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Taj Al-'Arus Min Jawahir Al-Qamus
''Taj al-'Arus min Jawahir al-Qamus'' (, short title ''Taj al-'Arus;'' "The Bride's Crown from the Pearls of al-Qāmūs") is an Arabic language dictionary written by the Egyptian scholar Murtada al-Zabidi (1732–1790), one of the foremost philologists of the Arab post-classical era. The monumental dictionary contains around 120,000 definitions, and is an expansion of Fairuzabadi's earlier ''Qamus al-Muhit'' and Ibn Manzur's ''Lisan al-Arab''. It is considered the largest Arabic dictionary ever written in history. Begun in 1760, when al-Zabidi was 29 years old, the dictionary took him fourteen years to complete; he concluded it on the eighth of September 1774. The dictionary's introduction included a lengthy commentary on the dictionary of Fairuzabadi. Zabidi's chose a feminine subject in the title of his dictionary in commemoration of his deceased wife; he made use of antecedents, particularly Fairuzabadi's ''Qamus'' and Ibn Manzur's ''Lisan al-Arab'', and undertook multiple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Firuzabadi
Firuzabadi ( ; 1329–1414), whose proper name was Abu 'l-Ṭāhir Muḥammad ib Yaʿqūb ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm Majd al-Dīn al-Shāfiʿī al-Shīrāzī (), was a Persian Sunni Muslim polymath. He excelled in hadith, grammar, philology, history, literature, poetry and Islamic jurisprudence. He was a revered narrator and preserver of Prophetic traditions. Regarded as a major linguist and one of the prominent scholars of the 15th century. He was one of the leading lexicographers in the medieval Islamic world. He was the compiler of '' Al-Qāmūs al-Muḥīṭ'' "The Encompassing '' Ōkeanós''", a comprehensive Arabic dictionary which, for nearly five centuries, was one of the most widely used. Name Known simply as Muḥammad ibn Ya'qūb al-Fīrūzābādī (), his nisbas "al-Shīrāzī" and "al-Fīrūzābādī" refer to the cities of Shiraz (located near Kazerun, his place of birth) and Firuzabad (his father's hometown) in Fars, Persia, respectively. Lineage Al-Furazabadi c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Arabic Dictionaries
Following are lists of notable Arabic dictionaries. Explanatory dictionaries Bilingual dictionaries Influential Arabic dictionaries in Europe: * Pedro de Alcalá, ''Vocabulista'', 1505. A Spanish-Arabic glossary in transcription only. Edward Lipiński, 2012Arabic Linguistics: A Historiographic Overview pages 32-33 * Valentin Schindler, ''Lexicon Pentaglotton: Hebraicum, Chaldicum, Syriacum, Talmudico-Rabbinicum, et Arabicum'', 1612. Arabic lemmas were printed in Hebrew characters. * Franciscus Raphelengius''Lexicon Arabicum'' Leiden 1613. The first printed dictionary of the Arabic language in Arabic characters. * Jacobus Golius, ''Lexicon Arabico-Latinum'', Leiden 1653. The dominant Arabic dictionary in Europe for almost two centuries. * Georg Freytag, ''Lexicon Arabico-Latinum'', praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzubadiique et aliorum libris confectum I–IV, Halle 1830–1837 * Edward William Lane, ''Arabic–English Lexicon'', 8 vols, London-Edinburgh 1863–1893. Highly influent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egyptians
Egyptians (, ; , ; ) are an ethnic group native to the Nile, Nile Valley in Egypt. Egyptian identity is closely tied to Geography of Egypt, geography. The population is concentrated in the Nile Valley, a small strip of cultivable land stretching from the Cataracts of the Nile, First Cataract to the Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean and enclosed by desert both to the Eastern Desert, east and to the Western Desert (North Africa), west. This unique geography has been the basis of the DNA history of Egypt, development of Egyptian society since Ancient Egypt, antiquity. The daily language of the Egyptians is a continuum of the local variety of Arabic, varieties of Arabic; the most famous dialect is known as Egyptian Arabic or ''Masri''. Additionally, a sizable minority of Egyptians living in Upper Egypt speak Sa'idi Arabic. Egyptians are predominantly adherents of Sunni Islam with a small Shia minority and a significant proportion who follow native Sufi tariqah, orders.Hoffman, Val ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murtada Al-Zabidi
