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Tang Poetry
Tang poetry () refers to poetry written in or around the time of or in the characteristic style of China's Tang dynasty, (June 18, 618 – June 4, 907, including the 690–705 reign of Wu Zetian) and/or follows a certain style, often considered as the Golden Age of Chinese poetry. The ''Complete Tang Poems'' includes over 48,900 poems written by over 2,200 authors. During the Tang dynasty, poetry continued to be an important part of social life at all levels of society. Scholars were required to master poetry for the civil service exams, but the art was theoretically available to everyone. This led to a large record of poetry and poets, a partial record of which survives today. The two most famous poets of the period were Li Bai and Du Fu. The Qing dynasty selection, ''Three Hundred Tang Poems'', has made Tang poetry familiar to educated Chinese in modern times. Periodization The periodization scheme employed in this article is the one detailed by the Ming dynasty scholar Gao B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shi (poetry)
''Shi'' and ''shih''Based on the Wade-Giles system formerly used by Taiwan and English-speaking countries. are romanizations of the character /, the Chinese word for all poetry generally and across all languages. In Western analysis of the styles of Chinese poetry, ''shi'' is also used as a term of art for a specific poetic tradition, modeled after the Old Chinese works collected in the Confucian ''Classic of Poetry''. This anthology included both aristocratic poems (the "Hymns" and " Eulogies") and more rustic works believed to have derived from Huaxia folk songs (the " Odes"). They are composed in ancient Chinese, mostly in four- character lines. In such analysis, "''shi''" poetry is contrasted with other forms such as the Chu-derived "'' cí''" and the Han-era "'' fu''".Watson, Burton. ''Chinese Lyricism: Shih Poetry from the Second to the Twelfth Century''. Columbia Univ. Press (New York), 1971. .Frankel, Hans. ''The Flowering Plum and the Palace Lady''. Yale Univ. Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Han Poetry
Han poetry is associated with the Han dynasty era of China, 206 BC – 220 AD, including the Wang Mang interregnum (9–23 AD). Han poetry is considered a significant period in Classical Chinese poetry due to several important developments. One key aspect was the development of the quasipoetic ''fu'', a distinctive literary form. The activities of the Music Bureau, which collected popular ballads, led to the creation of what would later be known as the yuefu, ''yuefu'', a rhapsodic poetic style. Towards the end of the Han dynasty, a Jian'an poetry, new style of ''shi'' poetry emerged. As the ''yuefu'' evolved into fixed-line forms resembling ''shi'' poetry, distinguishing between the two styles became increasingly difficult. Consequently, the classification of certain poems as ''yuefu'' or ''shi'' is often somewhat arbitrary. Major works from the Han era include the compilation of the ''Chuci'' anthology, which contains some of the oldest and most important poetic verses to be p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shijing
The ''Classic of Poetry'', also ''Shijing'' or ''Shih-ching'', translated variously as the ''Book of Songs'', ''Book of Odes'', or simply known as the ''Odes'' or ''Poetry'' (; ''Shī''), is the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, comprising 305 works dating from the 11th to 7th centuries BC. It is one of the "Five Classics" traditionally said to have been compiled by Confucius, and has been studied and memorized by scholars in China and neighboring countries over two millennia. It is also a rich source of '' chengyu'' (four-character classical idioms) that are still a part of learned discourse and even everyday language in modern Chinese. Since the Qing dynasty, its rhyme patterns have also been analysed in the study of Old Chinese phonology. Name Early references refer to the anthology as the ''300 Poems'' ('' shi''). ''The Odes'' first became known as a ''jīng'', or a "classic book", in the canonical sense, as part of the Han dynasty's official adoption of Conf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chu Ci
The ''Chu Ci'', variously translated as ''Verses of Chu'', ''Songs of Chu'', or ''Elegies of Chu'', is an ancient anthology of Chinese poetry including works traditionally attributed mainly to Qu Yuan and Song Yu from the Warring States period, as well as a large number of works composed during the Han dynasty several centuries later.Hawkes, David. Ch'u Tz'u: ''Songs of the South, an Ancient Chinese Anthology''. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959), 28. The traditional version of the ''Chu Ci'' contains 17 major sections, anthologized with its current contents by Wang Yi, a 2nd-century AD librarian who served under Emperor Shun of Han. Classical Chinese poetry prior to the Qin dynasty is largely known through the ''Chu Ci'' and the ''Classic of Poetry''. Background The ''Chu Ci'' was named after a form of poetry that originated in the State of Chu, which was located in what is now central China, but was then in the southern fringe of the Chinese cultural area. The territory of Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Bo
Li Bai (, 701–762), also pronounced Li Bo, courtesy name Taibai (), was a Chinese poet acclaimed as one of the greatest and most important poets of the Tang dynasty and in Chinese history as a whole. He and his friend Du Fu (712–770) were two of the most prominent figures in the flourishing of Chinese poetry under the Tang dynasty, which is often called the " Golden Age of Chinese Poetry". The expression "Three Wonders" denotes Li Bai's poetry, Pei Min's swordplay, and Zhang Xu's calligraphy. Around 1,000 poems attributed to Li are extant. His poems have been collected into the most important Tang dynasty collection, ''Heyue yingling ji'', compiled in 753 by Yin Fan. Thirty-four of Li Bai's poems are included in the anthology ''Three Hundred Tang Poems'', which was first published in the 18th century. Around the same time, translations of his poems began to appear in Europe. In Ezra Pound's famous work ''Cathay'' (1915), Li Bai's poems enjoy the lion's share (11 out of 19). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Changan
