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Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke Of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1st Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne (21 July 1693 – 17 November 1768) was an English Whig statesman who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain, and whose official life extended throughout the Whig supremacy of the 18th century. He is commonly known as the Duke of Newcastle. A protégé of Robert Walpole, he served under him for more than 20 years until 1742. He held power with his brother, prime minister Henry Pelham, until 1754. He had then served as a Secretary of State continuously for 30 years and dominated British foreign policy. After Henry's death, Newcastle was prime minister for six years in two separate periods. While his first premiership was not particularly notable, Newcastle precipitated the Seven Years' War, and his weak diplomacy cost him his premiership. After his second term, he served briefly in Lord Rockingham's ministry, before he retired from government. He was most effective as a deputy to a lead ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
His Grace
His Grace and Her Grace are English Style (manner of address), styles of address used with high-ranking personages, and was the style for English monarchs until Henry VIII (r. 1509–1547), and for Scottish monarchs until the Act of Union (1707), Act of Union of 1707, which Union of the Crowns, united the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England. In Great Britain and Ireland, it is also the style of address for archbishops, dukes, and duchesses; e.g. His Grace the Duke of Norfolk and His Grace the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. The correct style is “Your Grace” in spoken and written form; as a stylistic descriptor for Dukes in the United Kingdom, British dukes, it is an abbreviation of the full, formal style: “The Most High, Noble and Potent Prince His Grace”. However, a Royal dukedoms in the United Kingdom, royal duke, such as Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, is addressed as Your Royal Highness. Ecclesiastical usage Christianity The style "His Grace" and "Your Grace" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War, 1756 to 1763, was a Great Power conflict fought primarily in Europe, with significant subsidiary campaigns in North America and South Asia. The protagonists were Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia versus Kingdom of France, France and Habsburg monarchy, Austria, the respective coalitions receiving by countries including Portuguese Empire, Portugal, Spanish Empire, Spain, Electorate of Saxony, Saxony, Age of Liberty, Sweden, and Russian Empire, Russia. Related conflicts include the Third Silesian War, French and Indian War, Carnatic wars, Third Carnatic War, Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763), Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763), and Spanish–Portuguese War (1762–1763), Spanish–Portuguese War. Although the War of the Austrian Succession ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), none of the signatories were happy with the terms, and it was generally viewed as a temporary armistice. It led to a strategic realignment kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kit Kat Club
The Kit-Cat Club (sometimes Kit Kat Club) was an early 18th-century English club in London with strong political and literary associations. Members of the club were committed Whigs. They met at the Trumpet Tavern in London and at Water Oakley in the Berkshire countryside. The first meetings were held at a tavern in Shire Lane (parallel with Bell Yard and now covered by the Royal Courts of Justice) run by an innkeeper called Christopher Catt. He gave his name to the mutton pies known as "Kit Cats" from which the name of the club is derived. The club later moved to the Fountain Tavern on The Strand (now the site of Simpson's-in-the-Strand), and latterly into a room specially built for the purpose at Barn Elms, the home of the secretary Jacob Tonson. In summer, the club met at the Upper Flask, Hampstead Heath. Origins The origin of the name "Kit-Cat Club" is unclear. In 1705 Thomas Hearne wrote: "The Kit Cat Club got its name from Christopher Catling. ote, a Pudding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hannover Club
The Hannover Club or Hanover Club was a political society in the Kingdom of Great Britain active during the early 18th century. They were committed to the succession of King George of Hanover to the British throne, rather than the rival claimant James III (known as the 'Old Pretender'). It was made up of supporters of the Whig faction. Less well known than the more celebrated Kit Kat Club, with whom it shared many beliefs and members, the group was arguably more important and powerful in pushing for the Hanoverian Succession and proved invaluable to George following the death of Queen Anne in 1714, and the year of turmoil that followed. Future Whig Prime Minister the Duke of Newcastle Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne was a title that was created three times, once in the Peerage of England and twice in the Peerage of Great Britain. The first grant of the title was made in 1665 to William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle, Willi ... was a member of the club.Browning p.7 Refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Francis Edward Stuart
James Francis Edward Stuart (10 June 16881 January 1766), nicknamed the Old Pretender by Whigs (British political party), Whigs or the King over the Water by Jacobitism, Jacobites, was the House of Stuart claimant to the thrones of Kingdom of England, England, Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland and Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland from 1701 until his death in 1766. The only son of James II of England and his second wife, Mary of Modena, he was Prince of Wales and heir until his Catholic father was deposed and exiled in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. His Protestant half-sister Mary II of England, Mary II and her husband William III of England, William III became co-monarchs. As a Catholic, he was subsequently excluded from the succession by the Act of Settlement 1701. James, who had been raised primarily in France and Italy, claimed the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland when his father died in September 1701. As part of the War of the Spanish Succession, in 1708 Louis XI ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tories (British Political Party)
