|
Social Representations
Social representations are a system of values, ideas, metaphors, beliefs, and practices that serve to establish social order, orient participants and enable communication among the members of groups and communities. Social representation theory is a body of theory within social psychology and sociological social psychology. It has parallels in sociological theorizing such as social constructionism and symbolic interactionism, and is similar in some ways to mass consensus and discursive psychology. Origin and definition The term ''social representation'' was originally coined by Serge Moscovici in 1961,Moscovici, S. (1961). ''La psychanalyse, son image et son public''. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. in his study on the reception and circulation of psychoanalysis in France. It is understood as the collective elaboration "of a social object by the community for the purpose of behaving and communicating". They are further referred to as "system of values, ideas and practice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Value (personal And Cultural)
In ethics and social sciences, value denotes the degree of importance of something or action, with the aim of determining which actions are best to do or what way is best to live (normative ethics in ethics), or to describe the significance of different actions. Value systems are prospective and prescriptive beliefs; they affect the ethical behavior of a person or are the basis of their intentional activities. Often primary values are strong and secondary values are suitable for changes. What makes an action valuable may in turn depend on the ethical values of the objects it increases, decreases, or alters. An object with "ethic value" may be termed an "ethic or philosophic good" (noun sense). Values can be defined as broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of actions or outcomes. As such, values reflect a person's sense of right and wrong or what "ought" to be. "Equal rights for all", "Excellence deserves admiration", and "People should be treated with respect and dign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandra Jovchelovitch
Sandra Jovchelovitch, from Porto Alegre, Brazil, is a social psychologist, currently Professor of Social Psychology and Director of the MSc program in Social and Cultural Psychology at the Institute of Social Psychology at the London School of Economics (LSE), of which she serves as head since August 2007. Dr. Jovchelovitch is co-editor of the Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology and directs a book series on Contemporary Social Psychology for the Brazilian publishing house ''Vozes''. She also serves on the editorial boards of the European Journal of Social Psychology and '' Psicologia e Sociedade''. She has held appointments at the ''Maison de Sciences de l'Homme Maison (French for "house") may refer to: People * Edna Maison (1892–1946), American silent-film actress * Jérémy Maison (born 1993), French cyclist * Leonard Maison, New York state senator 1834–1837 * Nicolas Joseph Maison (1771–1840), Ma ...'', under the auspices of CNPq (Brazilian National Counc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Construction Of Reality
''The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge'' (1966), by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, proposes that social groups and individual persons who interact with each other, within in a system of social classes, over time create concepts (mental representations) of the actions of each other, and that people become habituated to those concepts, and thus assume reciprocal social roles. That when those social roles are available to and for other members of society to assume and portray, their reciprocal, social interactions are said to be institutionalized behaviours. In that process of the social construction of reality, the meaning of the social role is embedded to society as cultural knowledge. As a work about the sociology of knowledge, influenced by the work of Alfred Schütz, ''The Social Construction of Reality'' introduced the term '' social construction'' and influenced the establishment of the field of social constructionism. In 1998 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cognitive Polyphasia
Cognitive polyphasia is where different kinds of knowledge, possessing different rationalities live side by side in the same individual or collective. From Greek: ''polloi'' "many", ''phasis'' "appearance". In his research on popular representations of psychoanalysis in France, Serge Moscovici observed that different and even contradictory modes of thinking about the same issue often co-exist. In contemporary societies people are "speaking" medical, psychological, technical, and political languages in their daily affairs. By extending this phenomenon to the level of thought he suggests that "the dynamic co-existence—interference or specialization—of the distinct modalities of knowledge, corresponding to definite relations between man and his environment, ''determines a state of cognitive polyphasia''". Extension and applications Cognitive systems do not habitually develop towards a state of consistency. Instead, judgements are based on representational terms being dominant in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychoanalysis
PsychoanalysisFrom Greek: + . is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a body of knowledge. In what might be considered an unfortunately abbreviated description, Freud said that anyone who recognizes transference and resistance is a psychoanalyst, even if he comes to conclusions other than his own.… I prefer to think of the analytic situation more broadly, as one in which someone seeking help tries to speak as freely as he can to someone who listens as carefully as he can with the aim of articulating what is going on between them and why. David Rapaport (1967a) once defined the analytic situation as carrying the method of interpersonal relationship to its last consequences." Gill, Merton M. 1999.Psychoanalysis, Part 1: Proposals for the Future" ''The Challenge for Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy: Solutions for the Future''. New York: Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narrative Psychology
