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Survo Puzzle
A Survo puzzle is a kind of logic puzzle presented (in April 2006) and studied by Seppo Mustonen. Aitola, Kerttu (2006): "Survo on täällä" ("Survo is here"). ''Yliopisto'' 54(12): 44–45. The name of the puzzle is associated with Mustonen's Survo system, which is a general environment for statistical computing and related areas. Mustonen, Seppo (2007)"Survo Crossings". ''CSCnews'' 1/2007: 30–32. In a Survo puzzle, the task is to fill an ''m'' × ''n'' table with integers 1, 2, ..., ''m''·''n'' so that each of these numbers appears only once and their row and column sums are equal to integers given on the bottom and the right side of the table. Often some of the integers are given readily in the table in order to guarantee uniqueness of the solution and/or for making the task easier. To some extent, Survo puzzles resemble Sudoku and Kakuro puzzles. However, numbers used in the solution are not restricted to 1, 2, ..., 9 and the size of puzzle grid is typically ver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logic Puzzle
A logic puzzle is a puzzle deriving from the mathematical field of deduction. History The logic puzzle was first produced by Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, who is better known under his pen name Lewis Carroll, the author of ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland''. In his book ''The Game of Logic'' he introduced a game to solve problems such as confirming the conclusion "Some greyhounds are not fat" from the statements "No fat creatures run well" and "Some greyhounds run well". Puzzles like this, where we are given a list of premises and asked what can be deduced from them, are known as syllogisms. Dodgson goes on to construct much more complex puzzles consisting of up to 8 premises. In the second half of the 20th century mathematician Raymond M. Smullyan continued and expanded the branch of logic puzzles with books such as '' The Lady or the Tiger?'', '' To Mock a Mockingbird'' and ''Alice in Puzzle-Land''. He popularized the " knights and knaves" puzzles, which involve knights, who al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seppo Mustonen
Seppo is a masculine given name of Finnish origin. It has two distinct origins; Seppo is a character in the Kalevala, whose name is derived from the Finnish word ''seppä'', meaning smith, and the name is also a diminutive for Sebastian in Finland. It may refer to: People *Seppo Evwaraye (born 1982), Finnish National Football League offensive guard * Seppo Kääriäinen (born 1948), Finnish politician *Seppo Kolehmainen (1933–2009), Finnish film actor *Seppo Lehto (born 1962), Finnish political activist *Seppo Pääkkönen (born 1957), Finnish actor *Seppo Ruohonen (1946-2020), Finnish opera singer *Seppo Räty (born 1962), Finnish javelin thrower *Seppo Sairanen (born 1952), Finnish football manager and former goalkeeper *Seppo Seluska, Swedish neo-Nazi and subject of the historical photo ''A Woman Hitting a Neo-Nazi With Her Handbag'' *Seppo Simola (1936–2003), Finnish shotputter *Seppo Telenius (born 1954), Finnish writer *Seppo Harjanne (born 1948), Finnish WRC co-driver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statistical Computing
Computational statistics, or statistical computing, is the bond between statistics and computer science. It means statistical methods that are enabled by using computational methods. It is the area of computational science (or scientific computing) specific to the mathematical science of statistics. This area is also developing rapidly, leading to calls that a broader concept of computing should be taught as part of general statistical education. As in traditional statistics the goal is to transform raw data into knowledge, Wegman, Edward J. �Computational Statistics: A New Agenda for Statistical Theory and Practice.�� Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences', vol. 78, no. 4, 1988, pp. 310–322. ''JSTOR'' but the focus lies on computer intensive statistical methods, such as cases with very large sample size and non-homogeneous data sets. The terms 'computational statistics' and 'statistical computing' are often used interchangeably, although Carlo Lauro (a former presi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudoku
Sudoku (; ja, 数独, sūdoku, digit-single; originally called Number Place) is a logic-based, combinatorics, combinatorial number-placement puzzle. In classic Sudoku, the objective is to fill a 9 × 9 grid with digits so that each column, each row, and each of the nine 3 × 3 subgrids that compose the grid (also called "boxes", "blocks", or "regions") contain all of the digits from 1 to 9. The puzzle setter provides a partially completed grid, which for a well-posed puzzle has a single solution. French newspapers featured variations of the Sudoku puzzles in the 19th century, and the puzzle has appeared since 1979 in puzzle books under the name Number Place. However, the modern Sudoku only began to gain widespread popularity in 1986 when it was published by the Japanese puzzle company Nikoli (publisher), Nikoli under the name Sudoku, meaning "single number". It first appeared in a U.S. newspaper, and then ''The Times'' (London), in 2004, thanks to the efforts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kakuro
Kakuro or Kakkuro or Kakoro ( ja, カックロ) is a kind of logic puzzle that is often referred to as a mathematical transliteration of the crossword. Kakuro puzzles are regular features in many math-and-logic puzzle publications across the world. In 1966, Canadian Jacob E. Funk, an employee of Dell Magazines, came up with the original English name ''Cross Sums'' and other names such as ''Cross Addition'' have also been used, but the Japanese name ''Kakuro,'' abbreviation of Japanese ''kasan kurosu'' (加算クロス, "addition cross"), seems to have gained general acceptance and the puzzles appear to be titled this way now in most publications. The popularity of Kakuro in Japan is immense, second only to Sudoku among Nikoli's famed logic-puzzle offerings. The canonical Kakuro puzzle is played in a grid of filled and barred cells, "black" and "white" respectively. Puzzles are usually 16×16 in size, although these dimensions can vary widely. Apart from the top row and leftmo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magic Square
