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Vaad Rosh Hashochtim Of Poland And Lithuania
Vaad Roshei Hashochtim of Poland and Lithuania ''(Council of Leaders of the Shochtim of Poland and Lithuania)'' ( He: ועד ראשי השוחטים דמדינת פולין וליטא) was a council of seven rabbis that oversaw Poland and Lithuania's 3,500 practicing prior to the Holocaust. Inauguration The Vaad was established in the mid-1930s by many of the leading Polish and Lithuanian rabbis of the era including, but not limited to, Rabbi Chaim Ozer Grodzinski, Rabbi Avraham Mordechai Alter, Rabbi Shlomo Chanoch Rabinowicz, Rabbi Dovid Bornsztain. To enable the Vaad's authority to be universally accepted by each of the numerous sects of Polish and Lithuanian jewry it was mutually agreed that Vaad should consist of seven Rabbis thereby allowing each of the different founding Rabbis to make a specific appointment to the Vaad from among their followers who were loyal to their particular beliefs, philosophy and customs. Furthermore, the founding Rabbis decided that Vaad should ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebrew Language
Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and remained in regular use as a first language until after 200 CE and as the liturgical language of Judaism (since the Second Temple period) and Samaritanism. The language was revived as a spoken language in the 19th century, and is the only successful large-scale example of linguistic revival. It is the only Canaanite language, as well as one of only two Northwest Semitic languages, with the other being Aramaic, still spoken today. The earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date back to the 10th century BCE. Nearly all of the Hebrew Bible is written in Biblical Hebrew, with much of its present form in the dialect that scholars believe flourished around the 6th century BCE, during the time of the Babylonian captivity. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashrus
(also or , ) is a set of Food and drink prohibitions, dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jewish people are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to halakha, Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher ( in English, ), from the Ashkenazi Hebrew, Ashkenazi pronunciation of the term that in Sephardi Hebrew, Sephardi or Modern Hebrew is pronounced ''kashér'' (), meaning "fit" (in this context: "fit for consumption"). Food that may not be consumed, however, is deemed treif ( in English, ), also spelled treyf (). In case of objects the opposite of kosher is pasúl ( in English, Yiddish: פָּסוּל). Although the details of the laws of are numerous and complex, they rest on a few basic principles: * Only certain types of mammals, birds, and fish, Kosher animals, meeting specific criteria are kosher; the consumption of the flesh of any animals that do not meet these criteria, such as pork, frogs, and shellfish, is forbidden, except ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthodox Judaism In Lithuania
Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to: Religion * Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-paganism or Hinduism Christian Traditional Christian denominations * Eastern Orthodoxy, which accepts the theological resolutions of the Council of Chalcedon * Oriental Orthodoxy, which does not accept the theological resolutions of the Council of Chalcedon Modern denominations * Lutheran orthodoxy, an era in the history of Lutheranism which began in 1580 from the writing of the ''Book of Concord'' * Neo-orthodoxy, a theological position also known as ''dialectical theology'' * Orthodox Presbyterian Church, a confessional Presbyterian denomination located primarily in the northern United States * Paleo-orthodoxy, (20th–21st century), a movement in the United States focusing on the consensus among the ecumenical councils and church fath ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Lithuanian History
Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly interrelated, as Judaism is their ethnic religion, though it is not practiced by all ethnic Jews. Despite this, religious Jews regard Gerim, converts to Judaism as members of the Jewish nation, pursuant to the Conversion to Judaism, long-standing conversion process. The Israelites emerged from the pre-existing Canaanite peoples to establish Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), Israel and Kingdom of Judah, Judah in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age.John Day (Old Testament scholar), John Day (2005), ''In Search of Pre-Exilic Israel'', Bloomsbury Publishing, pp. 47.5 [48] 'In this sense, the emergence of ancient Israel is viewed not as the cause of the demise of Canaanite culture but as its upshot'. Originally, J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Polish History
The history of the Jews in Poland dates back at least 1,000 years. For centuries, Poland was home to the largest and most significant Jews, Jewish community in the world. Poland was a principal center of Jewish culture, because of the long period of statutory toleration, religious tolerance and Qahal, social autonomy which ended after the Partitions of Poland in the 18th century. During World War II there was a nearly complete genocide, genocidal destruction of the Polish Jewish community by Nazi Germany and its collaborators of various nationalities, during the German occupation of Poland between 1939 and 1945, called the Holocaust. Since the fall of communism in Poland, there has been a renewed interest in Jewish culture, featuring an annual Jewish Culture Festival, new study programs at Polish secondary schools and universities, and the opening of Warsaw's Museum of the History of Polish Jews. From the founding of the Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385), Kingdom of Poland in 10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabbinical Organizations
Rabbinic Judaism (), also called Rabbinism, Rabbinicism, Rabbanite Judaism, or Talmudic Judaism, is rooted in the many forms of Judaism that coexisted and together formed Second Temple Judaism in the land of Israel, giving birth to classical rabbinic Judaism, which flourished from the 1st century CE to the final redaction of the Babylonian Talmud in c. 600. Mainly developing after the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple (70 CE), it eventually became the normative form of Judaism. Rabbinic Judaism has been an orthodox form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Babylonian Talmud. It has its roots in the Pharisaic school of Second Temple Judaism and is based on the belief that Moses at Mount Sinai received both the Written Torah (''Torah she-be-Khetav'') and the Oral Torah (''Torah she-be-al Peh'') from God. The Oral Torah explains the Written Torah, and it was the rabbis claimed that it was them who possessed this memorized and orally transmitted p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashrut
