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Tupí Languages
The Tupí or Tupinambá languages (also known as Tupi–Guarani III) are a subgroup of the Tupi–Guarani language family.Dietrich, Wolf. O tronco tupi e as suas famílias de línguas. Classificação e esboço tipológico. In: NOLL, Volker. ''O Português e o Tupi no Brasil''. São Paulo: Editora Contexto, 2010. Languages The Tupi languages are:Rodrigues, Aryon Dall'Igna, and Ana Suelly Arruda Câmara Cabral (2012). "Tupían". In Campbell, Lyle, and Verónica Grondona (eds)''The indigenous languages of South America: a comprehensive guide'' Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. *Old Tupi (lingua franca dialect Tupí Austral) *Tupinambá (dialects: Nheengatu Língua Geral as lingua franca, and Potiguára) * Cocama–Omagua Omagua or low jungle (''selva baja'' or partially '' tierra caliente'') is one of the eightPulgar Vidal, Javier: Geografía del Perú; Las Ocho Regiones Naturales del Perú. Edit. Universo S.A., Lima 1979. First Edition (his dissertation of 1940): ... * Tupinikin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupian Languages
The Tupi or Tupian language family comprises some 70 languages spoken in South America, of which the best known are Tupi proper and Guarani. Homeland and ''urheimat'' Rodrigues (2007) considers the Proto-Tupian urheimat to be somewhere between the Guaporé and Aripuanã rivers, in the Madeira River basin. Much of this area corresponds to the modern-day state of Rondônia, Brazil. Five of the ten Tupian branches are found in this area, as well as some Tupi–Guarani languages (especially Kawahíb), making it the probable urheimat of these languages and maybe of its speaking peoples. Rodrigues believes the Proto-Tupian language dates back to around 3,000 BC. Language contact Tupian languages have extensively influenced many language families in South America. Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Arawa, Bora-Muinane, Guato, Irantxe, Jivaro, Karib, Kayuvava, Mura-Matanawi, Taruma, Trumai, Yanomami, Harakmbet, Katukina-Katawixi, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupi–Guarani Languages
Tupi–Guarani (/tuːˈpiː ɡwɑˈrɑːni/ /ɡwɑˈɾɑ-/; Tupi-Guarani: uˈpi ɡwaɾaˈni ) is the most widely distributed subfamily of the Tupian languages of South America. It consists of about fifty languages, including Guarani and Old Tupi. The most widely spoken in modern times by far is Guarani, which is one of the two official languages of Paraguay. The words '' petunia, jaguar, piranha, ipecac, tapioca, jacaranda, anhinga, carioca'', and ''capoeira'' are of Tupi–Guarani origin. Classification Rodrigues & Cabral (2012) Rodrigues & Cabral (2012) propose eight branches of Tupí–Guaraní: * Tupí–Guaraní ** Guaraní (Group I) ** Guarayu (Group II): Guarayu, Pauserna**, Sirionó (dialects: Yuqui, Jorá**) ** Tupí (Group III): Old Tupi (lingua franca dialect: Tupí Austral), Tupinambá (dialects: Nheengatu, Língua Geral as lingua franca, and Potiguára), Cocama– Omagua*, Tupinikin** ** Tenetehara (Group IV): Akwáwa (dialects: Asurin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupi Language
Old Tupi, Ancient Tupi or Classical Tupi () is a classical Tupian language which was spoken by the indigenous Tupi people of Brazil, mostly those who inhabited coastal regions in South and Southeast Brazil. In the words of Brazilian tupinologist Eduardo Navarro, "it is the classical indigenous language of Brazil, and the one which had the utmost importance to the cultural and spiritual formation of the country". Old Tupi belongs to the Tupi–Guarani language family, and has a written history spanning the 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries. In the early colonial period, Tupi was used as a ''lingua franca'' throughout Brazil by Europeans and Amerindians, and had literary usage, but it was later suppressed almost to extinction. Today, its sole living descendant is the Nheengatu language. As the most important native language of Brazil, it is the origin of most city names of indigenous origin ( Pindamonhangaba, Ubatuba, Botucatu, Jacareí). It also names several plant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupí Austral
The Paulista General Language, also called Southern General Language and Austral Tupi, was a lingua franca and creole language formed in the 16th century, in the Captaincy of São Vicente. Today it is only of historical interest, as it has been a dead language since the beginning of the 20th century. It constituted the southern branch of the Língua Geral. With influence on Brazilian toponymy, the Paulista General Language bequeathed many current Brazilian toponyms, such as Aricanduva, Baquirivu-Guaçu, Batovi, Batuquara, Bicuíba, Biriricas, and others. In 2014, during research at the University of Campinas, a new source of studies for the language was identified. The document, entitled ''Vocabulário Elementar da Língua Geral Brasílica'' (Elementary Vocabulary of the General Brasílica Language), was published in 1936 in the Journal of the Municipal Archive of São Paulo. Although the title mentions the Brasílica language (ancient Tupi), the vocabulary written by José ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nheengatu Language