In recreational mathematics, a square array of numbers, usually positive integers, is called a magic square if the sums of the numbers in each row, each column, and both main diagonals are the same. The 'order' of the magic square is the number of integers along one side (''n''), and the constant sum is called the ' magic constant'. If the array includes just the positive integers 1,2,...,n^2, the magic square is said to be 'normal'. Some authors take magic square to mean normal magic square. Magic squares that include repeated entries do not fall under this definition and are referred to as 'trivial'. Some well-known examples, including the Sagrada Família magic square and the Parker square are trivial in this sense. When all the rows and columns but not both diagonals sum to the magic constant this gives a ''semimagic square (sometimes called orthomagic square). The mathematical study of magic squares typically deals with their construction, classification, and enumeration. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Degree Of Difficulty
Degree of difficulty (DD, sometimes called tariff or grade) is a concept used in several sports and other competitions to indicate the technical difficulty of a skill, performance, or course, often as a factor in scoring. Sports which incorporate a degree of difficulty in scoring include bouldering, cross-country skiing, diving, equestrianism, figure skating, freestyle skiing, gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, surfing, synchronized swimming and trampoline. Degree of difficulty is typically intended to be an objective measure, in sports whose scoring may also rely on subjective judgments of performance. By sport Diving The International Swimming Federation computes the degree of difficulty of dives according to a five-part formula, incorporating height, number of somersaults and twists, positioning, approach, and entry. The total judges' score is multiplied by the dive's degree of difficulty to determine the total score. Figure skating In figure skating, each jump element ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partition (number Theory)
In number theory and combinatorics, a partition of a positive integer , also called an integer partition, is a way of writing as a summation, sum of positive integers. Two sums that differ only in the order of their summands are considered the same partition. (If order matters, the sum becomes a composition (combinatorics), composition.) For example, can be partitioned in five distinct ways: : : : : : The order-dependent composition is the same partition as , and the two distinct compositions and represent the same partition as . A summand in a partition is also called a part. The number of partitions of is given by the partition function . So . The notation means that is a partition of . Partitions can be graphically visualized with Young diagrams or Ferrers diagrams. They occur in a number of branches of mathematics and physics, including the study of symmetric polynomials and of the symmetric group and in group representation, group representation theory in genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilta-Sanomat
''Ilta-Sanomat'' () is one of Finland's two prominent tabloid size evening newspaper and the second largest paper in the country. Its counterpart and biggest rival is '' Iltalehti''. According to the National Media Research done in 2019 ''Ilta-Sanomat'' is also the biggest digital media in Finland and reaches about 2,5 million Finns. Johanna Lahti has been the editor-in-chief of ''Ilta-Sanomat'' since November 2019, after the previous editor-in-chief Tapio Sadeoja retired after 38 years in office. History and profile The paper was established in 1932 as afternoon edition of '' Helsingin Sanomat''. In 1949 it became a separate newspaper and was named ''Ilta-Sanomat''. Its sister paper is ''Helsingin Sanomat'' and both papers are part of Sanoma. ''Ilta-Sanomat'' is published in tabloid format six times per week. The paper has an independent political stance. Circulation The circulation of ''Ilta-Sanomat'' was 212,854 copies in 1993, making it the second largest newspaper in F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Helsinki
The University of Helsinki ( fi, Helsingin yliopisto, sv, Helsingfors universitet, abbreviated UH) is a public research university located in Helsinki, Finland since 1829, but founded in the city of Turku (in Swedish ''Åbo'') in 1640 as the Royal Academy of Åbo, at that time part of the Swedish Empire. It is the oldest and largest university in Finland with the widest range of disciplines available. In 2020, around 31,600 students were enrolled in the degree programs of the university spread across 11 faculties and 11 research institutes. As of 1 August 2005, the university complies with the harmonized structure of the Europe-wide Bologna Process and offers bachelor, master, licenciate, and doctoral degrees. Admission to degree programmes is usually determined by entrance examinations, in the case of bachelor's degrees, and by prior degree results, in the case of master and postgraduate degrees. Entrance is particularly selective (circa 15% of the yearly applicants are a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reijo Sund
Reijo is a Finnish male given name. There are more than 27,000 people with this name in Finland. More than half of them were born in the 1940s and 1950s. It originated as a variation of the Latin name Gregorius and the Greek name Gregorios, which are the equivalent of Gregory in English. The nameday is the 12th of March, the anniversary of the death of Pope Gregory I. Some people who have this name include: * Reijo Hakanen, Finnish ice hockey player * Reijo Halme, Finnish sprinter * Reijo Leppänen, Finnish ice hockey player * Reijo Mäki, Finnish writer * Reijo Mattinen, Finnish orienteering competitor * Reijo Mikkolainen, Finnish ice hockey player * Reijo Ruotsalainen, Finnish ice hockey player * Reijo Ståhlberg, Finnish shot putter * Reijo Tossavainen Reijo Tossavainen (born 13 November 1948 in Kiuruvesi, Northern Savonia) is a Finland, Finnish politician and a member of the True Finns. He represented the Kymi (electoral district), constituency of Kymi in the Parliament of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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