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TikZ
PGF/Ti''k''Z is a pair of languages for producing vector graphics (e.g., technical illustrations and drawings) from a geometric/algebraic description, with standard features including the drawing of points, lines, arrows, paths, circles, ellipses and polygons. PGF is a lower-level language, while Ti''k''Z is a set of higher-level macros that use PGF. The top-level PGF and Ti''k''Z commands are invoked as TeX macros, but in contrast with PSTricks, the PGF/Ti''k''Z graphics themselves are described in a language that resembles MetaPost. Till Tantau is the designer of the PGF and Ti''k''Z languages. He is also the main developer of the only known interpreter for PGF and Ti''k''Z, which is written in TeX. PGF is an acronym for "Portable Graphics Format". Ti''k''Z was introduced in version 0.95 of PGF, and it is a recursive acronym for "Ti''k''Z ist ''kein'' Zeichenprogramm" (German for "Ti''k''Z is ''not'' a drawing program"). Overview The PGF/Ti''k''Z interpreter can be used from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recursive Acronym
A recursive acronym is an acronym that refers to itself, and appears most frequently in computer programming. The term was first used in print in 1979 in Douglas Hofstadter's book '' Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid'', in which Hofstadter invents the acronym GOD, meaning "GOD Over Djinn", to help explain infinite series, and describes it as a recursive acronym. Other references followed, however the concept was used as early as 1968 in John Brunner's science fiction novel ''Stand on Zanzibar''. In the story, the acronym EPT (Education for a Particular Task) later morphed into "Eptification for Particular Task". Recursive acronyms typically form backwardly: either an existing ordinary acronym is given a new explanation of what the letters stand for, or a name is turned into an acronym by giving the letters an explanation of what they stand for, in each case with the first letter standing recursively for the whole acronym. Use in computing In computing, an early tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PSTricks
PSTricks is a set of macros that allow the inclusion of PostScript drawings directly inside TeX or LaTeX source code. It was originally written by Timothy Van Zandt and has been maintained in recent years by Denis Girou, Sebastian Rahtz and Herbert Voss ( de). Basic usage There is a wide array of commands available for making graphics. Coordinates in PSTricks are always represented in parentheses, as the following example (scaled) illustrates: \begin(5,5) %% Triangle in red: \pspolygon inecolor=red1,1)(5,1)(1,4) %% Bezier curve in green: \pscurve inecolor=green,linewidth=2pt,% showpoints=true5,5)(3,2)(4,4)(2,3) %% Circle in blue with radius 1: \pscircle inecolor=blue,linestyle=dashed3,2.5) \end Extensions PSTricks commands are low level, so many LaTeX packages have been made in order to ease the creation of several kinds of graphics that are commonly used on mathematical typesetting. pst-plot provides commands for creating function graphs. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graph Drawing
Graph drawing is an area of mathematics and computer science combining methods from geometric graph theory and information visualization to derive two-dimensional depictions of graph (discrete mathematics), graphs arising from applications such as social network analysis, cartography, linguistics, and bioinformatics. A drawing of a graph or network diagram is a pictorial representation of the vertex (graph theory), vertices and edge (graph theory), edges of a graph. This drawing should not be confused with the graph itself: very different layouts can correspond to the same graph., p. 6. In the abstract, all that matters is which pairs of vertices are connected by edges. In the concrete, however, the arrangement of these vertices and edges within a drawing affects its understandability, usability, fabrication cost, and aesthetics. The problem gets worse if the graph changes over time by adding and deleting edges (dynamic graph drawing) and the goal is to preserve the user's men ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pdftex
__NOTOC__ The computer program pdfTeX is an extension of Knuth's typesetting program TeX, and was originally written and developed into a publicly usable product by Hàn Thế Thành as a part of the work for his PhD thesis at the Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. The idea of making this extension to TeX was conceived during the early 1990s, when Jiří Zlatuška and Phil Taylor discussed some developmental ideas with Donald Knuth at Stanford University. Knuth later met Hàn Thế Thành in Brno during his visit to the Faculty of Informatics to receive an honorary doctorate from Masaryk University. Two prominent characteristics of pdfTeX are character protrusion, which generalizes the concept of hanging punctuation, and font expansion, an implementation of Hermann Zapf's ideas for improving the grayness of a typeset page. Both extend the core paragraph breaking routine. They are discussed in Thành's PhD thesis. pdfTeX is included in most mode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnuplot
gnuplot is a command-line and GUI program that can generate two- and three-dimensional plots of functions, data, and data fits. The program runs on all major computers and operating systems (Linux, Unix, Microsoft Windows, macOS, FreeDOS, and many others). Originally released in 1986, its listed authors are Thomas Williams, Colin Kelley, Russell Lang, Dave Kotz, John Campbell, Gershon Elber, Alexander Woo "and many others." Despite its name, this software is not part of the GNU Project. Features gnuplot can produce output directly on screen, or in many formats of graphics files, including Portable Network Graphics (PNG), Encapsulated PostScript (EPS), Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), JPEG and many others. It is also capable of producing LaTeX code that can be included directly in LaTeX documents, making use of LaTeX's fonts and powerful formula notation abilities. The program can be used both interactively and in batch mode using scripts. gnuplot can read data in multiple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MetaPost
