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Tsudaqar Language
Tsudaqar (also Tsudakhar, Cudaxar) is a Dargin language, quite different from the literary variety, spoken by over 33,000 people in the Levashinsky and Akushinsky Districts, Novy Kostek in Khasavyurtovsky District, and Novokare in Babayurtovsky District, Dagestan. The village of Tsudakhar was the traditional center. It is considered to be threatened with extinction, being transmitted to children, but not by all families. In modern times, work is underway to revitalize Tsudaqar and create an alphabet for the language. Revival In response to the declining health and use of the language, speakers have revived the usage of the language, as well as studying and preserving it. An orthography for the language was also devised. Lessons for learning Tsudaqar are available online, and there is a YouTube channel ' which promotes Tsudaqar culture, history and life. Phonology Tsudaqar has lost the affricates and . The system of phonemic fortis and lenis In linguistics, ''fortis' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northeast Caucasian Languages
The Northeast Caucasian languages, also called East Caucasian, Nakh-Daghestani or Vainakh-Daghestani, or sometimes Caspian languages (from the Caspian Sea, in contrast to ''Pontic languages'' for the Northwest Caucasian languages), is a language family, family of languages spoken in the Republics of Russia, Russian republics of Dagestan, Chechnya and Ingushetia and in Northern Azerbaijan as well as in Georgia (country), Georgia and diaspora populations in Western Europe and the Middle East. According to Glottolog, there are currently 36 Nakh-Dagestanian languages. Name of the family Several names have been in use for this family. The most common term, ''Northeast Caucasian'', contrasts the three established families of the Caucasian languages: ''Northeast Caucasian'', ''Northwest Caucasian languages, Northwest Caucasian'' (Abkhaz–Adyghean) and ''South Caucasian'' (Kartvelian languages, Kartvelian). This may be shortened to ''East Caucasian''. The term ''Nakh(o)-Dagestanian'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novokare
Novokare (; , ''Beş-yurt'') is a rural locality (a selo) in Babayurtovsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders .... The population was 1,393 as of 2010. There are 23 streets. It was founded in 1954. Geography Novokare is located 26 km east of Babayurt (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tatayurt is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Babayurtovsky District {{Babayurtovsky-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avar–Andic Languages
The Avar–Andic languages form one of the seven main branches of Northeast Caucasian languages, Northeast Caucasian language family. It branches into the Andic languages and the Avar language. The latter, with 800,000 speakers, serves as a literary language for 60,000 speakers of the Andic branch as well as for speakers of the related Tsezic languages, Tsezic (Didoic) languages. The table below shows regional dialects encompassed in the Avar-Andic languages, as well as other language groups in the Northeast Caucasian language family. Included are the Andi language, Andic language, Akhvakh language, Bagvalal language, Botlikh language, Chamalal language, Godoberi language, Karata-Tukita language, Karata language, Tindi language, and Avar language. All Avar–Andic languages are under some degree of lexical influence from Avar, with over 400 separate Avar roots represented in various Andic languages dating from earlier borrowings more universally represented across Andic to modern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fortis And Lenis
In linguistics, ''fortis'' ( ; Latin for 'strong') and ''lenis'' (, ; Latin for 'weak'), sometimes identified with 'tense' and 'lax', are pronunciations of consonants with relatively greater and lesser energy, respectively. English has fortis consonants, such as the ''p'' in ''pat'', with a corresponding lenis consonant, such as the ''b'' in ''bat''. Fortis and lenis consonants may be distinguished by tenseness or other characteristics, such as voicing, aspiration, glottalization, velarization, length, and length of nearby vowels. ''Fortis'' and ''lenis'' were coined for languages where the contrast between sounds such as 'p' and 'b' does not involve voicing (vibration of the vocal cords). History Originally, the terms were used to refer to an impressionistic sense of strength differences, though more sophisticated instruments eventually gave the opportunity to search for the acoustic and articulatory signs. For example, tested whether articulatory strength could be det ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Revitalization
Language revitalization, also referred to as language revival or reversing language shift, is an attempt to halt or reverse the decline of a language or to revive an extinct one. Those involved can include linguists, cultural or community groups, or governments. Some argue for a distinction between language revival (the resurrection of an extinct language with no existing native speakers) and language revitalization (the rescue of a "dying" language). Languages targeted for language revitalization include those whose use and prominence is severely limited. Sometimes various tactics of language revitalization can even be used to try to revive extinct languages. Though the goals of language revitalization vary greatly from case to case, they typically involve attempting to expand the number of speakers and use of a language, or trying to maintain the current level of use to protect the language from extinction or language death. Reasons for revitalization vary: they can incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Threatened Language
