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Trib3
Tribbles homolog 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIB3'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a putative protein kinase that is induced by the transcription factor NF-kappaB. It is a pseudoenzyme that is thought to be a negative regulator of NF-kappaB, and can also sensitize cells to TNF- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In addition, this protein has been reported to negatively regulate the cell survival serine-threonine kinase AKT1. TRIB3 has recently been associated with neuronal signalling, and like TRIB1 and TRIB2, could be considered as a potential allosteric drug target Interactions TRIB3 has been shown to interact with: * AKT1, * CSNK2B, * Fibronectin * MCM3AP, * RELA, * SIAH1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SIAH1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SIAH1'' gene. Function This gene encodes for a polypeptide structure that is a member of the seven in absentia homolog (SIAH) family. The protein is an E3 ligase ..., and * TIA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TRIB1
Tribbles homolog 1 is a protein kinase that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIB1'' gene. Orthologs of this protein pseudokinase ( pseudoenzyme) can be found almost ubiquitously throughout the animal kingdom. It exerts its biological functions through binding to signalling proteins of the MAPKK level of the MAPK pathway, therefore eliciting a regulatory role in the function of this pathway which mediates proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation in cells. Tribbles-1 is encoded by the trib1 gene, which in humans can be found on chromosome 8 at position 24.13 on the longest arm (q). Recent crystal structures show that Tribbles 1 has an unusual 3D structure, containing a 'broken' C-helix region, a binding site for ubiquitinated substrates such as C/EBPalpha and a key regulatory C-tail region. Like TRIB2 and TRIB3, TRIB1 has recently been considered as a potential allosteric drug target. Function Tribbles-1 is one of three members of the Tribbles subfamily, which is a part o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TRIB2
Tribbles homolog 2 is an atypical protein kinase that is encoded in human by the ''TRIB2'' gene. TRIB2 is a pseudokinase member of the ( pseudoenzyme) class of signaling/scaffold proteins, possessing little vestigial catalytic output in vitro. It is known to signal to canonical MAPK pathways and to regulate the ubiquitination of substrates with important functions in the immune system. It has also been associated with various diseases, especially in vertebrate leukaemia models. Like TRIB1 Tribbles homolog 1 is a protein kinase that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIB1'' gene. Orthologs of this protein pseudokinase ( pseudoenzyme) can be found almost ubiquitously throughout the animal kingdom. It exerts its biological functions t ... and TRIB3, TRIB2 has recently been considered as a potential allosteric drug target, and is a putative regulator of cancer-associated signalling and survival through AKT pSer473 modulation References Further reading * * * * * * * EC 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SIAH1
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SIAH1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SIAH1'' gene. Function This gene encodes for a polypeptide structure that is a member of the seven in absentia homolog (SIAH) family. The protein is an E3 ligase and is involved in ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of specific proteins. The activity of this ubiquitin ligase has been implicated in the development of certain forms of Parkinson's disease, the regulation of the cellular response to hypoxia and induction of apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in several additional transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms and others that have not been fully characterized. Interactions SIAH1 has been shown to interact with: * APC, * BAG1, * CACYBP, * KHDRBS3, * KIF22, * NUMB, * PEG10, * PEG3 * POU2AF1, * RBBP8 Retinoblastoma-binding protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RBBP8'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RELA
Transcription factor p65 also known as nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RELA'' gene. RELA, also known as p65, is a REL-associated protein involved in NF-κB heterodimer formation, nuclear translocation and activation . NF-κB is an essential transcription factor complex involved in all types of cellular processes, including cellular metabolism, chemotaxis, etc. Phosphorylation and acetylation of RELA are crucial post-translational modifications required for NF-κB activation. RELA has also been shown to modulate immune responses, and activation of RELA is positively associated with multiple types of cancer. Gene and expression RELA, or v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A, is also known as p65 or NFKB3. It is located on chromosome 11 q13, and its nucleotide sequence is 1473 nucleotide long. RELA protein has four isoforms, the longest and the predominant one being 551 amino acids. RELA is expressed along ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MCM3AP
