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Tarusa
Tarusa (russian: Тару́са), also known as Tarussa (), is a town and the administrative center of Tarussky District in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Oka River, northeast of Kaluga, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: Etymology The name is from that of the Tarusa River, a tributary of the Oka; ''Tar-'' is a hydronym base characteristic of regions of ancient Baltic settlement.Е. М. Поспелов. "Географические названия мира". Москва, 1998, p. 411. According to a popular belief, the name derives from Tarusa's geohistorical position as a border town to the adjoining realm of Lithuania situated on the bank of the Oka. Questions about travelers' whereabouts from the other bank were answered with the answer ''To—Rus!'', meaning "that is Russia," eventually becoming the name of the town. History Tarusa is known to have existed since 1246, when it was the capital of one of the Upper Oka Prin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarusa River
Tarusa (russian: Тару́са), also known as Tarussa (), is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town and the administrative center of Tarussky District in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Oka River, northeast of Kaluga, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: Etymology The name is from that of the Tarusa River, a tributary of the Oka; ''Tar-'' is a hydronym base characteristic of regions of ancient Baltic settlement.Е. М. Поспелов. "Географические названия мира". Москва, 1998, p. 411. According to a popular belief, the name derives from Tarusa's geohistorical position as a border town to the adjoining realm of Lithuania situated on the bank of the Oka. Questions about travelers' whereabouts from the other bank were answered with the answer ''To—Rus!'', meaning "that is Russia," eventually becoming the name of the town. History Tarusa is known to have existed since 1246, when it was t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatoly Marchenko
Anatoly Tikhonovich Marchenko (russian: Анато́лий Ти́хонович Ма́рченко, 23 January 1938 – 8 December 1986) was a Soviet dissident, author, and human rights campaigner, who became one of the first two recipients (along with Nelson Mandela) of the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought of the European Parliament when it was awarded to him posthumously in 1988. Marchenko, originally an apolitical oil driller from a poor background, turned to writing and politics as a result of several episodes of incarceration starting in 1958, during which he began to associate with other dissidents., pg. 17, pg. 25 Marchenko gained international fame in 1969 through his book, ''My Testimony'', an autobiographical account written after his arrival in Moscow in 1966 about his then-recent sentences in Soviet labour camps and prisons., pg. 5 After limited circulation inside the Soviet Union as ''samizdat'', the book caused a sensation in the West after it revealed that t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarussky District
Tarussky District (russian: Тарусский райо́н) is an administrativeCharter of Kaluga Oblast and municipalLaw #369-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an o ... of Tarusa. Population: 15,680 ( 2002 Census); The population of Tarusa accounts for 59.7% of the district's total population. References Notes Sources * * {{Authority control Districts of Kaluga Oblast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaluga Oblast
Kaluga Oblast (russian: Калу́жская о́бласть, translit=Kaluzhskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kaluga. The 2021 Russian Census found a population of 1,069,904. Geography Kaluga Oblast lies in the central part of the East European Plain. The oblast's territory is located between the Central Russian Upland (with and average elevation of above and a maximum elevation of in the southeast), the Smolensk–Moscow Upland and the Dnieper– Desna watershed. Most of the oblast is occupied by plains, fields and forests with diverse flora and fauna. The administrative center is located on the Baryatino-Sukhinichy plain. The western part of the oblast — located within the drift plain — is dominated by the Spas-Demensk ridge. To the south is an outwash plain that is part of the Bryansk-Zhizdra woodlands, with average elevation up to 200 m. From north to south, Kaluga Oblast extends for more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konstantin Paustovsky
Konstantin Georgiyevich Paustovsky ( rus, Константи́н Гео́ргиевич Паусто́вский, p=pəʊˈstofskʲɪj; – 14 July 1968) was a Soviet writer nominated for the Nobel Prize for literature in 1965. Early life Konstantin Paustovsky was born in Moscow. His father was a railroad statistician, and was “an incurable romantic and Protestant”. His mother came from the family of a Polish intellectual. Paustovsky's family were of Zaporozhian Cossack, Turkish and Polish origin. Konstantin grew up in Ukraine, partly in the countryside and partly in Kyiv. He studied in “the First Imperial” classical Gymnasium of Kyiv, where he was the classmate of Mikhail Bulgakov. When he was in the 6th grade his father left the family and he was forced to give private lessons in order to earn a living. In 1912 he entered the faculty of Natural History in University of Kyiv. In 1914 he transferred to the Law faculty of the University of Moscow, but World War I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oka River
The Oka (russian: Ока́, ) is a river in central Russia, the largest right tributary of the Volga. It flows through the regions of Oryol, Tula, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod and is navigable over a large part of its total length, as far upstream as the town of Kaluga. Its length is and its catchment area is .«Река Ока» Russian State Water Registry The Russian capital sits on one of the Oka's tributaries—the Moskva. Name and history The Oka river was the homeland of the Eastern Slavic Vya ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Oka Principalities
