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Textus Receptus
The (Latin for 'received text') is the succession of printed Greek New Testament texts starting with Erasmus' ''Novum Instrumentum omne'' (1516) and including the editions of Robert Estienne, Stephanus, Theodore Beza, Beza, the House of Elzevir, Elzevir house, Simon de Colines, Colinaeus and Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener, Scrivener. Erasmus' Latin/Greek New Testament editions and annotations were a major influence for the original German Luther_Bible#"September_Bible"_New_Testament_(1522), Luther Bible and the translations of the New Testament into English by William Tyndale. Subsequent ''Textus Receptus'' editions constituted the main Greek translation-base for the King James Version, the Spanish Reina-Valera translation, the Czech Bible of Kralice, the Portuguese Almeida Recebida, the Dutch Statenvertaling, the Russian Russian Synodal Bible, Synodal Bible and many other Protestant reformation, Reformation-era New Testament translations throughout Western, Northern and Cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin
Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area around Rome, Italy. Through the expansion of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language in the Italian Peninsula and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. It has greatly influenced many languages, Latin influence in English, including English, having contributed List of Latin words with English derivatives, many words to the English lexicon, particularly after the Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England, Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons and the Norman Conquest. Latin Root (linguistics), roots appear frequently in the technical vocabulary used by fields such as theology, List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names, the sciences, List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes, medicine, and List of Latin legal terms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protestant Reformation
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a time of major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church. Towards the end of the Renaissance, the Reformation marked the beginning of Protestantism. It is considered one of the events that signified the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern period in Europe. The Reformation is usually dated from Martin Luther's publication of the '' Ninety-five Theses'' in 1517, which gave birth to Lutheranism. Prior to Martin Luther and other Protestant Reformers, there were earlier reform movements within Western Christianity. The end of the Reformation era is disputed among modern scholars. In general, the Reformers argued that justification was based on faith in Jesus alone and not both faith and good works, as in the Catholic view. In the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 4
Minuscule 4 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), ε 371 (in von Soden's numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on vellum. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the 13th century. It was formerly named ''Codex Regius 84''. It has a full collection of marginal marks (known as marginalia). It was adapted for liturgical use. Description The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book), containing an almost complete text of the four Gospels with four gaps (Matthew 2:9-20; Mark 15:42-16:14; John 1:1-13.49-3:11), consisting of 212 parchment leaves (sized ). The text is written in one column per page, 26-28 lines per page. The text is divided according to the chapters (known as κεφαλαια / ''kephalaia''), whose numbers are given in the margin, with the titles of chapters (τιτλοι / ''titloi'') at the top of the pages. There is als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 2814
Minuscule 2814 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), Aν20 (in Soden numbering), formerly labelled as 1rK in all catalogues, but subsequently renumbered as a 2814 by Aland, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 12th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, ''Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments'', Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 1994, p. 211. Description The codex contains only the Book of Revelation with a commentary by Andreas of Caesarea. The last six verses were lost (22:16–21). Its text is written on a parchment in minuscule, in 1 column per page, 20 lines per page. Its biblical Greek represents the ' Andreas text', which is related to, but not a pure representative of, the Byzantine text type. Aland placed it in Category V. * Rev. 1:5 : λύσαντι ἡμᾶς ἐκ — P18, אc, A, C, 2020, 2081, 2814 : λούσαντι ἡμᾶς ἀπο — P, 04 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Basiliensis A
The codex (: codices ) was the historical ancestor format of the modern book. Technically, the vast majority of modern books use the codex format of a stack of pages bound at one edge, along the side of the text. But the term ''codex'' is now reserved for older manuscript books, which mostly used sheets of vellum, parchment, or papyrus, rather than paper. By convention, the term is also used for any Aztec codex (although the earlier examples do not actually use the codex format), Maya codices and other pre-Columbian manuscripts. Library practices have led to many European manuscripts having "codex" as part of their usual name, as with the Codex Gigas, while most do not. Modern books are divided into paperback (or softback) and those bound with stiff boards, called hardbacks. Elaborate historical bindings are called treasure bindings. At least in the Western world, the main alternative to the paged codex format for a long document was the continuous scroll, which was the domina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 2817
Codex Basiliensis A. N. III. 11, known as Minuscule 2817 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 287 ( von Soden). Formerly it was labeled as 7pK in all catalogs, but it was renumbered by Gregory, because two manuscripts had number 7 (7e and 7p). It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 12th century. Scrivener and the INTF date it to the 11th century. Description The codex contains the text of the Pauline epistles, on 387 parchment pages with only one lacuna. The manuscript ends at Hebrews 12:18. It is written with one column per page, 28-32 lines per page.Kurt Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, ''Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des neuen Testaments'', Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 1994, p. 212. The text is written on a parchment in minuscule. It contains notes and glosses, which surround the biblical text in the top, outer, and bottom margins. The Greek text of the Gospels is a representative of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andreas Text-type