(also or , ) is a set of Food and drink prohibitions, dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jewish people are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to halakha, Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher ( in English, ), from the Ashkenazi Hebrew, Ashkenazi pronunciation of the term that in Sephardi Hebrew, Sephardi or Modern Hebrew is pronounced ''kashér'' (), meaning "fit" (in this context: "fit for consumption"). Food that may not be consumed, however, is deemed treif ( in English, ), also spelled treyf (). In case of objects the opposite of kosher is pasúl ( in English, Yiddish: פָּסוּל). Although the details of the laws of are numerous and complex, they rest on a few basic principles: * Only certain types of mammals, birds, and fish, Kosher animals, meeting specific criteria are kosher; the consumption of the flesh of any animals that do not meet these criteria, such as pork, frogs, and shellfish, is forbidden, except ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucy Dawidowicz
Lucy Dawidowicz ( Schildkret; June 16, 1915 – December 5, 1990) was an American historian and writer. She wrote books about modern Jewish history, in particular, about the Holocaust. Life Dawidowicz was born in New York City as Lucy Schildkret. Her parents, Max and Dora (née Ofnaem) Schildkret, Jewish immigrants from Poland, were secular-minded with little interest in religion. Dawidowicz did not attend a service at a synagogue until 1938. Dawidowicz's first interests were poetry and literature. She attended Hunter College from 1932 to 1936 and obtained a B.A. in English. She went on to study for a M.A. at Columbia University, but abandoned her studies because of concerns over events in Europe. At the encouragement of her mentor, the historian Jacob Shatzky, Dawidowicz decided to focus on history, especially Jewish history. Dawidowicz made the decision to learn Yiddish, and at Shatzky's urging, she relocated to Wilno, Poland (present-day Vilnius, Lithuania) in 1938 to work ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Invasion Of Poland
The invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union, and one day after the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union had approved the pact. The Soviets invaded Poland on 17 September. The campaign ended on 6 October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland under the terms of the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty. The aim of the invasion was to disestablish Poland as a sovereign country, with its citizens destined for extermination. German and Slovak forces invaded Poland from the north, south, and west the morning after the Gleiwitz incident. As the Wehrmacht advanced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamodia
''Hamodia'' ( – "''the Informer''") is a Jewish daily newspaper, published in Hebrew language, Hebrew-language in Jerusalem and English language, English-language in the United States, as well as weekly English-language editions in England and Israel. A weekly edition for French language, French-speaking readers debuted in 2008. The newspaper's slogan is "The Newspaper of Torah Jewry". It comes with two magazines, ''Inyan'' and ''Insight''. ''Haaretz'', the newspaper of Israel's secular left, describes ''Hamodia'' as one of the "most powerful" newspapers in the Haredi Judaism, Haredi community. History ''Hamodia'' was founded in 1950 by Rabbi Yehuda Leib Levin, son of the Agudat Israel leader Rabbi Yitzhak-Meir Levin of Warsaw and Jerusalem. Its current director general is Rabbi Chaim Moshe Knopf, and its deputy director general is Knopf's son, Rabbi Elazar Knopf. English-language edition The English-language edition of ''Hamodia'' is published by Levin's daughter, Ruth Lichten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shlomo Zev Zweigenhaft
Shlomo Zev Zweigenhaft (Hebrew: ) was a rabbi and Rosh Hashochtim of Poland (overseeing the country's kosher slaughterers) before the Holocaust. After the Holocaust he was Chief Rabbi of Hanover and Lower Saxony. After emigrating to the United States he was a Rav Hamachshir (kosher certifier) and was described as the "foremost authority on shechita" (kosher slaughter). Early life Family Rabbi Zweigenhaft was born in Sosnowiec Poland in 1915. His mother, Michla, was a daughter of Meir Dovid Reinhertz, a Rabbi who was a son of the Rabbi of Yanov and a grandson of the Rabbi of Przedbórz. Zweigenhaft's father, Rabbi Moshe Chaim, was a shochet (kosher slaughterer) and a student of Avrohom Bornsztain. Zweigenhaft was orphaned at the age of two and was raised by his paternal grandfather, Efraim Mordechai Mottel Zweigenhaft, who was a posek and shochet in Sosnowiec and a descendant of David HaLevi Segal and Joel Sirkis. Education Rabbi Zweigenhaft studied at a Radomsker cheder i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sejm (other)
The Sejm of the Republic of Poland (; Polish: ''Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej'') is the lower house of the Polish parliament. Its name comes from what was once a generic Polish word for a political gathering. It is also used to refer to historical diets or assemblies. Pre-partition sejms * Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland, 15th–16th centuries * Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1569–1793 * Sejm of Four Lands, or Council of Four Lands (''Sejm Czterech Ziem'', ''Va'ad Arba' Aratzot''), central Jewish authority in Poland, 1580–1764 Types of sessions * Confederated sejm (''sejm skonfederowany''), a form of sejm where decisions were made by the majority of deputy votes cast * Convocation sejm (''sejm konwokacyjny''), part of the process of royal elections in which candidates were put forward and rules of election established * Coronation sejm (''sejm koronacyjny''), the first sejm convened by a newly crowned king * Election sejm (''sejm elekcyjny''), the election ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