In linguistics, language death occurs when a language loses its last native speaker. By extension, language extinction is when the language is no longer known, including by second-language speakers, when it becomes known as an extinct language. A related term is linguicide, the death of a language from natural or political causes. The disappearance of a minor language as a result of the absorption or replacement by a major language is sometimes called "glottophagy". Language death is a process in which the level of a speech community's linguistic competence in their language variety decreases, eventually resulting in no native or fluent speakers of the variety. Language death can affect any language form, including dialects. Language death should not be confused with language attrition (also called language loss), which describes the loss of proficiency in a first language of an individual. In the modern period (–present; following the rise of colonialism), language death ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsudakhar
Tsudakhar (; ) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Tsudakharsky Selsoviet, Levashinsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 1,355 as of 2010. There are 6 streets. Geography Tsudakhar is located 27 km southwest of Levashi (the district's administrative centre) by road, on the Kazikumukhskoye Koysu River. Inkuchimakhi and Karekadani are the nearest rural localities. Nationalities Dargins live there. Famous residents * Kara Karayev (commander of the Dagestan volunteer cavalry squadron) * Magomed-Salam Umakhanov (Soviet and Dagestan political and party doer) * Khabibulla Amirkhanov (Soviet physicist) * Murad Gadzhiev Murad Stanislavovich Gadzhiev (; born 31 July 1961) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 6th State Duma, 6th, 7th State Duma, 7th and 8th State Dumas. In 2000 he was granted a Candidate of Sciences, Candidate of Agricultural Scien ... (Russian political and social doer) * Ruslan Magomedov ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Babayurtovsky District
Babayurtovsky District (; ; ) is an administrativeLaw #16 and municipalLaw #6 district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the northern central part of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a '' selo'') of Babayurt. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 45,701, with the population of Babayurt accounting for 33.3% of that number. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Babayurtovsky District is one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan. The district is divided into seven selsoviet A selsoviet (; , ; ) is the shortened name for Selsky soviet, i.e., rural council (; ; ). It has three closely related meanings: *The administration (''soviet (council), soviet'') of a certain rural area. *The territorial subdivision administered ...s which comprise twenty-two rural localities. As a municipal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khasavyurtovsky District
Khasavyurtovsky District (; ; , ''Xasavürt yaq''; , ''Xasi-Evlan khioşt'') is an administrativeLaw #16 and municipalLaw #6 district (raion), one of the administrative divisions of the Republic of Dagestan, forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Khasavyurt (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 141,232. Administrative and municipal status Within the subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions, framework of administrative divisions, Khasavyurtovsky District is one of the administrative divisions of the Republic of Dagestan, forty-one in the republic. It is divided into thirteen selsoviets, comprising fifty-eight types of inhabited localities in Russia, rural localities. The city of Khasavyurt serves as its adm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dargin Languages
The Dargin languages consist of a dialect continuum of over 60 Northeast Caucasian languages or dialects spoken by the Dargin people in southcentral Dagestan. Kaitag language, Kajtak, Kubachi language, Kubachi, Itsari language, Itsari, Mehweb language, Mehweb and Chirag language, Chirag are often considered dialects of the same Dargwa language, Dargin/Dargwa language. ''Ethnologue'' lists these under a common Dargin language, but also states that these may be separate languages from Dargwa proper. Reasons for classifying the southern group of dialects from the northern group is that speakers of the southern dialects have been reported as treating the literary Aqusha dialect as a foreign language. Due to the linguistic fragmentation of the Dargin languages, speakers use Russian as a lingua franca. Classification The Dargin languages are classified as follows by Koryakov 2021: Dargin ** Northern-central group *** Mehweb language, Mehweb *** Gapshima *** Muira *** Tsudaqar-Usish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novy Kostek
Novy Kostek () is a rural locality (a selo) in Khasavyurtovsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: There are 39 streets. Geography Novy Kostek is located 27 km northeast of Khasavyurt Khasavyurt is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Dagestan, Russia. Population: History It was founded in 1846 and granted town status in 1931. During the Russian Empire, the settlement was the administrative capital of the Khas ... (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kostek is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Khasavyurtovsky District {{Khasavyurtovsky-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akushinsky District
Akushinsky District (; Dargwa: ) is an administrativeLaw #16 and municipalLaw #6 district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a '' selo'') of Akusha. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 52,558, with the population of Akusha accounting for 8.8% of that number. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Akushinsky District is one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan. The district is divided into thirteen selsoviet A selsoviet (; , ; ) is the shortened name for Selsky soviet, i.e., rural council (; ; ). It has three closely related meanings: *The administration (''soviet (council), soviet'') of a certain rural area. *The territorial subdivision administered ...s which comprise eighty rural localities. As a municipal divis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
