|
Täällä Pohjantähden Alla
''Under the North Star'' () is a trilogy published between 1959 and 1962 by Väinö Linna, Finnish author and former soldier who fought in the Continuation War (1941–44). The novel follows the life of a Finnish family from 1880, through the First World War, the Finnish Civil War and the Second World War, to about 1950. Through the lives of ordinary people, it describes the clash of ideals in Finland's language strife and the struggle between the Whites (nationalists) and the Reds (bolsheviks) in the movement to Independence and Civil War. Based on the work, two film adaptations directed by Edvin Laine have been made: the 1968 film ''Here, Beneath the North Star'' (based on the first and second volumes of trilogy) and its 1970 sequel ''Akseli and Elina'' (based on the third and final volume). The novel shares one main character, Akseli Koskela, and covers some of the same events as Linna's 1954 novel: '' The Unknown Soldier'', which is considered the author's magnum o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Väinö Linna
Väinö Linna (; 20 December 1920 – 21 April 1992) was a Finnish author and a former soldier who fought in the Continuation War (1941–44). Linna gained literary fame with his third novel, ''Tuntematon sotilas'' ( ''The Unknown Soldier'', published in 1954), and consolidated his position with the trilogy ''Täällä Pohjantähden alla'' ('' Under the North Star'', published in 1959–1963 and translated into English by Richard Impola). Both have been adapted to a film format on several occasions; ''The Unknown Soldier'' was first adapted into a film in 1955 and ''Under the North Star'' in 1968 as '' Here, Beneath the North Star'', both directed by Edvin Laine. Biography Väinö Linna was born in Urjala in the Pirkanmaa region. He was the seventh child of Viktor (Vihtori) Linna (1874–1928) and Johanna Maria (Maija) Linna (1888–1972). Linna's father, a butcher, died when Linna was only seven years old, thus Linna's mother had to support the entire family by working at a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Here, Beneath The North Star
''Here, Beneath the North Star'' () is a 1968 Finnish drama film directed by Edvin Laine. It was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival. The film is based on the first two volumes of Väinö Linna's novel trilogy '' Under the North Star''. The third volume was adapted into a film two years later under the title '' Akseli and Elina''. Plot The film begins with the founding of the Koskela croft in the 1880s and tells the story of the life of the people of the fictional Pentinkulma village until about 1920. The central theme is the unstable position of crofters and their goal to improve their living conditions. The rural upper class, such as the priestly family, and the poor people, whose socio-economic status is weaker than that of crofters, also play an important role. The story of the film goes all the way to the end of the Finnish Civil War between the Red Guards (Crofters) and the Whites White is a racial classification of people generally used for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heaven
Heaven, or the Heavens, is a common Religious cosmology, religious cosmological or supernatural place where beings such as deity, deities, angels, souls, saints, or Veneration of the dead, venerated ancestors are said to originate, be throne, enthroned, or reside. According to the beliefs of some religions, heavenly beings can descend to Earth or Incarnation, incarnate and earthly beings can ascend to Heaven in the afterlife or, in exceptional cases, enter Heaven Entering heaven alive, without dying. Heaven is often described as a "highest place", the Sacred, holiest place, a paradise, in contrast to Hell or the Underworld or the "low places" and History of Christian universalism, universally or conditionally accessible by earthly beings according to various standards of divinity, good and evil, goodness, piety, faith, or other virtues or orthodoxy, right beliefs or simply Will of God, divine will. Some believe in the possibility of a heaven on Earth in a ''world to come''. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bible
The Bible is a collection of religious texts that are central to Christianity and Judaism, and esteemed in other Abrahamic religions such as Islam. The Bible is an anthology (a compilation of texts of a variety of forms) originally written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Koine Greek. The texts include instructions, stories, poetry, prophecies, and other genres. The collection of materials accepted as part of the Bible by a particular religious tradition or community is called a biblical canon. Believers generally consider it to be a product of divine inspiration, but the way they understand what that means and interpret the text varies. The religious texts were compiled by different religious communities into various official collections. The earliest contained the first five books of the Bible, called the Torah in Hebrew and the Pentateuch (meaning 'five books') in Greek. The second-oldest part was a collection of narrative histories and prophecies (the Nevi'im). The third co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilho Koskela
Vilho Johannes "Ville" Koskela is a fictional character in Väinö Linna's 1954 war novel ''The Unknown Soldier (novel), The Unknown Soldier'' and the Under the North Star trilogy, ''Under the North Star'' trilogy (1959–1962). In ''The Unknown Soldier'', Koskela's military rank is initially that of a sergeant major, but he later rises to lieutenant. According to Väinö Linna, Vilho Koskela's role model was Nilsiä-born Einari Kokkonen. Another officer who provided material for Koskela's character was a lieutenant named Niemelä, who fell in the aftermath of the Battle of Pertjärvi, and whom Linna also valued as a leader. In the literature ''The Unknown Soldier'' Vilho Koskela is an almost 30-year-old sub-lieutenant when the Continuation War breaks out. The soldiers serving under him are more understanding of Koskela than of the other squad leader, Lieutenant Lammio (who later, as an active officer, will succeed Captain Kaarna as company commander). Koskela is quiet, calm a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whites (Finland)
