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Timor–Alor–Pantar Languages
The Timor–Alor–Pantar (TAP) languages are a language family, family of languages spoken in Timor, Kisar, and the Alor archipelago in Southern Indonesia. It is the westernmost Papuan languages, Papuan language family that survives (see Tambora language, Tambora), and one of two such outlier families in east Nusantara (the other being the North Halmahera languages, North Halmahera family). The first classification attempts linked Timor–Alor–Pantar to North Halmahera, as well as other members of the proposed West Papuan languages, West Papuan phylum. The two families are arguably the only linguistic groups that can be linked to the Papuan families of Melanesia, none of which have demonstrable relatives outside of Oceania. More recent proposals have considered Timor–Alor–Pantar to be part of the Trans-New Guinea languages, Trans–New Guinea phylum. However, Holton and Klamer (2018) classify Timor–Alor–Pantar as an independent language family, as they did not find con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the List of countries and dependencies by area, 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 280 million people, Indonesia is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fourth-most-populous country and the most populous Islam by country, Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia operates as a Presidential system, presidential republic with an elected People's Consultative Assembly, legislature and consists of Provinces of Indonesia, 38 provinces, nine of which have Autonomous administrative divisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alor Island
Alor () is the largest island in the Alor Archipelago and is one of the 92 officially listed outlying islands of Indonesia. It is located at the eastern end of the Lesser Sunda Islands chain that runs through southeastern Indonesia, which from the west include such islands as Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, and Flores. To the east of the island across the Ombai Strait lie the islands of Wetar (in Maluku Province) and Atauro, the latter belonging to East Timor. To the south, across the Strait of Alor, lies the western part of Timor. To the north lies the Banda Sea. To the west lies Pantar and the other islands of the Alor archipelago, and further yet the rest of the Sunda Islands. Alor Island, as well as the rest of its archipelago, is part of East Nusa Tenggara province. Geography Alor has an area of about 2,125 km2, making it the largest island of the Alor archipelago. Kalabahi is the only town on the island of Alor, with an estimated population of 19,210 in mid 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waimoa Language
Waimoa or Waimaa is a language spoken by about 27,000 Waimoa (2015 census) people in northeast East Timor. Waimoa proper is reported to be mutually intelligible with neighboring Kairui and Midiki, which together have about 5,000 speakers. The classification of Waimoa is unclear. Structurally, it is Malayo-Polynesian. However, its vocabulary is largely Papuan, similar to that of Makasae. Although generally classified as Austronesian languages or dialects that have been largely relexified under the influence of a language related to Makasae, it is possible that Waimoa, Kairui, and Midiki are instead Papuan languages related to Makasae which have been influenced by Austronesian. Phonology Waimoa has aspirated/voiceless and glottalized/ejective consonants, which are distributed like and consonant clusters (or perhaps and ) but are often pronounced as single segments.Kirsten Culhane (2021) Waimaa consonants: phonology and typological position in Greater Timor. 15th Inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kairui Language
Kairui-Midiki (also known simply as Midiki or Kairui, or Hoso by its speakers) is a language of East Timor spoken by 18,600 people in 2015, primarily in Venilale Administrative Post in Baucau, parts of the Viqueque Municipality, and suco Kairui (Manatuto Municipality). Kairui-Midiki is closely related to the Waima'a and Naueti languages. These four varieties' level of mutual intelligibility has led some to categorize them as dialects of a single language: Kawaimina Kawaimina (a syllabic abbreviation of the names) is a cluster of four languages and dialects of East Timor: Kairui, Midiki, Waimaha, and Naueti, spoken by one or two thousand speakers each. It is a name used by linguists discussing the lang ....Geoffrey Hull (2004-08-24). "The Languages of East Timor". Macquarie University. Archived from the original on 2008-07-20. Kairui and Midiki were listed separately in the Timor-Leste 2010 Census, but are often considered dialects of a single language, in the literat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kawaimina Languages
Kawaimina (a syllabic abbreviation of the names) is a cluster of four languages and dialects of East Timor: Kairui, Midiki, Waimaha, and Naueti, spoken by one or two thousand speakers each. It is a name used by linguists discussing the languages, not the speakers themselves. The first three are spoken in adjacent areas in the western part of Baucau District, along the north coast. Naueti is used on the south coast of eastern Viqueque District, surrounded by speakers of Makasae and Makalero. Some Midiki speakers near Ossu refer to their language as Osomoko. Classification Geoffrey Hull classifies these as dialects and groups them into a single Kawaimina language, while ''Ethnologue'' groups the varieties into three distinct languages. The Kawaimina languages are members of the eastern Extra-Ramelaic subgroup of Timoric Austronesian languages. While structurally the languages are Malayo-Polynesian, much their vocabulary, particularly that of Naueti, derives from Papu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ASJP
The Automated Similarity Judgment Program (ASJP) is a collaborative project applying computational approaches to comparative linguistics using a database of word lists. The database is open access and consists of 40-item basic-vocabulary lists for well over half of the world's languages. It is continuously being expanded. In addition to isolates and languages of demonstrated genealogical groups, the database includes pidgins, creoles, mixed languages, and constructed languages. Words of the database are transcribed into a simplified standard orthography (ASJPcode). The database has been used to estimate dates at which language families have diverged into daughter languages by a method related to but still different from glottochronology, to determine the homeland (Urheimat) of a proto-language, to investigate sound symbolism, to evaluate different phylogenetic methods, and several other purposes. ASJP is not widely accepted among historical linguists as an adequate method to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matthew Dryer