80 kDa MCM3-associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MCM3AP'' gene. Function The minichromosome maintenance protein 3 (MCM3) is one of the MCM proteins essential for the initiation of DNA replication. The protein encoded by this gene is an MCM3 binding protein. It was reported to have phosphorylation-dependent DNA-primase activity, which was up-regulated in antigen immunization induced germinal center. This protein was demonstrated to be an acetyltransferase that acetylates MCM3 and plays a role in DNA replication. The mutagenesis of a nuclear localization signal of MCM3 affects the binding of this protein with MCM3, suggesting that this protein may also facilitate MCM3 nuclear localization. Interactions MCM3AP has been shown to interact with: * MCM3 and * TRIB3 Tribbles homolog 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIB3'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a putative protein kinase that is induced by the transcri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fibronectin
Fibronectin is a high-molecular weight (~500-~600 kDa) glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix that binds to membrane-spanning receptor proteins called integrins. Fibronectin also binds to other extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen, fibrin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (e.g. syndecans). Fibronectin exists as a protein dimer, consisting of two nearly identical monomers linked by a pair of disulfide bonds. The fibronectin protein is produced from a single gene, but alternative splicing of its pre-mRNA leads to the creation of several isoforms. Two types of fibronectin are present in vertebrates: * soluble plasma fibronectin (formerly called "cold-insoluble globulin", or CIg) is a major protein component of blood plasma (300 μg/ml) and is produced in the liver by hepatocytes. * insoluble cellular fibronectin is a major component of the extracellular matrix. It is secreted by various cells, primarily fibroblasts, as a soluble protein dimer and is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CSNK2B
Casein kinase II subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CSNK2B'' gene. This gene encodes the beta subunit of casein kinase II, a ubiquitous protein kinase which regulates metabolic pathways, signal transduction, transcription, translation, and replication. The enzyme localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Casein kinase, a ubiquitous, well-conserved protein kinase involved in cell metabolism and differentiation, is characterised by its preference for Serine or Threonine in acidic stretches of amino acids. The enzyme is a tetramer of 2 alpha- and 2 beta-subunits. However, some species (e.g., mammals) possess 2 related forms of the alpha-subunit (alpha and alpha'), while others (e.g., fungi) possess 2 related beta-subunits (beta and beta'). The alpha-subunit is the catalytic unit and contains regions characteristic of serine/threonine protein kinases. The beta-subunit is believed to be regulatory, possessing an N-terminal auto-phospho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AKT1
RAC(Rho family)-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''AKT1'' gene. This enzyme belongs to the AKT subfamily of serine/threonine kinases that contain SH2 (Src homology 2-like) protein domains. It is commonly referred to as PKB, or by both names as "Akt/PKB". Function The serine-threonine protein kinase AKT1 is catalytically inactive in serum-starved primary and immortalized fibroblasts. AKT1 and the related AKT2 are activated by platelet-derived growth factor. The activation is rapid and specific, and it is abrogated by mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT1. It was shown that the activation occurs through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In the developing nervous system AKT is a critical mediator of growth factor-induced neuronal survival. Survival factors can suppress apoptosis in a transcription-independent manner by activating the serine/threonine kinase AKT1, which then phosphorylates and inactivates comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid resid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from grc, ἀπόπτωσις, apóptōsis, 'falling off') is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes ( morphology) and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and mRNA decay. The average adult human loses between 50 and 70 billion cells each day due to apoptosis. For an average human child between eight and fourteen years old, approximately twenty to thirty billion cells die per day. In contrast to necrosis, which is a form of traumatic cell death that results from acute cellular injury, apoptosis is a highly regulated and controlled process that confers advantages during an organism's life cycle. For example, the separation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the digits undergo apoptosis. Unlike necrosis, apoptosis produces cell fragments called apopt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