Al-Murtaḍá al-Husaynī al-Zabīdī (), or Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Murtaḍá al-Zabīdī (1732–1790 / 1145–1205 AH), also known as Murtada al-Zabidi, was an Indian Sunni polymath based in Cairo. He was a Hanafi scholar, hadith specialist, philologist, linguist, lexicographer, genealogist, biographer, historian, mystic and theologian. He was considered one of the leading intellectuals of the 18th century. He was also regarded as the greatest Hadith scholar of his time and one of the foremost philologists of the Arab post-classical era. Biography Murtaḍá' was born in 1732 (1145AH) in Bilgram, Hardoi, Uttar Pradesh, India. His family originated from Wasit in Iraq, from where his parents had emigrated to the Hadramawt region in the east of Yemenwhere the Husaynī tribe is situated. Murtaḍá earned his nisba 'al-Zabīdī' from Zabīd in the south western coastal plains of Yemen, which was a centre of academic learning where he had spent time studying. He began stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philology
Philology () is the study of language in Oral tradition, oral and writing, written historical sources. It is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics with strong ties to etymology. Philology is also defined as the study of literary texts and oral and written records, the establishment of their authentication, authenticity and their original form, and the determination of their meaning. A person who pursues this kind of study is known as a philologist. In older usage, especially British, philology is more general, covering comparative linguistics, comparative and historical linguistics. Classical philology studies classical languages. Classical philology principally originated from the Library of Pergamum and the Library of Alexandria around the fourth century BC, continued by Greeks and Romans throughout the Roman Empire, Roman and Byzantine Empire. It was eventually resumed by European scholars of the Renaissance humanism, Renaissance, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Golden Age
The Islamic Golden Age was a period of scientific, economic, and cultural flourishing in the history of Islam, traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century. This period is traditionally understood to have begun during the reign of the Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (786 to 809) with the inauguration of the House of Wisdom, which saw Ulama, scholars from all over the Muslim world flock to Baghdad, the world's largest city at the time, to translate the known world's classical knowledge into Arabic and Persian language, Persian. The period is traditionally said to have ended with the collapse of the Abbasid caliphate due to Mongol invasions and conquests, Mongol invasions and the Siege of Baghdad (1258), Siege of Baghdad in 1258. There are a few alternative timelines. Some scholars extend the end date of the golden age to around 1350, including the Timurid Renaissance within it, while others place the end of the Islamic Golden Age as late as the en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fairuzabadi
Firuzabadi ( ; 1329–1414), whose proper name was Abu 'l-Ṭāhir Muḥammad ib Yaʿqūb ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm Majd al-Dīn al-Shāfiʿī al-Shīrāzī (), was a Persian Sunni Muslim polymath. He excelled in hadith, grammar, philology, history, literature, poetry and Islamic jurisprudence. He was a revered narrator and preserver of Prophetic traditions. Regarded as a major linguist and one of the prominent scholars of the 15th century. He was one of the leading lexicographers in the medieval Islamic world. He was the compiler of '' Al-Qāmūs al-Muḥīṭ'' "The Encompassing '' Ōkeanós''", a comprehensive Arabic dictionary which, for nearly five centuries, was one of the most widely used. Name Known simply as Muḥammad ibn Ya'qūb al-Fīrūzābādī (), his nisbas "al-Shīrāzī" and "al-Fīrūzābādī" refer to the cities of Shiraz (located near Kazerun, his place of birth) and Firuzabad (his father's hometown) in Fars, Persia, respectively. Lineage Al-Furaza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Manzur
