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University Of Tartu Old Observatory
University of Tartu Old Observatory or Tartu Old Observatory ( et, Tartu Tähetorn) is an observatory in Tartu, Estonia. Tartu Observatory was an active observatory from 1810 to 1964. The building now serves as a museum and belongs to the University of Tartu Museum. History Construction of the observatory started in 1808. While it was completed in 1810, setting up the necessary instruments took a few years more. The last of them was the Fraunhofer ''Great Dorpat Refractor'', that was the largest refracting telescope at the time and was constructed in 1824. It has been titled as "the first modern, achromatic, refracting telescope". Since 1813, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve worked there and in 1820 he became a professor and director of the observatory. He studied double stars and was the first to measure the exact distance to a star, Vega. He also created the Struve Geodetic Arc, that is now enlisted as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Tartu Old Observatory was the first m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tartu Asv2022-04 Img06 Old Observatory
Tartu is the second largest city in Estonia after the Northern European country's political and financial capital, Tallinn. Tartu has a population of 91,407 (as of 2021). It is southeast of Tallinn and 245 kilometres (152 miles) northeast of Riga, Latvia. Tartu lies on the Emajõgi river, which connects the two largest lakes in Estonia, Lake Võrtsjärv and Lake Peipus. From the 13th century until the end of the 19th century, Tartu was known in most of the world by variants of its historical name Dorpat. Tartu, the largest urban centre of southern Estonia, is often considered the "intellectual capital city" of the country, especially as it is home to the nation's oldest and most renowned university, the University of Tartu (founded in 1632). Tartu also houses the Supreme Court of Estonia, the Ministry of Education and Research, the Estonian National Museum, and the oldest Estonian-language theatre, Vanemuine. It is also the birthplace of the Estonian Song Festivals. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulkovo Observatory
The Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory (russian: Пулковская астрономическая обсерватория, Pulkovskaya astronomicheskaya observatoriya), officially named the Central Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences at Pulkovo, is the principal astronomical observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is located 19 km south of Saint Petersburg on Pulkovo Heights above sea level. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments. It was formerly known as the Imperial Observatory at Pulkowo. Early years The observatory was opened in 1839. Originally, it was a brainchild of the German/Russian astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve, who would become its first director (in 1861, his son Otto Wilhelm von Struve succeeded him). The architect was Alexander Bryullov. The observatory was equipped with state-of-the-art devices, one of them being the a aperture ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupation Of The Baltic States
The Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were invaded and occupied in June 1940 by the Soviet Union, under the leadership of Stalin and auspices of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact that had been signed between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in August 1939, immediately before the outbreak of World War II. The three countries were then annexed into the Soviet Union (formally as "constituent republics") in August 1940. The United States and most other Western countries never recognised this incorporation, considering it illegal. On 22 June 1941, Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union and within weeks occupied the Baltic territories. In July 1941, the Third Reich incorporated the Baltic territory into its ''Reichskommissariat Ostland''. As a result of the Red Army's Baltic Offensive of 1944, the Soviet Union recaptured most of the Baltic states and trapped the remaining German forces in the Courland pocket until their formal surrender in May 1945. Latvian plenipotenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oort Cloud
The Oort cloud (), sometimes called the Öpik–Oort cloud, first described in 1950 by the Dutch astronomer Jan Oort, is a theoretical concept of a cloud of predominantly icy planetesimals proposed to surround the Sun at distances ranging from 2,000 to 200,000 AU (0.03 to 3.2 light-years).The Oort cloud's outer limit is difficult to define as it varies over the millennia as different stars pass the Sun and thus is subject to variation. Estimates of its distance range from 50,000 to 200,000 au. It is divided into two regions: a disc-shaped inner Oort cloud (or Hills cloud) and a spherical outer Oort cloud. Both regions lie beyond the heliosphere and are in interstellar space. The Kuiper belt, the scattered disc and the detached objects, the other three reservoirs of trans-Neptunian objects, are less than one thousandth as far from the Sun as the Oort cloud. The outer limit of the Oort cloud defines the cosmographic boundary of the Solar System and the extent of the Sun' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solar System
The Solar System Capitalization of the name varies. The International Astronomical Union, the authoritative body regarding astronomical nomenclature, specifies capitalizing the names of all individual astronomical objects but uses mixed "Solar System" and "solar system" structures in theinaming guidelines document. The name is commonly rendered in lower case ('solar system'), as, for example, in the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' an''Merriam-Webster's 11th Collegiate Dictionary''. is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it. It formed 4.6 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud. The vast majority (99.86%) of the system's mass is in the Sun, with most of the remaining mass contained in the planet Jupiter. The four inner system planets— Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars—are terrestrial planets, being composed primarily of rock and metal. The four giant planets of the outer system are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andromeda Galaxy
