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Tatar Invasions
These are lists of battles of the Mongol invasion of Europe. Lists of battles Mongol invasions of Eastern Europe Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' (1223, 1237–1241) Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria (1223–1236) * 1223: First Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria. Battle of Samara Bend ends with Mongol defeat. * 1229–1230: Second Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria. * 1236: Third Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria; Volga Bulgaria and parts of Cumania were conquered. Mongol invasions of the North Caucasus * 1237–1242 Mongol invasion of Cumania * 1237–1253: Mongol invasion of Circassia * 13th century: Mongol invasions of Durdzuketia (modern Chechnya and Ingushetia) Golden Horde battles (from 1242) Mongol invasions of Central Europe (1240–1288) * 1237–1240: Mongol invasions of Lithuania (first). * late 1240–1241: First Mongol invasion of Poland (including Bohemia). * March 1241 – April 1242: First Mongol invasion of Hungary * 1241: Battle of Legni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongol Invasion Of Europe
From the 1220s to the 1240s, the Mongol Empire, Mongols conquered the Turkic peoples, Turkic states of Volga Bulgaria, Cumania and Iranian peoples, Iranian state of Alania, and various principalities in Eastern Europe. Following this, they began their invasion into Central Europe by launching a two-pronged invasion of History of Poland during the Piast dynasty, then-fragmented Poland, culminating in the Battle of Legnica (9 April 1241), and the Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301), Kingdom of Hungary, culminating in the Battle of Mohi (11 April 1241). Invasions were also launched into the Caucasus against the Kingdom of Georgia, the Chechens, the Ingush people, Ingush, and Circassia though they Mongol invasion of Circassia, failed to fully subjugate the latter. More invasions were launched in Southeast Europe against Second Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria, Croatia in personal union with Hungary, Croatia, and the Latin Empire. The operations were planned by General Subutai (1175–1248) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Mongol Invasion Of Hungary
The second invasion of the Kingdom of Hungary by the Mongols took place during the winter of 1285–1286. The Mongols were led by Nogai Khan and Tulabuga of the Golden Horde. Local forces resisted the invaders at many places, including, for example, at Regéc. The invasion lasted for two months before the Mongols withdrew. Prelude The first invasion In 1241, a Mongol army under Subutai and Batu Khan invaded central and eastern Europe, including Poland, Bulgaria, Croatia, and the Kingdom of Hungary. The Hungarian attempt to halt the invasion at the Battle of Mohi failed catastrophically. The light cavalry that made up most of the Hungarian mounted forces had proven ineffective against the Mongol troops, though the few heavily armored knights (mostly those of the Knights Templar) performed significantly better when engaged in close quarters combat. The Mongols decisively crushed the Hungarian army, and proceeded to ravage the countryside for the next year. By the end of their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasily Klyuchevsky
Vasily Osipovich Klyuchevsky (; – ) was a leading Russian Empire, Russian Imperial historian of the late imperial period. He also addressed the contemporary Russian economy in his writings. Biography A village priest's son, Klyuchevsky studied at Moscow University under Sergey Solovyov (historian), Sergey Solovyov, to whose chair he succeeded in 1879. His first important publications were an article on economic activities of the Solovetsky Monastery (1867) and a thesis on medieval Russian hagiography (1871). Kluchevsky was one of the first Russian historians to shift attention away from political and social issues to geographical and economical forces. He was particularly interested in the process of Russian colonisation of Siberia and the Far East. In 1882, he published his landmark study of the Boyar Duma, whereby he asserted his view of a state as a result of collaboration of diverse classes of society. In 1889, Klyuchevsky was elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crimean–Nogai Slave Raids In Eastern Europe
