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Taxonomy Of The Animals (Hutchins Et Al., 2003)
The taxonomy of the animals presented by Hutchins ''et al.'' in 2003Hutchins, M. et al. (eds.). ''Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia'', 2nd ed., 17 vols., Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, 2003. in ''Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia'' is a system of classification which covers all the metazoans, from phyla to orders (or families, for Hexapoda and Pisces, or species, for Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia). Animalia (= Metazoa) Phylum Porifera *Phylum Porifera **Class Calcarea ***Order Baeriida ***Order Clathrinida ***Order Leucosoleniida ***Order Lithonida ***Order Murrayonida **Class Hexactinellida ***Order Amphidiscosida ***Order Aulocalycoida ***Order Hexactinosida ***Order Lychniscosida ***Order Lyssacinosida **Class Demospongiae ***Order Agelasida ***Order Astrophorida ***Order Chondrosida ***Order Dendroceratida ***Order Dictyoceratida ***Order Hadromerida ***Order Halichondrida ***Order Halisarcida ***Order Haplosclerida ***Order Homosclerophorida ***Orde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
__NOTOC__ ''Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia'' is a large comprehensive encyclopedia of animal life. It is named after its original editor in chief, Bernhard Grzimek ().{{Cite web, title=Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia act sheet, publisher=Gale Cengage Learning , year=2008 , url=http://www.gale.cengage.com/pdf/facts/Grzimek.pdf , accessdate=2010-09-27 , url-status=dead , archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027140730/http://www.gale.cengage.com/pdf/facts/Grzimek.pdf , archivedate=October 27, 2011 Originally the encyclopedia was published as a 13-volume set in German under the name ''Grzimeks Tierleben'' (''Grzimek's Animal Life'') in 1967-1972; it was translated into English in 1972-75. The encyclopedia was an international collaboration by a large number of scientists including Theodor Haltenorth, Wolfgang Gewalt, Heinz-Georg Klös, Konrad Lorenz, Heinz Heck, Lutz Heck, Jean Dorst, Constantine Walter Benson, Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt, Helmut Sick, Heini Hediger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrophorida
Astrophorina is a suborder of sea sponges in the class Demospongiae. Astrophorina was formerly named Astrophorida and classified as an order, but it is now recognised as a suborder of Tetractinellida Tetractinellida is an order of sea sponges belonging to the Class Demospongiae. First described in 1876, this order received a new description in 2012 and replaced the two orders Astrophorida and Spirophorida, which then became sub-orders as A ...Morrow & Cárdenas' (2015) revision of the higher taxa of the Demospongiae, Astrophorida sensu Lévi, 1973 (and sensu Hooper & Van Soest, 2002) Bibliography * * Morrow & Cárdenas' (2015) revision of the higher taxa of the Demospongiae, Astrophorida sensu Lévi, 1973 (and sensu Hooper & Van Soest, 2002) References Taxa named by James Scott Bowerbank {{demosponge-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placozoa
The Placozoa are a basal form of marine free-living (non-parasitic) multicellular organism. They are the simplest in structure of all animals. Three genera have been found: the classical '' Trichoplax adhaerens'', '' Hoilungia hongkongensis'', and '' Polyplacotoma mediterranea'', where the last appears most basal. The last two have been found only since 2017. Although the Placozoa were first discovered in 1883 by the German zoologist Franz Eilhard Schulze (1840–1921) and since the 1970s more systematically analyzed by the German protozoologist Karl Gottlieb Grell (1912–1994), a common name does not yet exist for the taxon; the scientific name means "flat animals". Biology ''Trichoplax'' is a small, flattened, animal around across. An amorphous multi-celled body, analogous to a single-celled '' Amoeba'', it has no regular outline, although the lower surface is somewhat concave, and the upper surface is always flattened. The body consists of an outer layer of simple epit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verticillitida
Dictyoceratida is an order of sponges in the subclass Ceractinomorpha containing five families. Along with the Dendroceratida, it is one of the two orders of demosponges that make up the keratose or "horny" sponges, in which a mineral skeleton is minimal or absent and a skeleton of organic fibers containing spongin Spongin, a modified type of collagen protein, forms the fibrous skeleton of most organisms among the phylum Porifera, the sponges. It is secreted by sponge cells known as spongocytes. Spongin gives a sponge its flexibility. True spongin is found ..., a collagen-like material, is present instead. References External links Sponge orders {{demosponge-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verongida
