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Timoric Languages
The Timoric languages are a group of Austronesian languages (belonging to the Central–Eastern subgroup) spoken on the islands of Timor, neighboring Wetar, and (depending on the classification) Southwest Maluku to the east. Within the group, the languages with the most speakers are Uab Meto of West Timor, Indonesia and Tetum of East Timor, each with about half a million speakers, though in addition Tetum is an official language and a lingua franca among non-Tetum East Timorese. Languages Hull (1998) & van Engelenhoven (2009) Geoffrey Hull (1998) proposes a Timoric group as follows: *Timoric A ("Extra-Ramelaic", Fabronic; whatever is not Ramelaic) **West: Dawan (Uab Meto)– Amarasi, Helong, Roti ( Bilba, Dengka, Lole, Ringgou, Dela-Oenale, Termanu, Tii) **Central: Tetun, Bekais, Habu **North: Wetar, Galoli **East: Kairui, Waimaha, Midiki, Naueti *Timoric B ("Ramelaic", near the Ramelau range) **West: Kemak, Tukudede **Central: Mambai **East (Idalaka): ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 275 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia is a presidential republic with an elected legislature. It has 38 provinces, of which nine have special status. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the world's second-most populous urban area. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naueti Language
Naueti (also written as Nauoti, Nauete and Nauweti but ultimately from Naueti nau eti 'now') is an Austronesian language spoken by 15,045 (census 2010) in the subdistricts of Uato-Lari, Uatucarbau and Baguia in southeastern East Timor. 1,062 Naueti are living in Baguia. It is closely related to Waima'a, Kairui and Midiki, three other Austronesian languages spoken on Timor. The Australian linguist Geoffrey Hull coined the acronym Kawaimina to refer to them as a dialect continuum but it is preferable to understand them as separate languages. The Dutch linguist Aone Van Engelenhoven applies the label Eastern Extra-Ramelaic languages. Structurally, it is a highly isolating Malayo-Polynesian language. However, its vocabulary is to some extent Papuan, due to contact with Makasae, which surrounds and cohabits with Naueti. There exist at least two dialects of Naueti, the Uatolari and the Uatocarbau-Baguia Naueti, the latter being distinguishable through some vocabulary but also throu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Midiki Language
Waimoa or Waimaa is a spoken by about 18,467 (2010 census) people in northeast East Timor. Waimoa proper is reported to be mutually intelligible with neighboring Kairui and Midiki, with 5,000 speakers total. The classification of Waimoa is unclear. Structurally, it is Malayo-Polynesian. However, its vocabulary is largely Papuan, similar to that of Makasae. Although generally classified as Austronesian languages or dialects that have been largely relexified under the influence of a language related to Makasae, it is possible that Waimoa, Kairui, and Midiki are instead Papuan languages related to Makasae which have been influenced by Austronesian. Phonology Similarly to other Austronesian languages of the region, Waimoa has aspirated/voiceless and glottalized/ejective consonants, which are distributed like and consonant clusters (or perhaps and ) but are often pronounced as single segments.Kirsten Culhane (2021) Waimaa consonants: phonology and typological position in Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waimoa Language
Waimoa or Waimaa is a spoken by about 18,467 (2010 census) people in northeast East Timor. Waimoa proper is reported to be mutually intelligible with neighboring Kairui and Midiki, with 5,000 speakers total. The classification of Waimoa is unclear. Structurally, it is Malayo-Polynesian. However, its vocabulary is largely Papuan, similar to that of Makasae. Although generally classified as Austronesian languages or dialects that have been largely relexified under the influence of a language related to Makasae, it is possible that Waimoa, Kairui, and Midiki are instead Papuan languages related to Makasae which have been influenced by Austronesian. Phonology Similarly to other Austronesian languages of the region, Waimoa has aspirated/voiceless and glottalized/ejective consonants, which are distributed like and consonant clusters (or perhaps and ) but are often pronounced as single segments.Kirsten Culhane (2021) Waimaa consonants: phonology and typological position in Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kairui Language
Waimoa or Waimaa is a spoken by about 18,467 (2010 census) people in northeast East Timor. Waimoa proper is reported to be mutually intelligible with neighboring Kairui and Midiki, with 5,000 speakers total. The classification of Waimoa is unclear. Structurally, it is Malayo-Polynesian. However, its vocabulary is largely Papuan, similar to that of Makasae. Although generally classified as Austronesian languages or dialects that have been largely relexified under the influence of a language related to Makasae, it is possible that Waimoa, Kairui, and Midiki are instead Papuan languages related to Makasae which have been influenced by Austronesian. Phonology Similarly to other Austronesian languages of the region, Waimoa has aspirated/voiceless and glottalized/ejective consonants, which are distributed like and consonant clusters (or perhaps and ) but are often pronounced as single segments.Kirsten Culhane (2021) Waimaa consonants: phonology and typological position in Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galoli Language
