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Two-spotted Bumble Bee
The two-spotted bumble bee (''Bombus bimaculatus'') is a species of social bumble bee found in the eastern half of the United States and the adjacent south-eastern part of Canada. In older literature this bee is often referred to as ''Bremus bimaculatus'', ''Bremus'' being a synonym for ''Bombus''. The bee's common name comes from the two yellow spots on its abdomen. Unlike many of the other species of bee in the genus ''Bombus,'' ''B. bimaculatus'' is not on the decline, but instead is very stable. They are abundant pollinators that forage at a variety of plants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Bombus bimaculatus'' is in the subgenus '' Pyrobombus'', which is closely related to the subgenera '' Alpinobombus'' and '' Bombus'' out of the 15 total. Within '' Pyrobombus'', ''B. bimaculatus'' is most closely related to '' B. monticola, B. sylvicola, and B. lapponicus.'' Additionally, ''B. bimaculatus'' can oftentimes be confused with '' B. impatiens'' and '' B. griseocollis'', as their ...
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Ezra Townsend Cresson
Ezra Townsend Cresson (18 June 1838, in Byberry19 April 1926, in Swarthmore) was an American entomologist who specialized in the Hymenoptera order of insects. He wrote ''Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico'' Philadelphia: Paul C. Stockhausen, Entomological printer (1887) and many other works. Cresson also documented many new species including ''Nomada texana''. In 1859, Cresson founded the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, together with James Ridings and George Newman. The society was later renamed to the American Entomological Society in 1867. Two of his sons, George Bringhurst Cresson (1859–1919) and Ezra Townsend Cresson, Jr. (1876–1948), were also entomologists and members of the American Entomological Society. George B. Cresson was a general naturalist and specialist in ants, and Ezra T. Cresson Jr. was a specialist in Diptera Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δ ...
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Proboscis
A proboscis () is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular arthropod mouthparts, mouthparts used for feeding and sucking. In vertebrates, a proboscis is an elongated nose or snout. Etymology First attested in English in 1609 from Latin , the latinisation (literature), latinisation of the Ancient Greek (), which comes from () 'forth, forward, before' + (), 'to feed, to nourish'. The plural as derived from the Greek is , but in English the plural form ''proboscises'' occurs frequently. Invertebrates The most common usage is to refer to the tubular feeding and sucking organ of certain invertebrates such as insects (e.g., Insect mouthparts#Proboscis, moths, butterflies, and mosquitoes), worms (including Acanthocephala, Nemertea, proboscis worms) and gastropod molluscs. Acanthocephala The Acanthocephala, the thorny-headed worms or spiny-headed worms, are characterized by the pr ...
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Zenobia Pulverulenta 1
Septimia Zenobia (Greek: Ζηνοβία, Palmyrene Aramaic: , ; 240 – c. 274) was a third-century queen of the Palmyrene Empire in Syria. Many legends surround her ancestry; she was probably not a commoner, and she married the ruler of the city, Odaenathus. Her husband became king in 260, elevating Palmyra to supreme power in the Near East by defeating the Sasanian Empire of Persia and stabilizing the Roman East. After Odaenathus' assassination, Zenobia became the regent of her son Vaballathus and held de facto power throughout his reign. In 270, Zenobia launched an invasion that brought most of the Roman East under her sway and culminated with the annexation of Egypt. By mid-271 her realm extended from Ancyra, central Anatolia, to Upper Egypt, although she remained nominally subordinate to Rome. However, in reaction to the campaign of the Roman emperor Aurelian in 272, Zenobia declared her son emperor and assumed the title of empress, thus declaring Palmyra's secession fro ...
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Bombus Fraternus
''Bombus fraternus'' is an endangered species of bumblebee known commonly as the Southern Plains bumblebee.NatureServe. 2015''Bombus fraternus''.NatureServe Explorer Version 7.1. Accessed 4 March 2016. It is native to the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. It is most often encountered in the southern Great Plains and along the Gulf Coastal Plain. This species has been found as far north as New Jersey and North Dakota, and as far south as Florida along the Gulf Coastal Plain into the state of Chihuahua in Mexico. This species was uncommon historically, but having faced declines in population; its estimated abundance is less than 15% of historical numbers.Hatfield, R., et al. 2014''Bombus fraternus''.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 05 March 2016. Taxonomy Bumblebees are members of the genus ''Bombus'' within the insect order Hymenoptera and family Apidae. Bombus fraternus was first described by Frederick Smith in 1854. The southern plains bumble bee ...
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Bombus Perplexus
''Bombus perplexus'' is a species of bumblebee known by the common name confusing bumblebee.Hatfield, R., et al. 2014''Bombus perplexus''.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 09 March 2016.NatureServe. 2015''Bombus perplexus''.NatureServe Explorer Version 7.1. Accessed 9 March 2016. It is native to northern North America, where it occurs across Canada and into the eastern United States. The queen is 1.7 to 2.1 centimeters long and just under a centimeter wide at the abdomen. It is mostly black with areas of pale hairs. The worker female is 1.2 to 1.4 centimeters long and half a centimeter wide. It is hairier than the queen and has more yellow hairs. The abdomen is black and yellow. The male is the same size as the worker. The mandibles have reddish tips. It has white hairs on the head and legs and yellow and white hairs on the thorax.