In Russian historiography the term Upper Oka Principalities (russian: Верховские княжества - literally: "Upper Principalities") traditionally applies to about a dozen tiny and ephemeral polities situated along the upper course of the Oka River at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries. Nowadays, the areas concerned lie within the bounds of the Tula Oblast and Kaluga Oblast of Russia. Following the Mongol invasion of Russia of 1223-1240, the formerly mighty Principality of Chernigov gradually degenerated to a point where the descendants of Mikhail of Chernigov (c. 1185 – 1246) ruled dozens of quasi-sovereign entities. As the principalities were wedged in between the ever-expanding Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the west and the nascent Grand Duchy of Muscovy to the north, their rulers were constricted to continually fluctuate between these two major powers as buffer states. By the end of the 14th century, they were obliged to pay annual tribute to Lithuania. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Ginzburg
Alexander "Alik" Ilyich Ginzburg ( rus, Алекса́ндр Ильи́ч Ги́нзбург, p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ɨˈlʲjidʑ ˈɡʲinzbʊrk, a=Alyeksandr Il'yich Ginzburg.ru.vorb.oga; 21 November 1936 – 19 July 2002), was a Russian journalist, poet, human rights activist and dissident. Between 1961 and 1969 he was sentenced three times to labor camps. In 1979, Ginzburg was released and expelled to the United States, along with four other political prisoners ( Eduard Kuznetsov, Mark Dymshits, Valentin Moroz, and Georgy Vins) and their families, as part of a prisoner exchange. Biography A nephew of Yevgenia Ginzburg, and semi-orphan, Alexander Ginzburg, was educated in Moscow, and worked as a lathe operator and part time journalist after leaving school, then as an actor, but had to give up acting in 1959, after falling from a third storey window. Dissident work At the end of 1959, Ginzburg issued the USSR's first samizdat literary magazine '' Phoenix'', with Yuri Galansk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Types Of Inhabited Localities In Russia
The classification system of inhabited localities in Russia and some other post- Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared with those in other countries. Classes During the Soviet time, each of the republics of the Soviet Union, including the Russian SFSR, had its own legislative documents dealing with classification of inhabited localities. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the task of developing and maintaining such classification in Russia was delegated to the federal subjects.Articles 71 and 72 of the Constitution of Russia do not name issues of the administrative and territorial structure among the tasks handled on the federal level or jointly with the governments of the federal subjects. As such, all federal subjects pass their own laws establishing the system of the administrative-territorial divisions on their territories. While currently there are certain peculiarities to classifications used in many federal subjects, they are all still largely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tatyana Melnikova
Tatiana (or Tatianna, also romanized as Tatyana, Tatjana, Tatijana, etc.) is a female name of Sabine-Roman origin that became widespread in Eastern Europe. Variations * be, Тацця́на, Tatsiana * bg, Татяна, Tatyana * german: Tatjana * el, Τατιάνα, Tatiána * pl, Tacjana * russian: Татья́на, Tat'yána, Tatiana * sr, Татјана, Tatjana * uk, Тетя́на, Tetyána Origin Tatiana is a feminine, diminutive derivative of the Sabine —and later Latin— name Tatius. King Titus Tatius was the name of a legendary ruler of the Sabines, an Italic tribe living near Rome around the 8th century BC. After the Romans absorbed the Sabines, the name Tatius remained in use in the Roman world, into the first centuries of Christianity, as well as the masculine diminutive Tatianus and its feminine counterpart, Tatiana. While the name later disappeared from Western Europe including Italy, it remained prevalent in the Hellenic world of East ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frida Vigdorova
Frida Abramovna Vigdorova (16 March 1915, Orsha – 7 August 1965) was a Soviet journalist, novelist and writer. She is mostly known for her record of the trial of poet Joseph Brodsky in 1964. Biography Vigdorova graduated from Moscow Pedagogic Institute. She was the author of a number of books on issues in education, including ''Diary of a Russian Schoolteacher'' (1954). She worked as a correspondent for Literaturnaya Gazeta. In 1964, Vigdorova took notes during the trial of poet Joseph Brodsky, convicted for "social parasitism". Compiled without censorship, Frida Vigdorova's account circulated in samizdat Samizdat (russian: самиздат, lit=self-publishing, links=no) was a form of dissident activity across the Eastern Bloc in which individuals reproduced censored and underground makeshift publications, often by hand, and passed the document ... and made its way to the West. Further reading * Alexandra Raskina. Frida Vigdorova’s Transcript of Joseph Brodsky’ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lev Kopelev
Lev Zalmanovich (Zinovyevich) Kopelev (russian: Лев Залма́нович (Зино́вьевич) Ко́пелев, German: Lew Sinowjewitsch Kopelew, 9 April 1912, Kyiv – 18 June 1997, Cologne) was a Soviet author and dissident. Early life Kopelev was born in Kyiv, then Russian Empire, to a middle-class Jewish family. In 1926, his family moved to Kharkiv. While a student at Kharkiv State University's philosophy faculty, Kopelev began writing in Russian and Ukrainian languages; some of his articles were published in the ''Komsomolskaya Pravda'' newspaper. An idealist communist and active party member, he was first arrested in March 1929 for "consorting with the Bukharinist and Trotskyist opposition," and spent ten days in prison. Career Later, he worked as an editor of radio news broadcasts at a locomotive factory. In 1932, as a correspondent, Kopelev witnessed the NKVD's forced grain requisitioning and the dekulakization. Later, he described the Holodomor in his memoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