The Galoli, or Galolen, are a people of East Timor with a population of about 50,000, primarily along the northern coast of the district of Manatuto. To the west lies the Mambai people. There is an old colony on the southern coast of Wetar island, the Talo, who speak the Talur dialect. Their language, also known as Galoli, is one of the Timor–Babar group of Austronesian languages. It is one of the national languages designated by the constitution of East Timor. Because the area was used as a trading center for different cultures, there are many foreign loan words in the vocabulary, principally from Moluccan and Malay languages. Although it is not spoken by as many people as other national languages, it was adopted by the Roman Catholic Church in the district of Manatuto and thus has become fixed in grammars and dictionaries. ''Dadu'a'' is erroneously listed in some sources as a dialect of Galoli (e.gGlottolog, but actually represents a transplanted population of the Atauro d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wetar Language
Wetarese is an Austronesian language of Wetar, an island in the south Maluku, Indonesia, and of the nearby islands Liran and Atauro, the latter island separate from the mainland of East Timor, north of Dili. Background The four identified principal varieties of Wetarese on Wetar – Aputai, Iliʼuun, Parai and Tugun – are distinct enough that some may consider them to be different languages. Half of Wetarese speakers live on the island of Atauro in East Timor, where three closely related dialects (presumably of Iliuun) are spoken: 'Rahesuk' (''Rasua'') in the center, 'Resuk' (''Hresuk'') in the southeast, and 'Adabe' (''Raklungu'') in the southwest. ''Dadua'' in the extreme north is a subdialect of Rahesuk, and has been reported to be intelligible with the Iliuun of Liran Island. About half the Dadua population has moved to Timor, on the coast of Manatuto district, where it has undergone influence from Galoli. Wetarese is closely related to Galoli, spoken on the nor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habu Language
Habu (Habun) is a language spoken in central East Timor. The classification of Habu is unclear. Structurally, it is Malayo-Polynesian. However, its vocabulary is largely Papuan, similar to that of Makasae Makasae (also known as Makassai, Macassai, Ma'asae, Makasai) is a Papuan language spoken by about 100,000 people in the eastern part of East Timor, in the districts of Baucau and Viqueque, just to the west of Fataluku. It is the most widely spok .... References Languages of East Timor Timor–Babar languages {{austronesian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bekais Language
Welaun (also known as Bekais or Wekais) is an Austronesian language spoken on the border of East Timor and West Timor (a part of Indonesia). It is closely related to Tetun , nativename=Tetun , states= Indonesia East Timor , speakers=, mostly in Indonesia , date=2010–2011 , ref=e18 , speakers2=50,000 L2-speakers in Indonesia and East Timor , familycolor=Austronesian , fam2=Malayo-Polynesian , fam3= Central–East .... Previous studies Welaun was documented by Hull (2003) and Edwards (2019). Edwards (2019) estimates a speaker population of 5,575.Edwards, Owen (2019). Reintroducing Welaun. ''Oceanic Linguistics'', Volume 58, Number 1, June 2019, pp. 31-58. A dictionary of Welaun has been written by da Silva (2012).da Silva, Eng. Guilherme ‘Puru-Berliku’. 2012. ''Disionáriu Wekais-Tetun''. Dili: Secretaria de Estado da Cultura. Phonology It has five vowels: /i e a o u/ References Timor–Babar languages Languages of East Timor Languages of Indonesia Malu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetun Language
, nativename=Tetun , states= Indonesia East Timor , speakers=, mostly in Indonesia , date=2010–2011 , ref=e18 , speakers2=50,000 L2-speakers in Indonesia and East Timor , familycolor=Austronesian , fam2=Malayo-Polynesian , fam3= Central–Eastern , fam4= Timor–Babar , fam5=Tetumic , dia1=Belunese (''Tetun Belu'') , dia2=Terik (''Tetun Terik'') , nation= , minority= ( East Nusa Tenggara) , iso2=tet , iso3=tet , glotto=tetu1245 , glottorefname=Tetum , map=Tetum Terik.png , mapcaption=Distribution in East Timor of ''Tetum Belu'' (west) and ''Tetum Terik'' (southeast). The majority of Tetun speakers, who live in West Timor, are not shown. , nativename=''Tetun Dili, Tetun Prasa'' , states=East Timor , speakers= , date=2009 , ref= , speakers2 = L2: in East Timor , familycolor=Austronesian , fam2=Malayo-Polynesian , fam3= Central–Eastern , fam4= Timoric , fam5= Oceanic , fam6=Tetumic , dia1=Belunese (''Tetun Belu'') , dia2=Terik (''Tetun Terik'') , script=Latin (Tetum alphabe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
