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Szpiro Conjecture
Szpiro is a Polish Jewish surname, a variant of Shapiro. Notable people with this surname include: * Abram Szpiro (1912-1943), Polish chess master * Dawid Szpiro (1922-1944), Hashomer Hatzair resistance member killed by the Gestapo (seHolocaust Encyclopediaentry) * George Szpiro (born 1950), Israeli-Swiss author, journalist, and mathematician * Lucien Szpiro (1941–2020), French mathematician ** Szpiro's conjecture, formulated by Lucien Szpiro See also *Shapiro, main article on Ashkenazi Jewish surname with Szpiro as one of many variants *Szapiro Szapiro is a Polish Jewish surname, a variant of Shapiro. Notable people with this surname include: *Anna Szapiro, mother of Georges Charpak *Deborah Szapiro, film producer *Jakub Szapiro, The King of Warsaw (TV series) main character *Gedali Szap ... {{surname Surnames of Jewish origin Surnames Yiddish-language surnames Jewish toponymic surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Shapiro
Shapiro, and its variations such as Shapira, Schapiro, Schapira, Sapir, Sapira, Spira, Spiro, Sapiro, Szapiro/Szpiro in Polish and Chapiro in French (more at "See also"), is a Jewish Ashkenazi surname. Etymology The surname is derived from Spira, the medieval name of Speyer in Germany; compare with Spire, the French name for that city. Other name variants based on the city name "Spira" include Spira, Spire, Spiro, Spear, Szpir, Szpiro, Spero, Sapir, Sapiro, Chapiro and Sprai.(Kaganoff, 1977) Source: Saul Zeichner, 27 November 2000, Revised 10 April 2009 http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Kolomea/nameorigin.htm The Jewish community of Speyer was one of three leading cities central to the development of Ashkenazi culture, referred to as the , an acronym based on the names of the cities of Speyer/Spira, Worms and Mainz. The family name Speyer (based on the modern German name for the same city) has also become a well-known surname that was spread by Jews from Frankfurt to Eng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Abram Szpiro
Abram (Abraham) Szpiro (1912 in Stringenau, Russian Empire – 16 February 1943, in Auschwitz) was a Polish chess master. Born in Russian Empire (now Poland), he moved with his family to Łódź. He tied for 7-8th (1930), shared 4th (1931), and twice took 6th (1933 and 1934) in Łódź City championships. He represented Łódź in the 2nd Polish Team Chess Championship at Katowice 1934. Szpiro won individual gold medal on fourth board, defeating Izak Schächter, Leon Tuhan-Baranowski, Henryk Friedman, etc., and team silver medal. In 1934/35, he took 2nd in Poznań, and won at Poznań 1935. He tied for 2nd-5th at Łódź 1935, tied for 6-7th at Warsaw 1935 (the 3rd Polish Chess Championship won by Savielly Tartakower), won at Częstochowa 1936, tied for 7-8th at Jurata 1937 (international, the 4th POL-ch, Tartakower won), took 2nd (1937) and shared 4th (1939) in Łódź City championships. During World War II, he lived in Łódź and Warsaw. He took 2nd, behind Henryk Pogori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Dawid Szpiro
Dawid is a Hebrew masculine given name, related to David, and more rarely a surname. People with the name include: Given name * Dawid Abrahamowicz (1839–1926), Polish politician * Dawid Abramowicz (born 1991), Polish footballer * Dawid Moryc Apfelbaum, fictitious World War II Polish Army officer and a commander of the Jewish Military Union * Dawid Bezuidenhout (1935–1998), teacher and politician in South West Africa * Dawid Celt (born 1985), Polish tennis player and coach * Dawid Daniuszewski (1885–1944), Polish chess master * Dawid Dryja (born 1992), Polish volleyball player * Dawid Dynarek (born 1989), Polish footballer * Dawid Dzięgielewski (born 1993), Polish footballer * Dawid Głowacki (born 1987), Polish cyclist * Dawid Jackiewicz (born 1973), Polish politician and former Minister of State Treasury * Dawid Janczyk (born 1987), Polish footballer * Dawid Janowski (1868–1927), Polish-born French chess player * Dawid Jarka (born 1987), Polish footballer * Dawid Kamiński ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Hashomer Hatzair
Hashomer Hatzair (, , 'The Young Guard') is a Labor Zionism, Labor Zionist, secular Jewish youth movement founded in 1913 in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary. It was also the name of the Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party, the group's political party in the Yishuv in Mandatory Palestine. Hashomer Hatzair, along with HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed of Israel, is a member of the International Falcon Movement – Socialist Educational International. Early formation Hashomer Hatzair came into being as a result of the merger of two groups, ''Hashomer'' ('The Guard'), a Zionist scouting group, and ''Tze'irei Zion, Ze'irei Zion'' ('The Youth of Zion'), which was an ideological circle that studied Zionism, socialism and Jewish history. Hashomer Hatzair is the oldest Zionist youth movement still in existence. Initially Marxist-Zionist, the movement was influenced by the ideas of Ber Borochov and Gustav Wyneken as well as Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, Baden- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Gestapo
The (, ), Syllabic abbreviation, abbreviated Gestapo (), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Free State of Prussia, Prussia into one organisation. On 20 April 1934, oversight of the Gestapo passed to the head of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS), Heinrich Himmler, who was also appointed Chief of German Police by Hitler in 1936. Instead of being exclusively a Prussian state agency, the Gestapo became a national one as a sub-office of the (SiPo; Security Police). From 27 September 1939, it was administered by the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). It became known as (Dept) 4 of the RSHA and was considered a sister organisation to the (SD; Security Service). The Gestapo committed widespread atrocities during its existence. The power of the Gestapo was used to focus upon political opponents, ideological dissenters (clergy and religious org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
George Szpiro
George Geza Szpiro (; born 18 February 1950 in Vienna) is an Israeli–Swiss author, journalist, and mathematician. He has written articles and books on popular mathematics and related topics. Life and career Szpiro was born in Vienna in 1950, and moved to Zug, Switzerland, in 1961. He obtained a master's degree in mathematics and physics from ETH Zurich. He also obtained an MBA from Stanford University, in 1975. Afterward, he worked as a management consultant at McKinsey & Company.Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung verleiht Medienpreise , Press Release, Technische Universität Berl ...