The Andreas text-type is a form of the text of the Book of Revelation found in some manuscripts of Revelation, it is named after Andreas of Caesarea, (563–614) whose manuscript followed this text-type. The Andreas text-type has also been called a subtype of the Majority Text in Revelation, which is divided into the Koine form of Revelation and the Andreas type of Revelation. Manuscripts belonging to the Andreas text-type are primarily found in manuscript of Andreas' commentary although there exists Andreas manuscripts which do not contain the commentary. Andreas manuscripts form one third of all Greek manuscripts of Revelation. Witnesses Andreas' commentary is among the oldest Greek commentaries on Revelation. Most subsequent Eastern Christian commentators of the Book of Revelation have drawn heavily upon Andrew and his commentary, which was preserved in about 100 Greek manuscripts, and was also translated into Armenian, Georgian, and Slavonic. His commentary was so influentia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Book Of Revelation
The Book of Revelation, also known as the Book of the Apocalypse or the Apocalypse of John, is the final book of the New Testament, and therefore the final book of the Bible#Christian Bible, Christian Bible. Written in Greek language, Greek, its title is derived from the Incipit, first word of the text, ''apocalypse'' (), which means "revelation" or "unveiling". The Book of Revelation is the only Apocalyptic literature, apocalyptic book in the Development of the New Testament canon, New Testament canon, and occupies a central place in Christian eschatology. The book spans three literary genres: the Letter (message), epistolary, the Apocalyptic literature, apocalyptic, and the prophetic. It begins with John, on the island of Patmos in the Aegean Sea, addressing letters to the "Seven Churches of Asia" with exhortations from Christ. He then describes a series of prophetic and symbolic Vision (spirituality), visions, including figures such as a Woman clothed with the sun with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vulgate
The Vulgate () is a late-4th-century Bible translations into Latin, Latin translation of the Bible. It is largely the work of Saint Jerome who, in 382, had been commissioned by Pope Damasus I to revise the Gospels used by the Diocese of Rome, Roman Church. Later, of his own initiative, Jerome extended this work of revision and translation to include most of the books of the Bible. The Vulgate became progressively adopted as the Bible text within the Western Church. Over succeeding centuries, it eventually eclipsed the texts. By the 13th century it had taken over from the former version the designation (the "version commonly used") or for short. The Vulgate also contains some ''Vetus Latina'' translations that Jerome did not work on. The Catholic Church affirmed the Vulgate as its official Latin Bible at the Council of Trent (1545–1563), though there was no single authoritative edition of the book at that time in any language. The Vulgate did eventually receiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caesarean Text-type
In textual criticism of the New Testament, Caesarean text-type is the term proposed by certain scholars to denote a consistent pattern of variant readings that is claimed to be apparent in certain Koine Greek manuscripts of the four Gospels, but which is not found in any of the other commonly recognized New Testament text types (Byzantine, Western and Alexandrian). In particular a common text type has been proposed to be found: in the ninth/tenth century Codex Koridethi; in Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2 (a Greek manuscript of the Gospels used sparingly by Erasmus in his 1516 printed Koine New Testament); and in those Gospel quotations found in the third century works of Origen, which were written after he had settled in Caesarea. The early translations of the Gospels in Armenian and Georgian also appear to witness to many of the proposed characteristic Caesarean readings, as do the small group of minuscule manuscripts classed as Family 1 and Family 13. However, some text ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Basilensis A
The codex (: codices ) was the historical ancestor format of the modern book. Technically, the vast majority of modern books use the codex format of a stack of pages bound at one edge, along the side of the text. But the term ''codex'' is now reserved for older manuscript books, which mostly used sheets of vellum, parchment, or papyrus, rather than paper. By convention, the term is also used for any Aztec codex (although the earlier examples do not actually use the codex format), Maya codices and other pre-Columbian manuscripts. Library practices have led to many European manuscripts having "codex" as part of their usual name, as with the Codex Gigas, while most do not. Modern books are divided into paperback (or softback) and those bound with stiff boards, called hardbacks. Elaborate historical bindings are called treasure bindings. At least in the Western world, the main alternative to the paged codex format for a long document was the continuous scroll, which was the domina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine Text-type
In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main Textual criticism#New Testament, text types. The New Testament text of the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Patriarchal Text, are based on this text-type. Similarly, the Peshitta, Aramaic Peshitta which often conforms to the Byzantine text is used as the standard version in the Syriac Christianity, Syriac tradition, including the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Chaldean Catholic Church, Chaldean church. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving biblical manuscript, manuscripts of the Koine Greek, Greek New Testament. Consequently, the Majority Text methodology, which prefers the readings that are most common or which are found in the great preponderance of manuscripts, generates a text that is Byzantine text (in turn leading to the Byzantine_priority_theory, Byzantine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
