyclists and other organizations teaching safe riding courses for cyclists. As a method for strong and confident riders to cope with fast motor traffic, many recommendations of vehicular cycling are widely applied. Vehicular cycling has at times been controversial, particularly on larger roads not designed for bikes. Technique A vehicular cyclist is one that travels within the roadway in accordance with the basic vehicular Traffic#Rules of the road, rules of the road that are shared by all drivers and adhering to traffic controls. Veh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Wide Outside Lane
A wide outside lane (WOL) or wide curb lane (WCL) is an outside lane, outermost lane of a roadway that is wide enough to be safely shared side by side by a bicycle and a wider motor vehicle at the same time. The terms are used by cyclists and bicycle transportation planners in the United States. Generally, the minimum-width standard for a WOL in the US is 14 feet (4.3 m). A wide outside through lane (WOTL) is a WOL that is intended for use by through traffic. Conversely, a narrow lane is a lane that is too narrow to be safely shared side by side by a bicycle and a motor vehicle. When the outside lane of a roadway is a narrow lane, it is sometimes referred as a ''narrow outside lane'' (NOL), ''narrow curb lane'' (NCL) or ''narrow outside through lane'' (NOTL). Legal definitions The US Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration defines a "Shared Lane" as follows: *Shared Lane—A lane of a traveled way that is open to bicycle travel and motor vehicle use. **Narrow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pattern Shift 20110708391 029
A pattern is a regularity in the world, in human-made design, or in abstraction, abstract ideas. As such, the elements of a pattern repeat in a predictable manner. A geometric pattern is a kind of pattern formed of geometry, geometric shapes and typically repeated like a wallpaper design. Any of the senses may directly observe patterns. Conversely, abstract patterns in science, mathematics, or language may be observable only by analysis. Direct observation in practice means seeing visual patterns, which are widespread in nature and in art. Visual patterns in nature are often Chaos theory, chaotic, rarely exactly repeating, and often involve fractals. Natural patterns include spirals, meanders, waves, foams, tessellation, tilings, fracture, cracks, and those created by Symmetry, symmetries of rotation symmetry, rotation and reflection symmetry, reflection. Patterns have an underlying Mathematics, mathematical structure; indeed, mathematics can be seen as the search for regularitie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Lane Sharing
Lane sharing is the use of a single lane by multiple types of transportation. It is commonly used to describe cyclists and motorists sharing a lane, where no dedicated bike lane is present. Lanes are sometimes shared between bicycles and motor vehicles at intersections; when a bike lane is on the side of a road, turning vehicles may use the bike lane in addition to cyclists. When lane sharing is done by using space between lines of traffic, it is called lane splitting. This is legal in some areas at intersections, where motorcycle users may use the spaces between cars to queue at a red light. Types Trams and road traffic Trams A tram (also known as a streetcar or trolley in Canada and the United States) is an urban rail transit in which Rolling stock, vehicles, whether individual railcars or multiple-unit trains, run on tramway tracks on urban public streets; some ... sometimes share lanes with road traffic, including cars, trucks, buses, and cyclists. Trams may hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Chris Carlsson
Chris is a short form of various names including Christopher, Christian, Christina, and Christine. Chris is also used as a name in its own right, however it is not as common. People with the given name * Chris Abani (born 1966), Nigerian author *Chris Abele (born 1967), American businessman and politician * Chris Abell (1957–2020), British biological chemist *Chris Abrahams (born 1961), Sydney-based jazz pianist *Chris Achilléos (1947–2021), British painter * Chris Ackie (born 1992), Canadian football player *Chris Acland (1966–1996), English drummer and songwriter *Chris Adams (other), multiple people *Chris Adcock (born 1989), English internationally elite badminton player *Chris Adler (born 1972), American drummer *Chris Adrian (born 1970), American author *Chris Albright (born 1979), American former soccer player *Chris Alcaide (1923–2004), American actor *Chris Amon (1943–2016), former New Zealand motor racing driver *Chris Andersen (born 1978), American ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Critical Mass (cycling)
Critical Mass is a form of direct action in which people travel as a group on bicycles at a set location and time. The idea is for people to group together to make it safe for each other to ride bicycles through their streets, based on the old adage: ''there's safety in numbers''. Critical Mass events highlight the numbers of people who want to use their bicycle on the streets, but are usually unable to do so without risking their safety. They are a call to action to councils, governments and road planners to properly and thoughtfully design in the safety of all road users, including those who would prefer to walk and cycle, instead of prioritising motor traffic above all else. The event originated in 1992 in San Francisco (typically held on the last Friday of every month); by the end of 2003, the event was being held in over 300 cities around the world. Critical Mass has been described as "monthly political-protest rides", and characterized as being part of a social movement. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Zack Furness