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Bombus Sandersoni
''Bombus sandersoni'' is a species of bumblebee known commonly as the Sanderson bumblebee.Hatfield, R., et al. 2015''Bombus sandersoni''.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 10 March 2016.NatureServe. 2015''Bombus sandersoni''.NatureServe Explorer Version 7.1. Accessed 10 March 2016. It is native to North America, where it occurs across Canada and in the eastern United States. The queen is 15 to 16 millimeters long and 6 millimeters wide at the abdomen. It is black with pale hairs on the head and yellow on the abdomen. The worker is up to 13 millimeters long and 5 millimeters wide. It is similar to the queen except the tip of the abdomen is black. The male is 10 to 13 millimeters long and 5 to 6 millimeters wide. It has long hairs, yellow on the head and part of the abdomen and black at the end of the abdomen. This bee occurs in maritime Canada, temperate forest, the Canadian Prairies, tundra, and taiga. It lives in and around wooded areas. It feeds on several ...
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Bombus Vagans
The half-black bumblebee (''Bombus vagans'') is a small bumblebee with a wide distribution in North America, its range extending from Ontario to Nova Scotia and southward to Georgia. Description ''Bombus vagans'' is a common species of bumblebee with a medium-length tongue. The head, thorax and first two segments of the abdomen are yellow while the rest of the abdomen is black. The face has a mixture of yellow and black hairs and the thorax is densely clad in shaggy yellow hair except for a smooth central portion which is bare and shiny. The first two abdominal segments bear yellow hairs and the remainder of the abdomen is clad in black hairs. The underside of this bee and the legs are black. Similar species with which it can be confused include ''Bombus sandersoni'' (which is slightly smaller), ''Bombus perplexus'', ''Bombus impatiens'' and ''Bombus affinis''. Behavior This bee comes out from hibernation quite late in the year with the first queens being seen in early May in Ma ...
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Bombus Affinis
''Bombus affinis'', commonly known as the rusty patched bumble bee, is a species of bumblebee endemic to North America. Its historical range in North America has been throughout the east and upper Midwest of the United States, north to Ontario, Canada, where it is considered a "species at risk", east to Quebec, south to Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, and west to the Dakotas. Its numbers have declined in 87% of its historical habitat range.Rusty-patched Bumblebee
, Xerces Society
On January 10, 2017, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service placed ''B. affinis'' on the list of Endangered species#Endangered species in the United States, endangered species, making the rusty patched bumble bee the first bee to be added to the list in the continental United States (seven species of Hylaeus (bee), yellow-faced bees native to ...
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Müllerian Mimicry
Müllerian mimicry is a natural phenomenon in which two or more well-defended species, often foul-tasting and sharing common predators, have come to mimicry, mimic each other's honest signal, honest aposematism, warning signals, to their mutualism (biology), mutual benefit. The benefit to Müllerian mimics is that predators only need one unpleasant encounter with one member of a set of Müllerian mimics, and thereafter avoid all similar coloration, whether or not it belongs to the same species as the initial encounter. It is named after the German Brazilian, German Brazilian naturalist Fritz Müller, who first proposed the concept in 1878, supporting his theory with the first mathematical model of frequency-dependent selection, one of the first such models anywhere in biology. Müllerian mimicry was first identified in tropical butterfly, butterflies that shared colourful wing patterns, but it is found in many groups of insects such as bumblebees, and other animals such as Poiso ...
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Bombyliidae
The Bombyliidae are a family of flies, commonly known as bee flies. Some are colloquially known as bomber flies. Adults generally feed on nectar and pollen, some being important pollinators. Larvae are mostly parasitoids of other insects. Overview The Bombyliidae are a large family of flies comprising hundreds of genera, but the life cycles of most species are poorly known, or not at all. Their size varies between species ranging from 2 mm long to a 40 mm wingspan making them some of the largest flies. When at rest, many species hold their wings at a characteristic "swept back" angle. Adults generally feed on nectar and pollen, some being important pollinators, often with spectacularly long proboscises adapted to plants such as '' Lapeirousia'' species with very long, narrow floral tubes. Unlike butterflies, bee flies hold their proboscis straight, and cannot retract it. Many Bombyliidae superficially resemble bees and accordingly the prevalent common name for a member of the ...
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Botfly
Botflies, also known as warble flies, heel flies, and gadflies, are flies of the family Oestridae. Their larvae are internal parasites of mammals, some species growing in the host's flesh and others within the gut. '' Dermatobia hominis'' is the only species of botfly known to parasitize humans routinely, though other species of flies cause myiasis in humans. General A botfly, also written bot fly, bott fly or bot-fly in various combinations, is any fly in the family Oestridae. Their life cycles vary greatly according to species, but the larvae of all species are internal parasites of mammals. Largely according to species, they also are known variously as warble flies, heel flies, and gadflies. The larvae of some species grow in the flesh of their hosts, while others grow within the hosts' alimentary tracts. The word "bot" in this sense means a maggot. A warble is a skin lump or callus such as might be caused by an ill-fitting harness, or by the presence of a warble fly m ...
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Hoverfly
Hoverflies, also called flower flies or syrphids, make up the insect family Syrphidae. As their common name suggests, they are often seen hovering or nectaring at flowers; the adults of many species feed mainly on nectar and pollen, while the larvae ( maggots) eat a wide range of foods. In some species, the larvae are saprotrophs, specifically detritivores, eating decaying plant and animal matter in the soil or in ponds and streams. In other species, the larvae are insectivores, preying on aphids, thrips, and other plant-sucking insects. Insects such as aphids are considered crop pests, so the aphid-eating larvae of some hoverflies are economically and ecologically important. The larvae are potential agents for use in biological control, while the adults are pollinators. About 6,000 species in 200 genera have been described. Hoverflies are common throughout the world and can be found on all continents except Antarctica. Hoverflies are harmless to most mammals, though many s ...
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