Between 1441 and 1774, the Crimean Khanate and the Nogai Horde conducted Slave raiding, slave raids throughout lands primarily controlled by History of Russia, Russia and Polish–Lithuanian union, Poland–Lithuania. Concentrated in Eastern Europe, but also stretching to the Caucasus and parts of Central Europe, these raids were often supported by the Ottoman Empire and involved the transportation of European men, women, and children to the History of slavery in the Muslim world, Muslim world, where they were put on the market and sold as part of the Crimean slave trade and the Slavery in the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman slave trade. The regular abductions of people over the course of numerous incursions by the Crimean Tatars, Crimeans and the Nogais greatly drained Eastern Europe's human and economic resources, consequently playing an important role in the emergence of the semi-militarized Cossacks, who organized Cossack raids, retaliatory campaigns against the raiders and their Ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timeline Of The Golden Horde
This is a timeline of events involving the Golden Horde (1242–1502), from 1459 also known as the Great Horde. 13th century ''For pre-1242 events involving Mongols in Europe, see Timeline of the Mongol Empire § 13th century'' 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s 1290s 14th century 1300s 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s 1360s 1370s 1380s 1390s 15th century 1400s 1410s 1420s 1430s 1440s 1450s 1460s 1470s 1480s 16th century Gallery File:RYAZAN.JPG, Golden Horde raid at Ryazan File:Siege of Kiev (1240).png, Golden Horde raid at Kyev File:Oborona Kozelska.jpg, Golden Horde raid at Kozelsk File:Mongols vladimir.jpg, Golden Horde raid Vladimir File:Ephrosinia of Suzdal.jpg, Golden Horde raid Suzdal File:Facial Chronicle - b.10, p.049 - Tokhtamysh at Moscow.jpg, Tokhtamysh besieges Moscow See also * Kiev in the Golden Horde period * Timeline of the Yuan dynasty * Timeline of the Ilkhanate * Timeline of the Chagatai Khanate * Timeline of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Destruction Under The Mongol Empire
The Mongol conquests resulted in widespread and well-documented death and destruction throughout Eurasia, as the Mongol army invaded hundreds of cities and killed millions of people. As such, the Mongol Empire, which remains the largest contiguous polity to ever have existed, is regarded as having perpetrated some of the deadliest acts of mass killing in human history. More recently, the Mongol Empire's conquests have been classified as genocidal. For example, British historian John Joseph Saunders described Mongol troops as "the most notorious practitioners of genocide". Strategy Genghis Khan and his generals preferred to offer their enemies a chance to surrender without resistance. These enemies would then become vassals by sending tribute, accepting Mongol residents, and/or contributing troops. In return, the Khan would guarantee their protection, but only if those who submitted to Mongol rule were obedient. Those who agreed to pay the Mongols tribute were spared invasio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan (title), khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongols, Mongol tribes, he launched Mongol invasions and conquests, a series of military campaigns, conquering large parts of Mongol conquest of China, China and Mongol invasion of Central Asia, Central Asia. Born between 1155 and 1167 and given the name Temüjin, he was the eldest child of Yesugei, a Mongol chieftain of the Borjigin, Borjigin clan, and his wife Hö'elün. When Temüjin was eight, his father died and his family was abandoned by its tribe. Reduced to near-poverty, Temüjin killed Behter, his older half-brother to secure his familial position. His charismatic personality helped to attract his first followers and to form alliances with two prominent Eurasian Steppe, steppe leaders named Jamukha and Toghrul; they worked together to retrieve Temüjin's newlywed wife Börte, who had b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbian Conflict With The Nogai Horde
