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Tmesipteris Tannensis
''Tmesipteris tannensis'' is a fern ally endemic to New Zealand. It is usually epiphytic on trees and tree ferns, but is occasionally terrestrial. An example of occurrence of ''T. tannensis'' within a tiered phytocoenosis is in Central Westland of South Island, New Zealand. These forests are the most extensive continuous podocarp/broadleaf forests in New Zealand. The overstory includes miro, rimu and mountain totara. The mid-story includes tree ferns such as ''Cyathea smithii'' and '' Dicksonia squarrosa'', whilst the lowest tier and epiphytic associates include ''Asplenium polyodon'', ''Astelia solandri'' and ''Blechnum discolor ''Lomaria discolor'', synonym ''Blechnum discolor'', commonly called crown fern (Māori: piupiu), is a species of fern in the family Blechnaceae. This species is endemic to New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country i ...'' along with ''T. tannensis''.C. Michael Hogan. 2009 References Sources * * C. Michael Hogan. 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spreng (1766–1833), German botanist and physician
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Spreng may refer to: * 30 cm Wurfkörper 42 Spreng, a rocket * Sebastian Spreng (born 1956), Argentine-born American visual artist and music journalist *Liselotte Spreng (1912–1992), Swiss women's rights activist *''Spreng.'', taxonomic author abbreviation of Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel (3 August 1766 – 15 March 1833) was a German botanist and physician who published an influential multivolume history of medicine, ''Versuch einer pragmatischen Geschichte der Arzneikunde'' (1792–99 in four vo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Broadleaf Forest
A forest is an area of land dominated by trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological function. The United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defines a forest as, "Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds ''in situ''. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban use." Using this definition, '' Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020'' (FRA 2020) found that forests covered , or approximately 31 percent of the world's land area in 2020. Forests are the predominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are found around the globe. More than half of the world's forests are found in only five countries (Brazil, Canada, China, Russia, and the United States). The largest share of forests (45 percent) are in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilotaceae
Psilotaceae is a family of ferns (class Polypodiopsida) consisting of two genera, ''Psilotum'' and ''Tmesipteris'' with about a dozen species. It is the only family in the order Psilotales. Description Once thought to be descendants of early vascular plants (the Psilophyta of the Devonian period), Psilotaceae have been shown by molecular phylogenetics to be ferns (Polypodiopsida), and a sister group of the Ophioglossaceae. The family contains two genera, ''Psilotum'' and ''Tmesipteris''. The first genus, ''Psilotum'', consists of small shrubby plants of the dry tropics commonly known as "whisk ferns". The other genus, ''Tmesipteris'', is an epiphyte found in Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia. All members of Psilotaceae are vascular plants without any true roots. Rather, the plants are anchored by an underground system of rhizomes. The small, stem-like gametophytes of Psilotaceae are located in this rhizome system, and they aid in a plant's nutrient absorption through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blechnum Discolor
''Lomaria discolor'', synonym ''Blechnum discolor'', commonly called crown fern (Māori: piupiu), is a species of fern in the family Blechnaceae. This species is endemic to New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count .... As noted by C. Michael Hogan, this species is found in a number of forest communities in diverse locations within New Zealand, and is sometimes a dominant understory component. Spores are produced on specialised fronds. These are more erect, with a dark and shrivelled look.Andrew Crowe (1994). ''Which Native Fern?'', p. 39. Auckland: Viking. . References * C. Michael Hogan. 2009''Crown Fern: Blechnum discolor'', Globaltwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg* Primitive Plants. 2009 Blechnaceae Ferns of New Zealand {{Polypodiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astelia Solandri
''Astelia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the recently named family Asteliaceae. They are rhizomatous tufted perennials native to various islands in the Pacific, Indian, and South Atlantic Oceans, as well as to Australia and to the southernmost tip of South America. A significant number of the known species are endemic to New Zealand., search for "Astelia" The species generally grow in forests, swamps and amongst low alpine vegetation; occasionally they are epiphytic. Species The genus is divided into a number of subgenera and these are further divided into sections. These contain the following species: * subgenus ''Astelia'' ** section ''Astelia'' *** ''Astelia alpina'' R.Br. - Pineapple Grass, Silver Astelia, native to eastern Australia **** ''Astelia alpina'' var. ''alpina'' **** ''Astelia alpina'' var. ''novae-hollandiae'' Skottsb. *** '' Astelia papuana'' Skottsb.- native to New Guinea *** '' Astelia linearis'' Hook.f.- native to North and South Islands of New Zea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asplenium Polyodon
''Asplenium polyodon'', commonly known as sickle spleenwort, is a species of fern in the family Aspleniaceae. The distribution of ''A. polyodon'' includes parts of the countries of Australia and New Zealand. A specific locale of occurrence is in forested areas of Westland, New Zealand, where associate understory species include crown fern.C. Michael Hogan. 2009 References * Gwen J. Harden. 1992. ''Flora of New South Wales'', Published by UNSW Press, 775 pages , * C. Michael Hogan. 2009''Crown Fern: Blechnum discolor'', Globaltwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg Line notes polyodon The American paddlefish (''Polyodon spathula,'' also known as a Mississippi paddlefish, spoon-billed cat, or spoonbill) is a species of ray-finned fish. It is the only extant taxon, living species of paddlefish (Polyodontidae). This family is m ... Ferns of New Zealand Flora of New South Wales Flora of Queensland Flora of Victoria (Australia) {{Polypodiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicksonia Squarrosa