MetaPost refers to both a programming language and the interpreter of the MetaPost programming language. Both are derived from Donald Knuth's Metafont language and interpreter. MetaPost produces vector graphic diagrams from a geometric/algebraic description. The language shares Metafont's declarative syntax for manipulating lines, curves, points and geometric transformations. However, * Metafont is set up to produce fonts, in the form of image files (in .gf format) with associated font metric files (in .tfm format), whereas MetaPost produces EPS, SVG, or PNG files * The output of Metafont consists of the fonts at a fixed resolution in a raster-based format, whereas MetaPost's output is vector-based graphics (lines, Bézier curves) * Metafont output is monochrome, whereas MetaPost uses RGB or CMYK colors. * The MetaPost language can include text labels on the diagrams, either strings from a specified font, or anything else that can be typeset with TeX. * Starting with version ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GeoGebra
GeoGebra (a portmanteau of ''geometry'' and ''algebra'') is an interactive geometry, algebra, statistics and calculus application, intended for learning and teaching mathematics and science from primary school to university level. GeoGebra is available on multiple platforms, with apps for desktops (Windows, macOS and Linux), tablets ( Android, iPad and Windows) and web. It is presently owned by Indian edutech firm Byju's. History GeoGebra's creator, Markus Hohenwarter, started the project in 2001 as part of his master's thesis at the University of Salzburg. After a successful Kickstarter campaign, GeoGebra expanded its offering to include an iPad, an Android and a Windows Store app version. In 2013, GeoGebra incorporated Bernard Parisse's Xcas into its CAS view. The project is now freeware (with open-source portions) and multi-lingual, and Hohenwarter continues to lead its development at the University of Linz. GeoGebra includes both commercial and not-for-profit entit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LuaTeX
LuaTeX is a TeX-based computer typesetting system which started as a version of pdfTeX with a Lua (programming language), Lua scripting engine embedded. After some experiments it was adopted by the TeX Live distribution as a successor to pdfTeX (itself an extension of ε-TeX, which generates PDFs). Later in the project some functionality of Aleph (TeX), Aleph was included (esp. multi-directional typesetting). The project was originally sponsored by the Oriental TeX project, founded by Idris Samawi Hamid, Hans Hagen, and Taco Hoekwater. In November 2024, LuaLaTeX was declared the recommended format for LaTeX. Objective of the project The main objective of the project is to provide a version of TeX where all internals are accessible from Lua. In the process of opening up TeX much of the internal code is rewritten. Instead of hard coding new features in TeX itself, users (or macro package writers) can write their own extensions. LuaTeX offers support for OpenType fonts with external ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scalable Vector Graphics
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector graphics format for defining two-dimensional graphics, having support for interactivity and animation. The SVG specification is an open standard developed by the World Wide Web Consortium since 1999. SVG images are defined in a vector graphics format and stored in XML text files. SVG images can thus be scaled in size without loss of quality, and SVG files can be searched, indexed, scripted, and compressed. The XML text files can be created and edited with text editors or vector graphics editors, and are rendered by most web browsers. If used for images, SVG can host scripts or CSS, potentially leading to cross-site scripting attacks or other security vulnerabilities. History SVG has been in development within the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) since 1999 after six competing proposals for vector graphics languages had been submitted to the consortium during 1998 (see below). The early SVG Working Group decided not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dvisvgm
The device independent file format (DVI) is the output file format of the TeX typesetting program, designed by David R. Fuchs in 1979. Unlike the TeX markup files used to generate them, DVI files are not intended to be human-readable; they consist of binary data describing the visual layout of a document in a manner not reliant on any specific image format, display hardware or printer. DVI files are typically used as input to a second program (called a DVI ''driver'') which translates DVI files to graphical data. For example, most TeX software packages include a program for previewing DVI files on a user's computer display; this program is a driver. Drivers are also used to convert from DVI to popular page description languages (e.g. PostScript, PDF) and for printing. TeX markup may be at least partially reverse-engineered from DVI files, although this process is unlikely to produce high-level constructs identical to those present in the original markup, especially if the origin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MATLAB
MATLAB (an abbreviation of "MATrix LABoratory") is a proprietary multi-paradigm programming language and numeric computing environment developed by MathWorks. MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages. Although MATLAB is intended primarily for numeric computing, an optional toolbox uses the MuPAD symbolic engine allowing access to symbolic computing abilities. An additional package, Simulink, adds graphical multi-domain simulation and model-based design for dynamic and embedded systems. , MATLAB has more than four million users worldwide. They come from various backgrounds of engineering, science, and economics. , more than 5000 global colleges and universities use MATLAB to support instruction and research. History Origins MATLAB was invented by mathematician and computer programmer Cleve Moler. The idea for MATLAB was base ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inkscape
Inkscape is a vector graphics editor. It is used for both artistic and technical illustrations such as cartoons, clip art, logos, typography, diagrams, and flowcharts. It uses vector graphics to allow for sharp printouts and renderings at unlimited resolution and is not bound to a fixed number of pixels like raster graphics. It is free and open-source software released under a GNU General Public License (GPL) 2.0 or later. Inkscape uses a file format defined by a technical standard named Scalable Vector Graphics ( SVG) as its main format, which is supported by many other applications including web browsers. It can import and export various file formats, including Adobe Illustrator (AI), Encapsulated PostScript (EPS), PDF, PostScript (PS) and PNG. Inkscape can render primitive vector shapes (e.g. rectangles, ellipses, polygons, arcs, spirals, stars and 3D boxes) and text. These objects may be filled with solid colors, patterns, and radial or linear color gradients, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
