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Tietea
''Tietea'' was a genus of Marattiales, marattialean tree ferns from the Late Carboniferous to the Permian. The genus has been placed in a number of families, including Psaroniaceae. The first described species was ''Tietea singularis'', which grew up to in height. It is estimated to represent close to 90% of some fossil assemblages in Brazil. ''Tietea derbyi'' was described in 1992, but its validity has been questioned as it could be a laterally flattened specimen of ''T. singularis''. Description ''Tietea singularis'' stems usually are less than in diameter, bearing four orthostichies of leaves in a decussate arrangement. The stem is surrounded by a continuous ring of sclerenchyma that separates it from the root mantle. ''T. singularis'' stem transverse sections have the same basic structure as ''Psaronius'', but are composed of central vascular bundles having smaller, O- and C-shaped forms, or wavy segments having a short, rounded or fat configuration. Leaf traces are poly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tree Fern
Tree ferns are arborescent (tree-like) ferns that grow with a trunk (botany), trunk elevating the fronds above ground level, making them trees. Many extant tree ferns are members of the order Cyatheales, to which belong the families Cyatheaceae (scaly tree ferns), Dicksoniaceae, Metaxyaceae, and Cibotiaceae. It is estimated that Cyatheales originated in the early Jurassic, and is the third group of ferns known to have given rise to tree-like forms. The others are the extinct ''Tempskya'' of uncertain position, and Osmundales where the extinct Guaireaceae and some members of Osmundaceae also grew into trees. In addition there were the Psaroniaceae including ''Tietea'' in the Marattiaceae, Marattiales, which is the sister group to all the leptosporangiate ferns. Other ferns which are also tree ferns, are ''Leptopteris'' and ''Todea'' in the family Osmundaceae, which can achieve short trunks under a metre tall. Osmunda regalis is sometimes considered a tree fern. Fern species with s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Zu Solms-Laubach
Hermann zu Solms-Laubach, more precisely Hermann Maximilian Carl Ludwig Friedrich Graf zu Solms-Laubach (23 December 1842 in Laubach, Grand Duchy of Hesse – 24 November 1915 in Strasbourg) was a German botanist. Life Count Solms-Laubach studied in Giessen, Berlin, Fribourg and Geneva. In 1868 he obtained habilitation at the University of Halle-Wittenberg. In 1872 he became an associate professor at the University of Strasbourg; in 1879 he was appointed professor and director of the botanical garden in Göttingen, and in 1888 in Strasbourg. From October 1883 to March 1884 he traveled in Java and stayed for 3 months at Buitenzorg (now Bogor, especially in the botanical garden), West Java and made several collections in the vicinity of Kebun Raya Cibodas, Cibodas. He wrote a paper about the Bogor Botanical Gardens that he loved so much. He was a member of the Linnean Society, the Royal Society, the Geographic Society; and recipient of the Linnean Medal, Gold Medal of the Linnea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motuca Formation
Motuca is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is 4,795 (2020 est.) in an area of 229 km2. The elevation is 618 m. The municipality was created on January 20, 1990. History The first records of settlement in Motuca date back to 1892, with the construction of the Rincão/Bebedouro Railway by the Companhia Paulista de Estrada de Ferro. The area, abundant in water resources, received cattle drivers and their herds from distant regions. The junction of the railway with the cattle trail was natural, as both cattle and coffee were unloaded there. Coffee, after traveling a long way to the port of Santos, was destined for the European market. Like many other areas in the state of São Paulo, Motuca had its golden period with coffee cultivation and cattle raising. Around 1908, Japanese and Portuguese immigrants settled and developed activities related to horticulture and coffee farming. The effective agricultural growth spurred political and administrati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permian Brazil
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years, from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya. It is the sixth and last period of the Paleozoic Era; the following Triassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era. The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the Perm Governorate, region of Perm in Russia. The Permian witnessed the diversification of the two groups of amniotes, the synapsids and the Sauropsida, sauropsids (reptiles). The world at the time was dominated by the supercontinent Pangaea, which had formed due to the collision of Euramerica and Gondwana during the Carboniferous. Pangaea was surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa. The Carboniferous rainforest collapse left behind vast regions of desert within the continental interior. Amniotes, which could better cope with these ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carboniferous Brazil
The Carboniferous ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era that spans 60 million years, from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Permian Period, Ma. It is the fifth and penultimate period of the Paleozoic era and the fifth period of the Phanerozoic eon. In North America, the Carboniferous is often treated as two separate geological periods, the earlier Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian. The name ''Carboniferous'' means "coal-bearing", from the Latin ("coal") and ("bear, carry"), and refers to the many coal beds formed globally during that time. The first of the modern "system" names, it was coined by geologists William Conybeare and William Phillips in 1822, based on a study of the British rock succession. Carboniferous is the period during which both terrestrial animal and land plant life was well established. Stegocephalia (four-limbed vertebrates including true tetrapods), whose forerunners (tetrapodomor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prehistoric Plants Of South America
Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest known writing systems appeared years ago. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted, with writing having spread to almost all cultures by the 19th century. The end of prehistory therefore came at different times in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. It is based on an old conception of history that without written records there could be no history. The most common conception today is that history is based on evidence, however the concept of prehistory hasn't been completely discarded. In the early Bronze Age, Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley Civilis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