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Lucien Szpiro
Lucien Szpiro (23 December 1941 – 18 April 2020) was a French mathematician known for his work in number theory, arithmetic geometry, and commutative algebra. He formulated Szpiro's conjecture and was a Distinguished Professor at the CUNY Graduate Center and an emeritus at the French National Centre for Scientific Research. Early life and education Lucien Szpiro was born on 23 December 1941 in Paris, France. Szpiro attended Paris-Sud University where he earned his Doctor of Philosophy under Pierre Samuel. His doctoral work was heavily influenced by the seminars of Maurice Auslander, Claude Chevalley, and Alexander Grothendieck. He earned his Doctorat d'État (DrE) in 1971. Career From 1963 to 1965, Szpiro worked as an assistant high school teacher in Paris. From 1965 to 1969, he was an assistant professor (''maître assistant'') at the University of Paris. From 1969 to 1999, Szpiro worked at the CNRS, initially as an attaché at Paris Diderot University before rising to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Szpiro's Conjecture
In number theory, Szpiro's conjecture relates to the conductor and the discriminant of an elliptic curve. In a slightly modified form, it is equivalent to the well-known ''abc'' conjecture. It is named for Lucien Szpiro, who formulated it in the 1980s. Szpiro's conjecture and its equivalent forms have been described as "the most important unsolved problem in Diophantine analysis" by Dorian Goldfeld, in part to its large number of consequences in number theory including Roth's theorem, the Mordell conjecture, the Fermat–Catalan conjecture, and Brocard's problem. Original statement The conjecture states that: given ε > 0, there exists a constant ''C''(ε) such that for any elliptic curve ''E'' defined over Q with minimal discriminant Δ and conductor ''f'', : \vert\Delta\vert \leq C(\varepsilon ) \cdot f^. Modified Szpiro conjecture The modified Szpiro conjecture states that: given ε > 0, there exists a constant ''C''(ε) such that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Szapiro
Szapiro is a Polish Jewish surname, a variant of Shapiro. Notable people with this surname include: *Anna Szapiro, mother of Georges Charpak *Deborah Szapiro, film producer *Jakub Szapiro, The King of Warsaw (TV series) main character *Gedali Szapiro (Grzegorz Szapiro, Gedalia Shapira, 1929–1972), Polish–Israeli chess master *Hanna Sawicka (Hanna Krystyna Szapiro 1917–1943), Polish communist *Henoch Szapiro (Henryk Szaro, 1900–1942), Polish screenwriter and film director *Klonimus Kalmish Szapiro (1889–1943), Grand Rabbi of Piaseczno, Poland *Marek Szapiro (1884-1942), artist *Salomea Szapiro, mother of Stefan Kisielewski *Salomon Szapiro (1882–1944), Polish chess master *Shayne-Feygl Szapiro (Dina Blond, 1887-1985), member of the Jewish Labour Bund in Poland and a prolific Yiddish translator *Willy Schapiro (also Szapiro or Schapira, 1910–1944), Polish Jew soldier See also *Szpiro {{surname Polish-language surnames Yiddish-language surnames Surnames of Jewish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Surnames Of Jewish Origin
In many societies, a surname, family name, or last name is the mostly hereditary portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family. It is typically combined with a given name to form the full name of a person, although several given names and surnames are possible in the full name. In modern times most surnames are hereditary, although in most countries a person has a right to change their name. Depending on culture, the surname may be placed either at the start of a person's name, or at the end. The number of surnames given to an individual also varies: in most cases it is just one, but in Portuguese-speaking countries and many Spanish-speaking countries, two surnames (one inherited from the mother and another from the father) are used for legal purposes. Depending on culture, not all members of a family unit are required to have identical surnames. In some countries, surnames are modified depending on gender and family membership status of a person. Compound sur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Yiddish-language Surnames
Yiddish, historically Judeo-German, is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated in 9th-century Central Europe, and provided the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with many elements taken from Hebrew (notably Mishnaic) and to some extent Aramaic. Most varieties of Yiddish include elements of Slavic languages and the vocabulary contains traces of Romance languages.Aram Yardumian"A Tale of Two Hypotheses: Genetics and the Ethnogenesis of Ashkenazi Jewry".University of Pennsylvania. 2013. Yiddish has traditionally been written using the Hebrew alphabet. Prior to World War II, there were 11–13 million speakers. 85% of the approximately 6 million Jews who were murdered in the Holocaust were Yiddish speakers,Solomon Birnbaum, ''Grammatik der jiddischen Sprache'' (4., erg. Aufl., Hamburg: Buske, 1984), p. 3. leading to a massive decline in the use of the language. Assimilation following World War II and ''a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