Zachary Mooradian Furness (born 1977) is an American cultural studies scholar, punk musician and author. Biography Born in 1977 in Pittsburgh, Furness earned a bachelor's degree in English from Pennsylvania State University, a master's degree and doctorate in Communication studies from the University of Pittsburgh, as well as a doctoral certificate in Women's Studies. He is currently associate professor of communications at Penn State Greater Allegheny where he also serves as Communications Program Coordinator and the WMKP Radio General Manager. Prior to working at Penn State, Furness taught in the Cultural Studies program at Columbia College Chicago and in the Speech Communication department at Shoreline Community College. He is an interdisciplinary researcher and possibly best known for his book ''One Less Car: Bicycling and the Politics of Automobility''. In addition to his work on cycling advocacy and bicycle culture, Furness is the editor of ''Punkademics'', the co-editor ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Traffic Calming
Traffic calming uses physical design and other measures to improve safety for motorists, car drivers, pedestrians and bicycle-friendly, cyclists. It has become a tool to combat speeding and other unsafe behaviours of drivers. It aims to encourage safer, more responsible driving and potentially reduce traffic flow. Urban planners and Traffic engineering (transportation), traffic engineers have many strategies for traffic calming, including road diet, narrowed roads and speed humps. Such measures are common in Australia and Europe (especially Northern Europe), but less so in North America. Traffic calming is a calque (literal translation) of the German word – the term's first published use in English was in 1985 by Carmen Hass-Klau. History In its early development in the UK in the 1930s, traffic calming was based on the idea that residential areas should be protected from through-traffic. Subsequently, it became valued for its ability to improve pedestrian safety and redu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pedaling Revolution
''Pedaling Revolution: How Cyclists Are Changing American Cities'' is a non-fiction book written by Jeff Mapes, a political reporter for ''The Oregonian''. The book gives a brief history of the bicycle from its start in the early 1800s, when it could only be afforded by the wealthy, through to the present. He talks of the 1890s when bicycles were inexpensive enough for commoners to afford, yet automobiles had yet to be mass produced, and city streets were filled with bikes leading the League of American Wheelmen to lobby for paved roads. The end of World War II saw a decline in the bicycle as automobiles became more a way of life. The 1970s saw a boom in the American bicycle market, to again decline in the 1980s. Most recently, Mapes looked at several then-current politicians who were outspoken about bicycle advocacy such as then-chairman Jim Oberstar (D-MN) of the United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure who Mapes calls the highest regarded cycling supp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Hand Signals
Hand signals are agreed gestures that people make with their hands or body to communicate in a non-verbal way. When used in traffic, hand signals are often used to convey driver's intention of their next movement. In some countries, hand signals can apply to any vehicle whose signal lights are missing or damaged. Hand signals are commonly used and applies to cyclists and motorists. Hand signals are commonly used to signal a left turn, right turn, overtaking, slowing or stopping. Left Turn All countries To signal a left turn, the driver horizontally extends their left arm outwards. South Africa The driver extends their right arm with the forearm pointing vertically downwards and moving in a circular anti-clockwise motion. Drivers of tractors, animal-drawn vehicles and two-wheeled vehicles may also extend their left arm horizontally with the palm facing forwards. Signal lights or turn indicators may be used in place of hand signals if installed. Right Turn US and Canada ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City, often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC, is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Utah. It is the county seat of Salt Lake County, the most populous county in the state. The city is the core of the Salt Lake City Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which had a population of 1,257,936 at the 2020 census. Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City–Ogden–Provo Combined Statistical Area, a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along a segment of the Wasatch Front, comprising a population of 2,746,164 (as of 2021 estimates), making it the 22nd largest in the nation. With a population of 199,723 in 2020, it is the 111th most populous city in the United States. It is also the central core of the larger of only two major urban areas located within the Great Basin (the other being Reno, Nevada). Salt Lake City was founded on July 24, 1847 by settlers led by Brigham Young ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and most of List of islands of the United Kingdom, the smaller islands within the British Isles, covering . Northern Ireland shares Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. It maintains sovereignty over the British Overseas Territories, which are located across various oceans and seas globally. The UK had an estimated population of over 68.2 million people in 2023. The capital and largest city of both England and the UK is London. The cities o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Bikeability
Bikeability is the Department for Transport’s national award provider for cycle training in England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It .... Primarily for children and young people, it is a progressive programme where riders will first master cycle handling skills in motor-traffic-free environments (Level 1), then develop their skills and confidence to cycle on single-lane roads and simple junctions with mostly moderate motor traffic flows (Level 2), before tackling busier/ or faster roads, and complex junctions (Level 3). After completing the training, Bikeability cyclists receive a booklet, a badge and a certificate to recognise training completion. The certificate also identifies areas for further practice as noted by the instructor. The programme itself is based ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