Muhammad ibn Mukarram ibn Alī ibn Ahmad ibn Manzūr al-Ansārī al-Ifrīqī al-Misrī al-Khazrajī () also known as Ibn Manẓūr () (June–July 1233 – December 1311/January 1312) was an Arab lexicographer of the Arabic language and author of a large dictionary, ''Lisan al-ʿArab'' (; ) Biography Ibn Manzur was born in 1233 in Ifriqiya (present day Tunisia). He was of Arab descent, from the Banu Khazraj tribe of Ansar as his ''nisba'' al-Ansārī al-Ifrīqī al-Misrī al-Khazrajī suggests. Ibn Hajar reports that he was a judge (qadi) in Tripoli, Libya and Egypt and spent his life as clerk in the Diwan al-Insha', an office that was responsible among other things for correspondence, archiving and copying. Fück assumes to be able to identify him with Muḥammad b. Mukarram, who was one of the secretaries of this institution (the so called ''Kuttāb al-Inshāʾ'') under Qalawun. Following Brockelmann, Ibn Manzur studied philology. He dedicated most of his life to excerp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lisan Al-Arab
''Lisān al-ʿArab'' () is a dictionary of Arabic completed by Ibn Manzur in 1290. History Ibn Manzur's objective in this project was to reïndex and reproduce the contents of previous works to facilitate readers' use of and access to them. In his introduction to the book, he writes: Occupying 20 printed book volumes (in the most frequently cited edition), it is the best known dictionary of the Arabic language, as well as one of the most comprehensive. Ibn Manzur compiled it from other sources to a large degree. The most important sources for it were the of Azharī, '' Al-Muḥkam'' of Ibn Sidah, ''Al-Nihāya'' of Ibn Athīr and Jauhari's ''Ṣiḥāḥ'', as well as the ''ḥawāshī'' (glosses) of the latter (''Kitāb at-Tanbīh wa-l-Īḍāḥ'') by Ibn Barrī. It follows the ''Ṣiḥāḥ'' in the arrangement of the roots: The headwords are not arranged by the alphabetical order of the radicals as usually done today in the study of Semitic languages, but according ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stefan Reichmuth (academic)
Stefan Reichmuth (born 1950) is a German scholar of Islam. He was Professor at the Institute for Oriental and Islamic Studies at the Department of Philology, Ruhr University Bochum. Life As a PhD student in the early 1980s, Reichmuth translated modern novels by Salah Abd as-Sabur and Tayyib Salih. He married a doctor, Gisela Reichmuth. He started his academic career researching the Arab dialects of the Shukriyya in Sudan. Himself a Christian, he approached Islam from the perspective of humanism. His second major research project was the study of modern Islam in Nigeria for which he undertook sustained fieldwork and learnt several African languages. There he became interested in social network analysis, and studied the Ansar-Ud Deen Society. His "2009 masterpiece" reconstructed the life, works and networks of Murtada al-Zabidi, an 18th-century Indian scholar who studied in Yemen and settled in Cairo Cairo ( ; , ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Egypt and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (V&R) is a scholarly publishing house based in Göttingen, Germany. It was founded in 1735 by (1700–1750) in connection with the establishment of the Georg-August-Universität in the same city. After Abraham Vandenhoeck's death in 1750, his English-born widow, Anna Vandenhoeck, née Parry (d. 1787) successfully continued the business together with Carl Friedrich Günther Ruprecht (born 1730), who had entered the business as an eighteen-year-old apprentice in 1748. At the death of Anna Vandenhoeck in 1787, Ruprecht took over the business which he led until his death in 1816, when he was succeeded by his 25-year-old son Carl August Adolf Ruprecht (1791-1861). The management of the company remained in the hands of the Ruprecht family for seven generations. The traditional core areas of the publications of V&R are Theology and Religion, History, Ancient History, Philosophy and Philology. Current production also includes schoolbooks and non-academic pu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