Verongiida (also known as Verongida) is an order of sea sponges within the phylum Porifera. The "skeleton" in these sponges is made up of spongin, rather than of spicules Spicules are any of various small needle-like anatomical structures occurring in organisms Spicule may also refer to: * Spicule (sponge), small skeletal elements of sea sponges * Spicule (nematode), reproductive structures found in male nematodes .... They live in marine environments. The name was proposed by Patricia Bergquist in 1978. References Sponge orders Verongimorpha Taxa named by Patricia Bergquist {{Demosponge-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spirophorida
''Spirophorina'' is a suborder of sea sponges belonging to the class Demospongiae Demosponges (Demospongiae) are the most diverse class in the phylum Porifera. They include 76.2% of all species of sponges with nearly 8,800 species worldwide (World Porifera Database). They are sponges with a soft body that covers a hard, .... Bibliography * References Taxa named by Patricia Bergquist {{demosponge-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poecilosclerida
Poecilosclerida is an order of the demosponge class. It is the most speciose demosponge order with over 2200 species (World Porifera Database). It contains about 25 recognised families. They are characterised by having chelae microscleres, that is, the minute spicules scattered through the tissues, usually in the 10-60 μm range, have a shovel-like structure on the end. Most of the families are viviparous with parenchymella larvae that are uniformly ciliated The cilium, plural cilia (), is a membrane-bound organelle found on most types of eukaryotic cell, and certain microorganisms known as ciliates. Cilia are absent in bacteria and archaea. The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike projec .... Families As of 2018, the following families are recognized: References {{demosponge-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homosclerophorida
Homosclerophorida is an order of marine sponges. It is the only order in the monotypic class Homoscleromorpha. The order is composed of two families: Plakinidae and Oscarellidae. Taxonomy Homoscleromorpha is phylogenetically well separated from Demospongiae. Therefore, it has been recognized as the fourth class of sponges. It has been suggested that Homoscleromorpha are more closely related to eumetazoans than to the other sponge groups, rendering sponges paraphyletic.Sperling, Pisani and Peterson 2007, cited in: The Cambrian Explosion p. 80, Erwin and Valentine 2013 This view has not been supported by later work using larger datasets and new techniques for phylogenetic inference, which tend to support sponges as monophyletic, with Homoscleromorpha grouping together with Calcarea. On the basis of molecular and morphological evidence, the two families Plakinidae and Oscarellidae have been reinstated. There are 117 species in this group divided into 9 genera. The spiculate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haplosclerida
Haplosclerida is an order of demosponges. It contains the following families: * Calcifibrospongiidae Hartman, 1979 * Callyspongiidae Callyspongiidae is a family of sea sponges Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores a ... de Laubenfels, 1936 * Chalinidae Gray, 1867 * Niphatidae Van Soest, 1980 * Petrosiidae Van Soest, 1980 * Phloeodictyidae Carter, 1882 References {{demosponge-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halisarcida
Chondrosiida is an order of sea sponges within the subclass Verongimorpha Verongimorpha is the name of a subclass of sea sponges within the phylum Porifera Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular or .... References Verongimorpha Sponge orders {{Poriferan-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halichondrida
Heteroscleromorpha is a subclass of demosponges within the phylum Porifera Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate throug ....van Soest, R. (2016)Heteroscleromorpha.Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2017-02-17. References Sponge subclasses Taxa named by Nicole Boury-Esnault {{Demosponge-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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