Chang'an (; zh, t=長安, s=长安, p=Cháng'ān, first=t) is the traditional name of the city now named Xi'an and was the capital of several Chinese dynasties, ranging from 202 BCE to 907 CE. The site has been inhabited since Neolithic times, during which the Yangshao culture was established in Banpo, in what is now the city's suburbs. Furthermore, in the northern vicinity of modern Xi'an, Qin Shi Huang of the Qin dynasty, China's first emperor, held his imperial court and constructed his massive mausoleum guarded by the Terracotta Army. From its capital at Xianyang, the Qin dynasty ruled a larger area than either of the preceding dynasties. The imperial city of Chang'an during the Han dynasty was located northwest of today's Xi'an. During the Tang dynasty, the area that came to be known as Chang'an included the area inside the Ming Xi'an fortification, plus some small areas to its east and west, and a substantial part of its southern suburbs. Thus, Tang Chang'an was eight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunhuang Manuscripts
The Dunhuang manuscripts are a wide variety of religious and secular documents (mostly manuscripts, including Hemp paper, hemp, silk, paper and Woodblock printing, woodblock-printed texts) in Old Tibetan, Tibetan, Chinese, and other languages that were discovered by an itinerant Daoist monk called Wang Yuanlu in 1900 at the Mogao Caves of Sachu in East Turkestan (now Dunhuang, Gansu, China). Wang Yuanlu took control of the Mogao caves, and sold the manuscripts to Paul Pelliot and Aurel Stein for a very low price. Knowing the Philology, philological value of the Dunhuang manuscripts, Stein and Pelliot bought them from Wang and took them from China to Europe. The majority of the surviving texts come from a large cache of documents produced at the Sachu historic printing center between the late 4th and early 11th centuries, which had been sealed in the Mogao Caves#The Library Cave, Library Cave (Cave 17) at some point in the early 11th century. The printing center at Sachu (Dunhu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quan Tangwen
Quán is the Pinyin romanization of the Chinese family names / and , as well as a customary spelling of (pinyin: Guān). All written forms of the name are rare enough that they do not appear in the list of the 100 most common Chinese surnames. 權 Quan () is a Chinese surname. A notable with the surname Quan surname was Quan Deyu, who was born in 759 during the reign of Emperor Suzong. His family claimed to descend from the Later Qin official Quan Yi (權翼). His family tree was from the Sui dynasty official Quan Rong (權榮). During the Shang dynasty, the Quan family founded the state of Quan (權國). In the state of Chu, the Xiong family lived in Quan County (權縣), and took the surname Quan. 全 Quan (), is a Chinese family name. Liang and Yang in alternative Mandarin are other spellings. The character 全 is rendered as Jeon in Korean and is one of several Chinese characters for the common Korean surname Jeon (Chun). The character 全 is rendered as Toà ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qu (poetry)
The ''Qu'' form of poetry is a type of Classical Chinese poetry form, consisting of words written in one of a number of certain, set tone patterns, based upon the tunes of various songs. Thus ''Qu'' poems are lyrics with lines of varying longer and shorter lengths, set according to the certain and specific, fixed patterns of rhyme and tone of conventional musical pieces upon which they are based and after which these matched variations in lyrics (or individual ''Qu'' poems) generally take their name.Yip, 306-308 The fixed-tone type of verse such as the ''Qu'' and the '' ci'' together with the '' shi'' and '' fu'' forms of poetry comprise the three main forms of Classical Chinese poetry. Names and types In Chinese literature, the ''Qu'' () form of poetry from the Yuan Dynasty may be called ''Yuanqu'' (元曲 P: ''Yuánqǔ'', W: ''Yüan-ch'ü''). Qu may be derived from Chinese opera, such as the ''Zaju'' (雜劇), in which case these Qu may be referred to as '' sanqu'' (散曲). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ci (poetry)
''Cí'' (pronounced ; zh, t=詞), also known as ''chángduǎnjù'' ( zh, t=長短句, s=长短句, l=lines of irregular lengths, first=t, labels=no) and ''shīyú'' ( zh, t=詩餘, s=诗馀, l=the poetry besides Shi, first=t, labels=no), is a type of lyric poetry in the tradition of Classical Chinese poetry that also draws upon folk traditions. ''Cí,'' also known as "song lyrics," use various poetic meters derived from a base set of fixed pattern forms, using fixed-rhythm, fixed-tone, and line-lengths varying according that of the model examples. The rhythmic and tonal pattern of the ''cí'' are based upon certain, definitive musical song tunes (''cípái''), and in many cases the name of the musical tune is given in the title of a ''cí'' piece, in a form such as "after (the tune of)...." Typically, the number of characters in each line and the arrangement of tones were determined by one of around 800 set patterns, each associated with a particular title, called ''cípái'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fu (poetry)
''Fu'' (), often translated "rhapsody" or "poetic exposition", is a form of Chinese rhymed prose that was the dominant literary form in China during the Han dynasty (206 BCAD220). ''Fu'' are intermediary pieces between poetry and prose in which a place, object, feeling, or other subject is described and rhapsodized in exhaustive detail and from as many angles as possible. They were not sung like songs, but were recited or chanted. The distinguishing characteristics of ''fu'' include alternating rhyme and prose, varying line lengths, close alliteration, onomatopoeia, loose parallelism, and extensive cataloging of their topics. Classical ''fu'' composers tended to use as wide a vocabulary as possible in their compositions, and therefore ''fu'' often contain rare and archaic Chinese words and characters. The ''fu'' genre came into being around the 3rd to 2nd centuries BC and continued to be regularly used into the Song dynasty (9601279). ''Fu'' were used as grand praises ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
