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Tevfik Fikret
Tevfik Fikret () was the pseudonym of Mehmed Tevfik (December 24, 1867 – August 19, 1915), an Ottoman educator and poet, who is considered the founder of the modern school of Turkish poetry. Biography Family Mehmed Tevfik was born in Istanbul on December 24, 1867.Ayşegül Yaraman-Başbuğu, ''Biyografya: Tevfik Fikret'', Bağlam, 2006, p. 17. "Kökleri, baba tarafından Çankırı 'sancağı'nın Çerkeş kazasına, anne tarafından ise Sakız adalı, Islâmiyeti benimseyen Rum asıllı bir aileye uzanan Mehmet Tevfik (sonradan Tevfik Fikret) 24 Aralık 1867 tarihinde İstanbul'da doğmuş..." His father (Hüseyin Efendi), originally from the district of Çerkeş in the sanjak of Çankırı, was mostly absent, as he was exiled for being a political foe of the ruling regime; while his mother (Hatice Refia Hanım), a Greek Muslim convert from the island of Chios, died when he was very young. Education He received his education at the prestigious Galatasaray High School ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Constantinople
Neolithic artifacts, uncovered by archeologists at the beginning of the 21st century, indicate that Istanbul's historic peninsula was settled as far back as the 6th millennium BCE. That early settlement, important in the spread of the Neolithic Revolution from the Near East to Europe, lasted for almost a millennium before being inundated by rising water levels. The first human settlement on the Asian side, the Fikirtepe mound, is from the Copper Age period, with artifacts dating from 5500 to 3500 BCE. In the European side, near the point of the peninsula ( Sarayburnu) there was a settlement during the early 1st millennium BCE. Modern authors have linked it to the possible Thracian toponym ''Lygos'', mentioned by Pliny the Elder as an earlier name for the site of Byzantium. There is evidence suggesting there were settlements around the region dating as far back as 6700 BC, and it is hard to define if there was any settlement on exact spot at city proper established, but earlies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Servet-i Fünun
''Servet-i Fünun'' (; ) was an avant-garde journal published in the Ottoman Empire and later in Turkey. Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil, Halit Ziya (Uşaklıgil) and the other writers of the "New Literature" () movement published it to inform their readers about European, particularly French, cultural and intellectual movements. In operation from 1891 until 1944, it was for its first year a supplement of the newspaper ''Servet (newspaper), Servet'', but became an independent publication from 1892. Its offices were in Stamboul, the central part of Ottoman Constantinople, Constantinople (now known in English as Istanbul). Today the region is known as the Fatih district. Evangelia Balta and Ayșe Kavak state that during the late Ottoman Empire it was "[t]he most influential literary journal" which had "a significant role in the intellectual life" of the country. Other titles of the magazine were ''Uyanış'', ''Resimli Uyaniş'', and ''Terwet-i fünūn''. History In 1890 20-year old Ahmet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Hamid II
Abdulhamid II or Abdul Hamid II (; ; 21 September 184210 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, period of decline with rebellions (particularly in the Balkans), and presided over Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), an unsuccessful war with the Russian Empire (1877–78), the loss of Anglo-Egyptian War, Egypt, Cyprus Convention, Cyprus, Congress of Berlin, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, French conquest of Tunisia, Tunisia, and Convention of Constantinople (1881), Thessaly from Ottoman control (1877–1882), followed by a successful Greco-Turkish War (1897), war against Greece in 1897, though Ottoman gains were tempered by subsequent Western European intervention. Elevated to power in the wake of Young Ottomans, Young Ottoman 1876 Ottoman coup d'état, coups, he promulgated the Constitution of the Ottoman Empire, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Government
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a ''written constitution''; if they are encompassed in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a ''codified constitution''. The Constitution of the United Kingdom is a notable example of an ''uncodified constitution''; it is instead written in numerous fundamental acts of a legislature, court cases, and treaties. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from sovereign countries to companies and unincorporated associations. A treaty that establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organization is constituted. Within states, a constitution defin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Speech
Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction. The right to freedom of expression has been recognised as a human right in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international human rights law. Many countries have constitutional law that protects free speech. Terms like ''free speech'', ''freedom of speech,'' and ''freedom of expression'' are used interchangeably in political discourse. However, in a legal sense, the freedom of expression includes any activity of seeking, receiving, and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used. Article 19 of the UDHR states that "everyone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference" and "everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
31 March Incident
The 31 March incident () was an uprising in the Ottoman Empire in April 1909, during the Second Constitutional Era. The incident broke out during the night of 30–31 Mart 1325 in Rumi calendar ( GC 12–13 April 1909), thus named after 31 March where March is the equivalent to Rumi month Mart. Occurring soon after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, in which the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) had successfully restored the Constitution and ended the absolute rule of Sultan Abdul Hamid II (), it is sometimes referred to as an attempted countercoup or counterrevolution. It consisted of a general uprising against the CUP within Istanbul, largely led by reactionary groups, particularly Islamists opposed to the secularising influence of the CUP and supporters of absolutism, although liberal opponents of the CUP within the Liberty Party also played a lesser role. Eleven days later the uprising was suppressed and the former government restored when elements of the Ottoman Army ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehâsin
''Mehâsin'' (Ottoman Turkish: ''Virtues'') was a monthly women's magazine which was published in the Ottoman Empire between 1908 and 1909. It was one of the publications started in the aftermath of the Young Turk Revolution and was subtitled as ''Hanımlara Mahsus'' (Ottoman Turkish: ''For Women''). It is known for being the first color women's magazine in the Empire. History and profile The first issue of ''Mehâsin'' appeared on 14 September 1908. Its founders and directors were Asaf Muammer and Mehmed Rauf. The magazine came out monthly and was headquartered in Istanbul. In the inner cover Abdülhak Hamid's statement about women was published in each issue: "Bir milletin nisvanı derece-i terakkisinin mizanıdır.” (Ottoman Turkish: A nation's women are the measure of its modernity.). Following its seventh issue ''Mehâsin'' temporarily ceased publication for three months due to low sales. The magazine folded on 25 November 1909 and produced twelve issues during its lifet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Committee Of Union And Progress
The Ottoman Committee of Union and Progress (CUP, also translated as the Society of Union and Progress; , French language, French: ''Union et Progrès'') was a revolutionary group, secret society, and political party, active between 1889 and 1926 in the Ottoman Empire and in the Turkey, Republic of Turkey. The foremost faction of the Young Turks, the CUP instigated the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, which ended absolute monarchy and began the Second Constitutional Era. After an ideological transformation, from 1913 to 1918, the CUP ruled the empire as a dictatorship and committed Genocides in history#Ottoman Empire/Turkey, genocides against the Armenian genocide, Armenian, Greek genocide, Greek, and Sayfo, Assyrian peoples as part of a broader policy of ethnic erasure during the late Ottoman period. The CUP and its members have often been referred to as "Young Turks", although the Young Turk movement produced List of political parties in the Ottoman Empire, other Ottoman political par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanin (newspaper)
''Tanin'' (Turkish: "resonance") was a Turkish newspaper. It was founded in 1908 after the Young Turk Revolution, by Tevfik Fikret, the Ottoman poet who is considered the founder of the modern school of Turkish poetry. It became a strong supporter of the new progressive ruling party, the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP; ), and pluralism and diversity were reflected on the pages of ''Tanin''. The offices of the ''Tanin'' and ''Şûrâ-yı Ümmet'', another publication supportive of the Committee, were destroyed during the 31 March Incident that deposed Abdul Hamid II. During this time, the ''Tanin's'' editor, Hüseyin Cahid, escaped to Odessa ODESSA is an American codename (from the German language, German: ''Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen'', meaning: Organization of Former SS Members) coined in 1946 to cover Ratlines (World War II aftermath), Nazi underground escape-pl .... It was published until 1947. Although Tevfik Fikret was initially supportive of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Young Turk Revolution
The Young Turk Revolution (July 1908; ) was a constitutionalist revolution in the Ottoman Empire. Revolutionaries belonging to the Internal Committee of Union and Progress, an organization of the Young Turks movement, forced Sultan Abdul Hamid II to restore the Constitution of the Ottoman Empire, Constitution, recall the General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire, parliament, and schedule an 1908 Ottoman general election, election. Thus began the Second Constitutional Era which lasted from 1908–1912 and also the Turkish Revolution, an era of political instability and social change which lasted for more than four decades. The revolution took place in Rumelia, Ottoman Rumeli in the context of the Macedonian Struggle and the increasing instability of the Hamidian regime. It began with CUP member Ahmed Niyazi Bey, Ahmed Niyazi's flight into the Albanian highlands. He was soon joined by Enver Pasha, İsmail Enver, Eyüp Sabri Akgöl, Eyub Sabri, and other Unionist officers. They networke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın
Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın (7 December 1874 – 18 October 1957) was a prominent Turkish theorist, writer, and politician. He is famous for having been a dissident journalist, who was put on trial and punished due to his political newspaper columns. His publications defending the idea of a homogenous nation became popular within the Committee of Union and Progress. Biography Hüseyin Cahit was born in 1874 in Balıkesir. He was a graduate of Vefa High School, Istanbul. He started his literary life by writing stories, novels and prose poems. He later wrote on journalism, criticism and translation. He also wrote satirical poems under the pseudonym Hemrah. He is one of the most important figures of the ''Edebiyat-ı Cedide'' (New Literary Movement). After the Second Constitutional Era, he helped Tevfik Fikret and Hüseyin Kâzım to publish the '' Tanin'' newspaper, as it was put into political life. He started his political career and joined the Committee of Union and Progress. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samipaşazade Sezai
Samipaşazade Sezai (1859 – 1936) was an Ottoman and later Turkish educator, politician, diplomat and writer, who was one of the leading lights of the Turkish Romantic period. He also served as the ambassador to Spain and later Switzerland during the First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to .... References 1859 births 1936 deaths Diplomats from Istanbul 19th-century writers from the Ottoman Empire 20th-century Turkish politicians Educators from the Ottoman Empire Turkish writers 20th-century Turkish diplomats {{turkey-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