The Nheengatu or Nenhengatu language (Tupi: , Nheengatu from Rio Negro: , Traditional Nheengatu: , and Tapajoawaran Nheengatu: ), or Nenhengatu, also known as Modern Tupi and Amazonic Tupi, is a Tupi–Guarani languages, Tupi–Guarani language. It is spoken throughout the Rio Negro (Amazon), Rio Negro region among the Baniwa, Baré people, Baré and Warekena peoples, mainly in the municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira and the state of Amazonas (Brazilian state), Amazonas, Brazil. Since 2002, it has been one of the state's official languages, along with Baníwa do Içana language, Baníwa, Yepá-masã, and Portuguese language, Portuguese. Outside of the Rio Negro region, the Nheengatu Language has more dispersed speakers in the Baixo Amazonas region (in the state of Amazonas (Brazilian state), Amazonas), among the Sateré-Mawé, Maraguá and Mura people. There in the Tapajós, Baixo Tapajós and the state of Pará, it is being revitalized by the people of the region, such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Língua Geral
The term General Language () refers to lingua francas that emerged in South America during the 16th and 17th centuries,Rodrigues, Aryon (1996)"As línguas gerais sul-americanas"/ref> the two most prominent being the Paulista General Language, which was spoken in the region of Paulistania but is now extinct, and the Amazonian General Language, whose modern descendant is Nheengatu. Both were simplified versions of the Tupi language, the native language of the Tupi people. Portuguese colonizers arrived in Brazil in the 16th century, and faced with an indigenous population that spoke many languages, they sought a means to establish effective communication among the many groups. The two languages were used in the Jesuit Reductions, the Jesuit missions in Brazil and by early colonists; and came to be used by enslaved Africans and other Indian groups. References Further reading *Campbell, Lyle (1997). ''American Indian Languages: The historical linguistics of Native Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potiguara Language
Potiguara is an extinct Tupi language formerly used by the Potiguara people of Brazil. It is considered by Glottolog to be a dialect of Tupinamba. Vocabulary Potiguára words collected from an elderly male rememberer living in São Francisco, Pernambuco Pernambuco ( , , ) is a States of Brazil, state of Brazil located in the Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast region of the country. With an estimated population of 9.5 million people as of 2024, it is the List of Brazilian states by population, ... by Paul Wagner in 1961: References Tupi–Guarani languages {{tupian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cocama Language
Cocama (Kokáma) is a language spoken by thousands of people in western South America. It is spoken along the banks of the Northeastern lower Ucayali, lower Marañón, and Huallaga rivers and in neighboring areas of Brazil and an isolated area in Colombia. There are three dialects. The robust dialect is known as Cocama, Kokama, Kukama-Kukamiria, Ucayali, Xibitaoan, Huallaga, Pampadeque, and Pandequebo. By 1999, Cocamilla (Kokamíya) was moribund, being only spoken by people over 40. Out of a projected ethnic population of 15,000, the majority of Cocama speakers, 2,000, live in Peru. Remaining speakers live in Amazonas state in Brazil, where 50 out of 411 ethnic Chayahuitas speak it and it is known as Kokama or Kokamilla. Most speakers are trilingual and can also speak Portuguese and Spanish. Very few are monolingual. There are 20 ethnic groups in Colombia's Lower Putumayo area with an unknown number of Cocama-Cocamilla speakers. Most expected speakers would also be trilingual, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omagua Language
Omagua is a Tupi-Guarani language closely related to Cocama, belonging to the Group III subgroup of the Tupí-Guaraní family, according to Aryon Rodrigues' classification of the family. Alternate names for Omagua include: Agua, Anapia, Ariana, Cambeba, Cambeeba, Cambela, Campeba, Canga-Peba, Compeva, Janbeba, Kambeba, Macanipa, Omagua-Yete, Pariana, Umaua, Yhuata. Historical and modern distribution When Europeans first arrived in the western Amazon Basin in significant number in the late 17th and early 18th century, Omagua was spoken by approximately 100,000 individuals in two major areas: along the Amazon River proper, between the mouths of the Napo River and Jutaí River, and in the vicinity of the Aguarico River, a tributary of the upper Napo River. At this time, then, Omagua speakers lived in regions corresponding to modern eastern Peruvian Amazonia, western Brazilian Amazonia, and eastern Ecuadoran Amazonia. These Omagua populations were decimated by disease, Portugues ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupiniquim Language
Tupiniquim (Tupinaki) is a language which was spoken by Tupiniquim people in the Brazilian states of Espírito Santo and Bahia Bahia () is one of the 26 Federative units of Brazil, states of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast Region of the country. It is the fourth-largest Brazilian state by population (after São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Mina ..., and belonged to the Tupi–Guarani language family. It is now extinct. Its former speakers have switched to Portuguese. It went extinct in the 1960s, but has been taught since 2004 as a second language. Only three words of Tupiniquim are known. References Tupi–Guarani languages Extinct languages of South America Tupiniquim people {{Na-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