The Andromeda Galaxy (IPA: ), also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224 and originally the Andromeda Nebula, is a barred spiral galaxy with the diameter of about approximately from Earth and the nearest large galaxy to the Milky Way. The galaxy's name stems from the area of Earth's sky in which it appears, the constellation of Andromeda, which itself is named after the princess who was the wife of Perseus in Greek mythology. The virial mass of the Andromeda Galaxy is of the same order of magnitude as that of the Milky Way, at . The mass of either galaxy is difficult to estimate with any accuracy, but it was long thought that the Andromeda Galaxy is more massive than the Milky Way by a margin of some 25% to 50%. This has been called into question by a 2018 study that cited a lower estimate on the mass of the Andromeda Galaxy, combined with preliminary reports on a 2019 study estimating a higher mass of the Milky Way. The Andromeda Galaxy has a diameter of about , making it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernst Öpik
Ernst Julius Öpik ( – 10 September 1985) was an Estonian astronomer and astrophysicist who spent the second half of his career (1948–1981) at the Armagh Observatory in Northern Ireland. Education Öpik was born in Kunda, Lääne-Viru, Governorate of Estonia, then a part of the Russian Empire. He went to the University of Moscow to specialize in the study of minor bodies, such as asteroids, comets, and meteors. He completed his doctorate at the University of Tartu. Astronomical work In 1916 Öpik published an article in the ''Astrophysical Journal'', in which he estimated the densities of visual binary stars. In his sample was ο2 Eridani B, a white dwarf star. Öpik determined its density as 25,000 times the density of the Sun but concluded that the result is impossible. In 1922, Ernst Öpik published a paper in which he estimated the distance of the Andromeda Galaxy. He determined the distance using a novel astrophysical method based on the observed rotational veloci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taavet Rootsmäe
Taavet Rootsmäe (until 1936 David Rootsman; 27 June 1885 Tartu County – 27 June 1959 Tartu) was an Estonian astronomer. In 1913 he graduated from Tartu University. Since 1919 he taught at Tartu University (was a professor). From 1919 to 1948 he was the first head of University of Tartu Old Observatory. His main fields of research were stellar astronomy, theoretical astronomy, and celestial mechanics. With Ernst Öpik Ernst Julius Öpik ( – 10 September 1985) was an Estonian astronomer and astrophysicist who spent the second half of his career (1948–1981) at the Armagh Observatory in Northern Ireland. Education Öpik was born in Kunda, Lääne-Viru, Go ..., he is considered the founder of Estonian astronomy school. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Rootsmae, Taavet 1885 births 1959 deaths Estonian astronomers 20th-century Estonian people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konstantin Pokrovsky
Konstantin Dorimedontovich Pokrovsky (11 (23) May 1868, Nizhny Novgorod — 5 November 1944, Kiev) was a Soviet astronomer, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, and Professor. He was a rector of the Perm Branch of the Imperial Petrograd University (1916–1917), and the first rector of Perm State University (1917–1918). Biography Konstantin Dorimedontovich Pokrovsky''Pokrovsky K. D.'' Biography // Pages of the history of astronomy in Odessa. - Odessa, 1994. was born on the 11th (23rd) of May, 1868, in Nizhny Novgorod into the family of a priest. He graduated from Nizhny Novgorod men's gymnasium. In 1891 he graduated from the Mathematical Department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of the Imperial Moscow University with a 1st degree diploma. From 1890 to 1895, he was the head of the public Private Observatory of the F. Shvabe in Moscow. In 1896, he was appointed to the position of a practicing astronomer at Yuriev University. He was a me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seismology
Seismology (; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (''seismós'') meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (''-logía'') meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies. It also includes studies of earthquake environmental effects such as tsunamis as well as diverse seismic sources such as volcanic, tectonic, glacial, fluvial, oceanic, atmospheric, and artificial processes such as explosions. A related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes is paleoseismology. A recording of Earth motion as a function of time is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who does research in seismology. History Scholarly interest in earthquakes can be traced back to antiquity. Early speculations on the natural causes of earthquakes were included in the writings of Thales of Miletus (c. 585 BCE), Anaximenes of Miletus (c. 550 BCE), Aristotle (c. 340 BCE), and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grigori Levitsky
Grigori Levitski (27 October 1852 Kharkiv – 26 October 1918 St. Petersburg) was a Russian astronomer. In 1879 he graduated from St. Petersburg University. In 1880s he worked at Pulkovo Observatory. 1894-1908 he was the head of Tartu Observatory. 1901-1905 he was the president of Estonian Naturalists' Society. 1903-1905 he was the rector of Tartu University The University of Tartu (UT; et, Tartu Ülikool; la, Universitas Tartuensis) is a university in the city of Tartu in Estonia. It is the national university of Estonia. It is the only classical university in the country, and also its biggest .... From 1915 he was the chairman of Russian Astronomical Society. Works * The Histories of the Observatories of Kharkov and Tartu (1894, 1899) * The Lexicon of Professors of Tartu University (1902-1903) References {{DEFAULTSORT:Levitski, Grigori 1852 births 1918 deaths Russian astronomers Scientists from Kharkiv Academic staff of the University of Tartu Rectors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Carl Ludwig Schwarz
Peter Carl Ludwig Schwarz ( Julian, O.S.: 23 May 1822, Danzig- Gdańsk – 17 September 1894; Gregorian, N.S.: 4 June 1822 - 29 September 1894,''Observatory'' (1894), p. 376. St. George's?; Buried: Tartu) (referred to mostly as Ludwig Schwarz), was a Baltic German astronomerAmur catalog entry of 2 maps. of Imperial Russia, explorer, and professor of astronomy at the University of Dorpat honored with the Konstantin MedalThe Konstantin Medal is named after Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia, the first chairman of the Russian Geographical Society. of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society.Tartu Observatory profile re Schwarz, website. Schwarz also was a recipient of the Demidov PrizeThe Demidov Medal/Demidov Prize was an influencing forerunner to the Nobel Prize. of the Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg in 1865 for his work in geodesy. Palaeoarctic Siberian Asia Expeditions Following assignment by Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve as a field expedition astr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