Matthew S. Dryer is a professor of linguistics at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, State University of New York at Buffalo who has worked in typology, syntax, and language documentation. He is best known for his research on word order correlations, which has been widely cited. He is one of the editors of the World Atlas of Language Structures. His research has also analyzed various definitions of markedness as they may apply to word order. He has done original research on Kutenai language, Kutenai and is currently doing research (in conjunction with Lea Brown) on a number of languages of Papua New Guinea, among them Valman language, Walman. References External linksDryer's web site at Buffalo Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Linguists from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Trans–New Guinea
West is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sun sets on the Earth. Etymology The word "west" is a Germanic word passed into some Romance languages (''ouest'' in French, ''oest'' in Catalan, ''ovest'' in Italian, ''vest'' in Romanian, ''oeste'' in Spanish and Portuguese). As in other languages, the word formation stems from the fact that west is the direction of the setting sun in the evening: 'west' derives from the Indo-European root ''*wes'' reduced from ''*wes-pero'' 'evening, night', cognate with Ancient Greek ἕσπερος hesperos 'evening; evening star; western' and Latin vesper 'evening; west'. Examples of the same formation in other languages include Latin occidens 'west' from occidō 'to go down, to set' and Hebrew מַעֲרָב (maarav) 'west' from עֶרֶב (erev) 'evening'. West is sometimes abbreviated as W. Navigation To go west using a compass for navigati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substratum (linguistics)
In linguistics, a stratum (Latin for 'layer') or strate is a historical layer of language that influences or is influenced by another language through contact. The notion of "strata" was first developed by the Italian linguist Graziadio Isaia Ascoli, and became known in the English-speaking world through the work of two different authors in 1932. Both concepts apply to a situation where an intrusive language establishes itself in the territory of another, typically as the result of migration. Whether the superstratum case (the local language persists and the intrusive language disappears) or the substratum one (the local language disappears and the intrusive language persists) applies will normally only be evident after several generations, during which the intrusive language exists within a diaspora culture. In order for the intrusive language to persist, the ''substratum'' case, the immigrant population will either need to take the position of a political elite or immigrate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Bird's Head Languages
The South Bird's Head or South Doberai languages are three language family, families of Papuan languages. They form part of the Trans–New Guinea languages in the classifications of Malcolm Ross (linguist), Malcolm Ross (2005) and Timothy Usher (2020), though Pawley and Hammarström (2018) do not consider them to be part of Trans–New Guinea. However, according to Matthew Dryer, Dryer (2022), based on a preliminary quantitative analysis of data from the ASJP database, South Bird's Head languages are likely to be a subgroup of Trans–New Guinea. Languages The languages are as follows, * South Bird's Head ** Konda-Yahadian languages, Konda-Yahadian (Yabin): Konda language (Papuan), Konda, Yahadian language, Yahadian ** Inanwatan languages, Inanwatan (West South Bird's Head): Duriankere language, Duriankere, Inanwatan language, Inanwatan (Suabo) ** Nuclear South Bird's Head languages, South Bird's Head proper (East South Bird's Head): *** Kais language, Kais (Kampong Baru) *** I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen Wurm
Stephen Adolphe Wurm (, ; 19 August 1922 – 24 October 2001) was a Hungarian-born Australian linguist. Early life Wurm was born in Budapest, the second child to the German-speaking Adolphe Wurm and the Hungarian-speaking Anna Novroczky. He was christened Istvan Adolphe Wurm. His father died before Stephen was born. Both of his parents were multilingual, and Wurm showed an interest in languages from an early age. Attending school in Vienna and travelling to all parts of Europe during his childhood, Wurm spoke roughly nine languages by the time he reached adulthood, a gift he inherited from his father, who spoke 17. Wurm went on to master at least 50 languages. Career Wurm grew up stateless, unable to take the nationality of either of his parent or of his country of residence, Austria. That enabled him to avoid military service and attend university. He studied Turkic languages at the Oriental Institute in Vienna, receiving his doctorate in linguistics and social anthropo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Cornelis Anceaux
Johannes Cornelis Anceaux (4 July 1920 in Schiedam, Netherlands – 6 August 1988 in Leiderdorp, Netherlands) was a Dutch linguist and anthropologist known for his extensive work on Papuan and Austronesian languages. Apart from his monographs on Wolio, Nimboran, and the languages of Yapen Island, Anceaux was also known for his wordlists of languages of Irian Jaya.Smits, Leo and Clemens L. Voorhoeve. 1998. ''The J. C. Anceaux Collection of Wordlists of Irian Jaya Languages B: Non-Austronesian (Papuan) Languages. Part II''. Irian Jaya Source Material 10 Series B 4. Leiden-Jakarta: DSALCUL/IRIS. Education In 1938, Anceaux began studying Indonesian literature at Leiden University. However, the outbreak of World War II interrupted his studies as he was drafted into the military. After Leiden University closed in 1940, he went to the University of Amsterdam, where he passed his examination in 1942. After the war ended, under the supervision of Cornelis Christiaan Berg (1900–1990), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