The Tories were a loosely organised political faction and later a political party, in the Parliaments of Parliament of England, England, Parliament of Scotland, Scotland, Parliament of Ireland, Ireland, Parliament of Great Britain, Great Britain and the Parliament of the United Kingdom, United Kingdom. They first emerged during the 1679 Exclusion Crisis, when they opposed Whigs (British political party), Whig efforts to exclude James II of England, James, Duke of York from the succession on the grounds of his Catholic Church, Catholicism. Despite their fervent opposition to state-sponsored Catholicism, Tories opposed his exclusion because of their belief that inheritance based on birth was the foundation of a stable society. After the succession of George I of Great Britain, George I in 1714, the Tories had no part in government and ceased to exist as an organised political entity in the early 1760s (although the term continued to be used in subsequent years as a term of self-d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne, Queen Of Great Britain
Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714) was List of English monarchs, Queen of England, List of Scottish monarchs, Scotland, and List of Irish monarchs, Ireland from 8 March 1702, and List of British monarchs, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland following the ratification of the Acts of Union 1707 merging the kingdoms of Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland and Kingdom of England, England, until her death in 1714. Anne was born during the reign of her uncle Charles II of England, King Charles II. Her father was Charles's younger brother and heir presumptive, James II of England, James, whose suspected Roman Catholicism was unpopular in England. On Charles's instructions, Anne and her elder sister Mary II of England, Mary were raised as Anglicans. Mary married her Dutch Reformed Church, Dutch Protestant cousin, William III of Orange, in 1677, and Anne married the Lutheran Prince George of Denmark in 1683. On Charles's death in 1685, James succeeded to the throne, but just three years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George I Of Great Britain
George I (George Louis; ; 28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland, Ireland from 1 August 1714 and ruler of the Electorate of Hanover within the Holy Roman Empire from 23 January 1698 until his death in 1727. He was the first British monarch of the House of Hanover. Born in Hanover to Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover, Ernest Augustus and Sophia of Hanover, George inherited the titles and lands of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg from his father and uncles. In 1682, he married his cousin Sophia Dorothea of Celle, with whom he had two children; he also had three daughters with his mistress Melusine von der Schulenburg. George and Sophia Dorothea divorced in 1694. A succession of European wars expanded George's German domains during his lifetime; he was ratified as prince-elector of Hanover in 1708. As the senior Protestant descendant of his great-grandfather James VI and I, George inherited the British throne following the deaths in 1714 of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whig (British Political Faction)
The Whigs were a political party in the Parliaments of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Between the 1680s and the 1850s, the Whigs contested power with their rivals, the Tories. The Whigs became the Liberal Party when the faction merged with the Peelites and Radicals in the 1850s. Many Whigs left the Liberal Party in 1886 over the issue of Irish Home Rule to form the Liberal Unionist Party, which merged into the Conservative Party in 1912. The Whigs began as a political faction that opposed absolute monarchy and Catholic emancipation, supporting constitutional monarchism and parliamentary government, but also Protestant supremacy. They played a central role in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and were the standing enemies of the Roman Catholic Stuart kings and pretenders. The period known as the Whig Supremacy (1714–1760) was enabled by the Hanoverian succession of George I in 1714 and the failure of the Jacobite rising of 1715 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sussex
Sussex (Help:IPA/English, /ˈsʌsɪks/; from the Old English ''Sūþseaxe''; lit. 'South Saxons'; 'Sussex') is an area within South East England that was historically a kingdom of Sussex, kingdom and, later, a Historic counties of England, county. It includes the Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial counties of East Sussex and West Sussex. The area borders the English Channel to the south, and the Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial counties of Surrey to the north, Kent to the north-east, and Hampshire to the west. Sussex contains the city of Brighton and Hove and its wider Greater Brighton City Region, city region, as well as the South Downs National Park and the National Landscapes of the High Weald National Landscape, High Weald and Chichester Harbour. Its coastline is long. The Kingdom of Sussex emerged in the fifth century in the area that had previously been inhabited by the Regni tribe in the Roman Britain, Romano-British period. In about 827, shortly a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Westminster School
Westminster School is a Public school (United Kingdom), public school in Westminster, London, England, in the precincts of Westminster Abbey. It descends from a charity school founded by Westminster Benedictines before the Norman Conquest, as documented by the Croyland Chronicle and a charter of King Offa. Continuous existence is clear from the early 14th century. Westminster was one of nine schools examined by the 1861 Clarendon Commission and reformed by the Public Schools Act 1868. The school motto, ''Dat Deus Incrementum'', quotes 1 Corinthians 3:6: "I planted the seed... but God made it grow." The school owns playing fields and tennis courts in the centre of the Vincent Square, along which Westminster Under School is also situated. Its academic results place it among the top schools nationally; about half its students go to Oxbridge, giving it the highest national Oxbridge acceptance rate. In the 2023 A-level (United Kingdom), A-levels, the school saw 82.3% of its candidate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Holles, 1st Duke Of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle (9 January 1662 – 15 July 1711) was an English Peerage of the United Kingdom, peer and politician. Early life Holles was born in Edwinstowe, Nottinghamshire, the son of the Gilbert Holles, 3rd Earl of Clare, 3rd Earl of Clare and his wife Grace Pierrepont. Grace was a daughter of The Hon. William Pierrepont and granddaughter of the Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull. Politics He was a supporter of William III of England, William of Orange and Mary II of England, Mary Stuart, and in November 1688 waited on the Prince of Orange as a representative of the risings in York and Nottingham. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