''Dicksonia squarrosa'', the New Zealand tree fern, whekī or rough tree fern, is a common tree fern endemic to New Zealand. It has a slender black trunk that is usually surrounded by many dead brown fronds. Description This species has a fast growth rate of up to a year, growing to about tall. It produces few fronds, all of which sprout in almost horizontal fashion. The fronds reach in length, much smaller than ''Cyathea'' varieties, and are quite crisp to touch. They form a small "umbrella" on top of the trunk. They are sometimes found sprouting from apparently dead pieces of trunk. The trunks are often used for fencing or edging and fronds will sometimes sprout from the side if the top is dead. A feature of the whekī is the spreading underground rhizomes which can create dense groves, making it one of the most common tree ferns in New Zealand forests. The Latin specific epithet ''squarrosa'' means "with curving ends" (referring to the fronds). Human use The whekī is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyathea Smithii
''Alsophila smithii'', synonym ''Cyathea smithii'', commonly known as the soft tree fern or kātote, is a species of tree fern from New Zealand. Distribution and ecology The species' natural distribution covers all major islands of New Zealand: the North and South Islands, Stewart Island/Rakiura, the Chatham Islands, and south to the Auckland Islands. It is common in montane forest, with populations from the southern regions of its range growing in lowland forest. In the Westland forests of South Island, ''A. smithii'' occurs in the understory of certain broadleaf/podocarp forests. Description Katote is an understory tree fern that grows up to 8 m tall but tends not reaching into the canopy as do other iconic members of this genus. It grows slowly and is not a strong competitor except at higher altitudes. Like related tree ferns, it has rough scales along its rachis and trunk. A distinctive feature is the retention of dead fronds as a skirt. The skirt is not the whole ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podocarpus Laetus
''Podocarpus laetus'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae, commonly known as Hall's tōtara, mountain tōtara or thin-barked tōtara. Previously known as ''Podocarpus hallii'' and ''Podocarpus cunninghamii'', in 2015 it was realised that the much earlier name ''P. laetus'' has priority. Its common name results from the species being named after J. W. Hall, a New Zealand pharmacist. It is found only in New Zealand. It can be found growing in both montane and subalpine forests but less common in lowland forests. ''P. laetus'' is distinguished from the more widely known lowland tōtara ''Podocarpus totara'' (; from the Maori-language ; the spelling "totara" is also common in English) is a species of podocarp tree endemic to New Zealand. It grows throughout the North Island and northeastern South Island in lowland, montane a ... by its thinner bark, longer juvenile leaves and distribution at higher altitudes. References laetus Trees of New Zealan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rimu
''Dacrydium cupressinum'', commonly known as rimu, is a large evergreen coniferous tree endemic to the forests of New Zealand. It is a member of the southern conifer group, the podocarps. The Māori name ''rimu'' comes from the Polynesian term ''limu'' which the tree's foliage were reminded of, ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *''limut'' meaning "moss". The former name "red pine" has fallen out of common use. Distribution Rimu grows throughout New Zealand, in the North Island, South Island and Stewart Island/Rakiura. This species is common in lowland and montane forest. Although the largest concentration of trees is now found on the West Coast of the South Island, the biggest trees tend to be in mixed podocarp forest near Taupō (e.g., Pureora, Waihaha, and Whirinaki Forests). A typical North Island habitat is in the Hamilton Ecological District, where '' Fuscospora truncata'' and rimu form the overstory. Associate ferns on the forest floor are ''Blechnum discolor'', ''B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prumnopitys Ferruginea
''Prumnopitys ferruginea'', commonly called miro, is an evergreen coniferous tree which is endemic to New Zealand. Before the genus ''Prumnopitys'' was distinguished, it was treated in the related genus ''Podocarpus'' as ''Podocarpus ferrugineus''. It grows up to 25 m high, with a trunk up to 1.3 m diameter. The leaves are linear to sickle-shaped, 15–25 mm long and 2–3 mm broad, with downcurved margins. The plants are dioecious with pollen cones being solitary while those of female plants hang from a curved, scaly stalk. The seed cones are highly modified, reduced to a central stem 2–3 cm long bearing 1-3 scales, each scale maturing berry-like, oval, about 20 mm long and 10–15 mm broad, red to purple-red with a soft edible pulp covering the single seed. The seeds are dispersed by the New Zealand pigeon, which eats the very conspicuous 'berries' and passes the seeds in its droppings. It is found growing on both lowland terrain and on hill slopes t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podocarp
Podocarpaceae is a large family of mainly Southern Hemisphere conifers, known in English as podocarps, comprising about 156 species of evergreen trees and shrubs.James E. Eckenwalder. 2009. ''Conifers of the World''. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. . It contains 19 genera if ''Phyllocladus'' is included and ''Manoao'' and ''Sundacarpus'' are recognized. The family is a classic member of the Antarctic flora, with its main centres of diversity in Australasia, particularly New Caledonia, Tasmania, and New Zealand, and to a slightly lesser extent Malesia and South America (primarily in the Andes Mountains). Several genera extend north of the equator into Indochina and the Philippines. ''Podocarpus'' reaches as far north as southern Japan and southern China in Asia, and Mexico in the Americas, and ''Nageia'' into southern China and southern India. Two genera also occur in sub-Saharan Africa, the widespread ''Podocarpus'' and the endemic ''Afrocarpus''. ''Parasitaxus usta'' is unique ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