Narrative psychology is a perspective in psychology concerned with the "storied nature of human conduct", that is, how human beings deal with experience by observing stories and listening to the stories of others. Operating under the assumption that human activity and experience are filled with "meaning" and stories, rather than lawful formulations, narrative psychology is the study of how human beings construct stories to deal with experiences. Definition The word narrative is used as a specific method. It is a method of articulating life experiences in a meaningful way. Narrative psychology is not a single or well-defined theory. It refers to a range of approaches to stories in human life and thought. In narrative psychology, a person's life story becomes a form of identity as how they choose to reflect on, integrate and tell the facts and events of their life not only reflects, but also shapes, who they are. It is a social constructivist approach that studies the implications of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Murray (psychologist)
Michael or Mike Murray may refer to: * Michael Murray (organist) (born 1943), American-born organist * Michael Murray, lead character played by Robert Lindsay in the British TV serial '' G.B.H.'' * Mike Murray (cricketer) (born 1930), English administrator, banker and cricketer * Mike Murray (ice hockey) Mike Murray (born August 29, 1966) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. Murray, a high-scoring center during his pro career, played five seasons (1989-1991,1992-95) for the Knoxville Cherokees of the East Coast Hockey League and ... (born 1966), one-gamer in the National Hockey League * Michael Murray, guitarist with Tim Walsh * Michael Murray (director) (born 1932), American stage director, producer and educator * Mick Murray (Irish republican) (died 1999), Irish republican activist See also * Mick Murray (other) {{hndis, Murray, Michael ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janos Laszlo
János or Janos may refer to: * János, male Hungarian given name, a variant of John Places * Janos Municipality, a municipality of Chihuahua ** Janos, Chihuahua, town in Mexico ** Janos Biosphere Reserve, a nature reserve in Chihuahua * Janos Trail, trade route from New Mexico to Janos People * James Janos (born 1951), legal birth name of Jesse Ventura * János Aczél (mathematician) (1924–2020), Hungarian-Canadian mathematician * János Adorján (1938–1995), former Hungarian handball player * János Aknai (1908–1992), Hungarian footballer * János Arany (1817–1882), Hungarian writer, poet * János Balogh (biologist) (1913–2002), Hungarian zoologist, ecologist, and professor * János Balogh (chess player) (1892–1980), Hungarian–Romanian chess master * János Balogh (footballer) (born 1982), Hungarian football goalkeeper * Janos Bardi (1923–1990) * János Bartl (1878–1958), magic supply dealer * János Batsányi (1763–1845), Hungarian poet * János ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Identity Theory
Social identity is the portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group. As originally formulated by social psychologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s, social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behaviour. "Social identity theory explores the phenomenon of the 'ingroup' and 'outgroup', and is based on the view that identities are constituted through a process of difference defined in a relative or flexible way depends on the activities in which one engages" This theory is described as a theory that predicts certain intergroup behaviours on the basis of perceived group status differences, the perceived legitimacy and stability of those status differences, and the perceived ability to move from one group to another. This contrasts with occasions where the term "social identity theory" is used to refer to general theorizing about human ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caroline Howarth
Caroline may refer to: People *Caroline (given name), a feminine given name * J. C. Caroline (born 1933), American college and National Football League player * Jordan Caroline (born 1996), American (men's) basketball player Places Antarctica * Caroline Bluff, a headland in the South Shetland Islands Australia * Caroline, South Australia, a locality in the District Council of Grant *Hundred of Caroline, a cadastral sub-unit of the County of Grey in South Australia Canada * Caroline, Alberta, a village Kiribati *Caroline Island, an uninhabited coral atoll in the central Pacific Micronesia *Caroline Islands an archipelago in the western Pacific, northeast of New Guinea *Caroline Plate, a small tectonic plate north of New Guinea United States * Caroline, New York, a town *Caroline, Ohio, an unincorporated community *Caroline, Wisconsin, an unincorporated census-designated place *Caroline County, Maryland *Caroline County, Virginia *Fort Caroline, the first French colony in what is n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saadi Lahlou
Saadi Lahlou is Professor in Social Psychology, in the Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science at the London School of Economics. He conducts and publishes research in the areas of social psychology, consumer behaviour, survey and forecast methods, lexical analysis, cognition and design. He is the Director of the Paris Institute for Advanced Study Biography Saadi Lahlou graduated as statistician and economist at the ENSAE in Paris. He obtained his PhD in social psychology at EHESS with Pr. Serge Moscovici, and his HDR (habilitation as a research director) at University of Provence with Pr. Jean-Claude Abric. He also holds degrees in Human Biology and Ethology. He directed the research department on consumer studies at CREDOC – Centre for the Study of Lifestyles and Social Policies, in Paris (1987-1993). He was the head of a research unit on organizations at Électricité de France (EDF) (1993-1997). He founded the Laboratory of Design for Cognition at EDF R&D, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Claude Abric
Jean-Claude Abric (26 September 1941 – 13 September 2012) was a French psychologist, professor in social psychology and the former head of the Social Psychology Laboratory at the University of Aix-Marseille. He had a major contribution to the theory of social representation Social representations are a system of values, ideas, metaphors, beliefs, and practices that serve to establish social order, orient participants and enable communication among the members of groups and communities. Social representation theory is ... identifying the structural elements of a social representation and distinguishing the core elements from the peripheral ones. His first study on social representations was based on craftsmen and craft industry. In his book published in 1994, he gives a broader vision of his Central Nucleus Theory. He also published handbooks on the psychology of communication.Abric, J.-C. (2008). ''Psychologie de la communication : théories et méthodes'', Paris: Armand Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