White Finland (officially known simply as Finland) is the name given to the anti-communist Refugee government, refugee and provisional government declared in Grand Duchy of Finland, Finland following the October Revolution. Its forces, known as the Finnish White Guard, Whites (, ; , ), led by Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, fought against the forces of the rival Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic, known as the "Finnish Red Guard, Reds", during the Finnish Civil War in 1918. At the start of the civil war, the Whites controlled the majority of Finland's territory, chiefly its central and northern areas. These were largely rural areas however, and most industrial centres, including the capital of Helsinki, were under Red control, forcing Pehr Evind Svinhufvud's first senate, the senate to relocate to the coastal city of Vaasa. Imperial German support, coupled with a comparatively lacklustre Soviet Russia, Soviet support for the Finnish Reds helped the Finnish Whites ultimately win th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders of Russia, land borders with fourteen countries. Russia is the List of European countries by population, most populous country in Europe and the List of countries and dependencies by population, ninth-most populous country in the world. It is a Urbanization by sovereign state, highly urbanised country, with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow, the List of metropolitan areas in Europe, most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, while Saint Petersburg is its second-largest city and Society and culture in Saint Petersburg, cultural centre. Human settlement on the territory of modern Russia dates back to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist
Socialism is an economic ideology, economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse Economic system, economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. It describes the Economic ideology, economic, Political philosophy, political, and Social theory, social theories and Political movement, movements associated with the implementation of such systems. Social ownership can take various forms, including State ownership, public, Community ownership, community, Collective ownership, collective, cooperative, or Employee stock ownership, employee.: "Just as private ownership defines capitalism, social ownership defines socialism. The essential characteristic of socialism in theory is that it destroys social hierarchies, and therefore leads to a politically and economically egalitarian society. Two closely related consequences follow. First, every individual is entitled to an equal ownership share that earns an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croft (land)
A croft is a traditional Scottish term for a fenced or enclosed area of land, usually small and arable, and usually, but not always, with a crofter's dwelling thereon. A crofter is one who has tenure and use of the land, typically as a tenant farmer, especially in rural areas. In Northern England, ''crofter'' was a term connected with tenant farming and rural employment. For example in the textiles industry; someone who bleached cloth prior to dyeing, laying it out in fields or 'crofts'. Etymology The word ''croft'' is West Germanic in etymology, derived from the Dutch term ''kroft'' or ''krocht'' and the Old English ''croft'' (itself of debated origin), meaning an enclosed field. Today, the term is used most frequently in Scotland, most crofts being in the Highlands and Islands area. Elsewhere the expression is generally archaic. In Scottish Gaelic, it is rendered (, plural ). Legislation in Scotland The Scottish croft is a small agricultural landholding of a type ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Häme Province
The Province of Häme (, ), or Tavastia, was a province of Finland from 1831 to 1997. In 1997 the southern parts with Kanta-Häme, Päijät-Häme was merged with the province of Uusimaa and Kymi into the new province of Southern Finland. The northern part with Pirkanmaa was merged with the provinces of Vaasa, Central Finland, Turku and Pori into the new province of Western Finland. The province corresponds roughly to the current regions of Kanta-Häme, Päijät-Häme and Pirkanmaa. Maps Municipalities in 1997 (cities in bold) * Asikkala * Forssa * Hattula * Hauho * Hausjärvi * Hollola * Humppila * Hämeenkoski * Hämeenkyrö * Hämeenlinna * Ikaalinen * Janakkala * Jokioinen * Juupajoki * Kalvola * Kangasala * Kihniö * Kuhmalahti * Kuorevesi * Kuru * Kylmäkoski * Kärkölä * Lahti * Lammi * Lempäälä * Loppi * Luopioinen * Längelmäki * Mouhijärvi * Mänttä * Nastola * Nokia * Orivesi * Padasjoki * Parkano * Pirkkala * Pälkäne * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoe (tool)
A hoe is an ancient and versatile agricultural and horticultural hand tool used to shape soil, remove weeds, clear soil, and harvest root crops. Shaping the soil includes piling soil around the base of plants ( hilling), digging narrow furrows ( drills) and shallow trenches for planting seeds or bulbs. Weeding with a hoe includes agitating the surface of the soil or cutting foliage from roots, and clearing the soil of old roots and crop residues. Hoes for digging and moving soil are used to harvest root crops such as potatoes. Types There are many kinds of hoes of varied appearances and purposes. Some offer multiple functions, while others have only a singular and specific purpose. There are two general types of hoe: draw hoes for shaping soil, and scuffle hoes for weeding and aerating soil. A draw hoe has a blade set at approximately a right angle to the shaft. The user chops into the ground and then pulls (draws) the blade towards them. Altering the angle of the hand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