The Mongol (Tatar) clique of Nogai Khan, a part of the larger Golden Horde, was heavily involved in the Kingdom of Serbia in the 1280s and 1290s. A serious invasion was threatened in 1292 but was averted when Serbia accepted Mongol lordship. The Balkan push of Nogai's clique was broader than just Serbia. In 1292, it resulted in the deposition and exile of King George I of Bulgaria. The sporadic conflict with the Golden Horde was the second major confrontation of the Serbs with the Mongols after the Mongol invasion of Serbia in 1242. 1282–83 In 1282, the Serbian king Stefan Milutin invaded northern Macedonia, then a part of the Byzantine Empire. The Emperor Michael VIII was distracted at the time by his conflict with the Despot John I of Thessaly, however, and called upon Nogai Khan to provide him with troops to attack Thessaly. Nogai sent 4,000 cavalrymen, who arrived in Thrace in October. On 11 December, however, Michael VIII died. His son, Andronikos II, did not wish to p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgaria
Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the tenth largest within the European Union and the List of European countries by area, sixteenth-largest country in Europe by area. Sofia is the nation's capital and List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, largest city; other major cities include Burgas, Plovdiv, and Varna, Bulgaria, Varna. One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Karanovo culture (6,500 BC). In the 6th to 3rd century BC, the region was a battleground for ancient Thracians, Persians, Celts and Ancient Macedonians, Macedonians; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45. After the Roman state splintered, trib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongol Invasion Of Byzantine Thrace
The Mongol invasion of Byzantine Thrace took place in the winter of AD 1263/1264. The Seljuk Sultan of Rûm Kayqubad II appealed to Berke, Khan of the Golden Horde, to attack the Byzantine Empire in order to free his brother Kaykaus II. Background These events are rather well-reported from various perspectives. Among the Egyptian sources are Baybars, Badr al-Din al-Ayni, al-Dhahabi, al-Nuwayri and al-Maqrizi; among the Persian Ibn Bibi and al-Aqsarayi; among the Byzantine George Akropolites, George Pachymeres and Nicephorus Gregoras; and among the Turkish the '' Selçukname''. According to Ibn Bibi and al-Aqsarayi, Kaykaus plotted to overthrow the Emperor Michael VIII, but his plans were revealed by his maternal uncle, Kyr Kedid. The emperor had his equerry blinded, his general executed and his family imprisoned. Kaykaus then turned to the Golden Horde. According to al-Aqsarayi, one of his paternal aunts was a wife of Berke. According to Pachymeres, he had an uncle of high ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongol Invasion Of The Latin Empire
In the summer of 1242, a Mongolian Empire, Mongol force invaded the Latin Empire, Latin Empire of Constantinople. This force, a detachment of the army under Qadan then Mongol invasion of Bulgaria and Serbia, devastating Bulgaria, entered the empire from the north. It was met by the Emperor Baldwin II, Latin Emperor, Baldwin II, who was victorious in a first encounter but was subsequently defeated. The encounters probably took place in Thrace, but little can be said about them owing to the paucity of sources. Subsequent relations between Baldwin and the Mongol khans have been taken as evidence by some that Baldwin was captured and forced to make submission to the Mongols and pay tribute. Together with the major Mongol invasions of Anatolia, Mongol invasion of Anatolia the following year (1243), the Mongol defeat of Baldwin precipitated a power shift in the Aegean Sea, Aegean world. Sources There is only one primary source that explicitly mentions a Mongol raid into the Latin Empi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongol Invasion Of Bulgaria And Serbia
During the Mongol invasion of Europe, Mongol '' tumen''s led by Batu Khan and Kadan invaded Serbia and then Bulgaria in the spring of 1242 after defeating the Hungarians at the Battle of Mohi and ravaging the Hungarian regions of Croatia, Dalmatia and Bosnia. Initially, the troops of Kadan moved south along the Adriatic Sea into Serbian territory. Then, turning east, it crossed the centre of the country—plundering as it went—and entered Bulgaria, where it was joined by the rest of the army under Batu. The campaigning in Bulgaria probably happened mainly in the north, where archaeology yields evidence of destruction from this period. The Mongols did, however, cross Bulgaria to attack the Latin Empire to its south before withdrawing completely. Bulgaria was forced to pay tribute to the Mongols, and this continued thereafter. Background Relations between Hungary and Serbia were poor on the eve of the Mongol invasion. The Serbian king, Stefan Vladislav, had married Beloslava, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
