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Subh-i-Azal
Subh-i-Azal (1831–1912, born Mīrzā Yahyā Nūrī) was an Iranian religious leader and writer who was the second head of the Bābī movement after the execution of its founder, the Bāb, in 1850. He was named the leader of the movement after being the Bāb's chief deputy shortly before its execution, and became a generally-acknowledged head of the community after their expulsion to Baghdad in 1852. The Bāb believed Subh-i-Azal had an ability to write divinely-inspired verses and saw him as a mirror, providing the ability to explain the unexplained, in the time before the appearance of the messiah, known in the Bābī religion as He whom God shall make manifest (). However, not all Bābīs followed his authority, and some of them also made claims of their own, including those to the position of the messiah. After his later conflict with his half-brother Baháʼu'lláh, who became Subh-i-Azal's leading intermediary and later claimed the messianic status, over leadership of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Báb
The Báb (born ʻAlí-Muḥammad; ; ; 20 October 1819 – 9 July 1850) was an Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...ian religious leader who founded Bábism, and is also one of the central figures of the Baháʼí Faith. The Báb gradually and progressively revealed his claim in his extensive writings to be a Manifestation of God (Baháʼí Faith), Manifestation of God, of a status as great as Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad, receiving revelations as profound as the Torah, Gospel, and Quran. This new revelation, he claimed, would release the creative energies and capacities necessary for the establishment of global unity and peace. He referred to himself by the traditional Muslim title "Báb" (meaning the gate) although it was apparent from the context that he intend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baháʼu'lláh
Baháʼu'lláh (, born Ḥusayn-ʻAlí; 12 November 1817 – 29 May 1892) was an Iranian religious leader who founded the Baháʼí Faith. He was born to an aristocratic family in Iran and was exiled due to his adherence to the messianic Bábism. In 1863, in Iraq, he first announced his claim to a revelation from God in the Baháʼí Faith, God and spent the rest of his life in further imprisonment in the Ottoman Empire. His teachings revolved around the principles of unity and religious renewal, ranging from moral and spiritual progress to world governance. Baháʼu'lláh was raised with no formal education but was well-read and devoutly religious. His family was considerably wealthy, and at the age of 22 he turned down a position in the government, instead managing family properties and donating time and money to charities. At the age of 27 he accepted the claim of the Báb and became one of the most outspoken supporters of the new religious movement which advocated, among o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirza Aqa Khan Kermani
Mirza Aqa Khan Kermani (; 1854 – 1896/97) was an Iranian intellectual reformer, a Babi, and son-in-law of Subh-i-Azal. In his writings, he advocates for political, social, and religious reform characteristic of his generation of intellectuals whose reformist ideas and engagement with sociopolitical themes set the stage for the Constitutional Revolution of 1906, and the political and literary changes that were to follow. Kermani was also a literary critic and like many of his contemporaries an advocate of simpler, more accessible prose. He believed that meaning as opposed to the mode of expression exerts real influence on the reader. He thus discouraged the destruction of the natural clarity of language by means of complicated metaphors, difficult words, long sentences, and complex expressions.Iraj Parsinejad, ''A History of Literary Criticism in Iran, 1866-1951'', pps. 72-73. Ibex Publishers (2002) Life Mirza Aqa Khan Kermani was born in 1854 in Kerman into a family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Granville Browne
Edward Granville Browne FBA (7 February 1862 – 5 January 1926) was a British Iranologist. He published numerous articles and books, mainly in the areas of history and literature. Life Browne was born in Stouts Hill, Uley, Gloucestershire, England, the son of civil engineer Sir Benjamin Chapman Browne and his wife, Annie. He was educated at Trinity College, Glenalmond, Burnside's School in Berkshire, Eton College, and the Newcastle College of Physical Science. He then read natural sciences at Pembroke College, Cambridge. He also studied Arabic with Edward Henry Palmer and William Wright, Persian with Edward Byles Cowell, and Turkish with Sir James Redhouse, motivated by an interest in the Turkish people. After graduating in 1882 he travelled to Constantinople. Browne then spent a further two years at University of Cambridge studying the languages of India (defined then as Hindustani, Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic) and also gained an M.B. in London. In 1887 he was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bábism
Bábism () is a Messianism, messianic movement founded in 1844 by Báb, the Báb ( 'Ali Muhammad). The Báb, an Iranian merchant-turned-prophet, professed that there is one incorporeal, unknown, and incomprehensible GodEdward Granville Browne, Browne, E.G.]''Kitab-i-Nuqtatu'l-Kaf'' p. 15 who manifests His will in an unending series of Theophany, theophanies, called Manifestation of God (Baháʼí Faith), Manifestations of God. The Báb's ministry, throughout which there was much evolution as he progressively outlined his teachings, was turbulent and short-lived and ended with his public execution in Tabriz in 1850. A campaign of extermination followed, in which thousands of followers were killed in what has been described as potentially one of the bloodiest actions of the Qajar Iranian military in the 19th century. According to current estimates, Bábism has no more than a few thousand adherents, most of whom are concentrated in Iran, but it has persisted into the modern era i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mírzá ʻAbbás Núrí
Mírzá ʻAbbás-i-Núrí (, d. 1839), more commonly known as Mírzá Buzurg, was the father of Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith. Mírzá Buzurg was a nobleman from the Persian province of Núr, and worked for a time in the service of Fatḥ-ʻAlí S͟háh. Mírzá Buzurg was the son of Mírzá Riḍá-Qulí Big, son of Mírzá ʻAbbás, son of Ḥájí Muḥammad-Riḍá Big, son of Áqá Muhammad-ʻAli, son of Áqá Fak͟hr, son of S͟hahríyár-Ḥasan. He had four wives and three concubines, and at least 15 children. Service to the state He served as vizier (Minister) to Imám-Virdi Mírzá, the twelfth son of the Persian Qajar King, Fath Ali Shah, who was the ''Ilkhani (tribal chief of the clans) of the Qajar tribe. Mírzá Burzurg was later appointed governor of Borujerd and Lorestan. Family Mírzá Buzurg's first marriage was arranged by his father, Riḍa-Quli Big, to a relative of the family, named K͟han-Nanih, before Mírzá Buzurg left the dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheikh Ahmad Rouhi
Sheikh Ahmad Rouhi (Persian: شیخ احمد روحی) was an Iranian writer, political thinker, and libertarian. He is best known for his work with Mirza Aqa Khan Kermani and Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī in Istanbul and for writing nationalist and libertarian works. His famous book, '' Hasht Behesht'', is about Bábism beliefs and critiques of Baháʼí Faith. Life Sheikh Ahmad Rouhi was born in Kerman in 1847, he was the second son of one of the prominent Bábist figures of Kerman. In Kerman, he married one of Subh-i-Azal's daughters, Tal'at Azal. he was a preacher of Bábism and became popular among the people because of his kindness and trustworthiness. In 1875 he went to Isfahan, Tehran, Rasht and Najaf with Mirza Aqa Khan Kermani and Mirza Hassan Khan Tabrizi and emigrated to Istanbul and continued his activities there. His acquaintance with Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī led them to political and social activities, and they worked with Mirza Hassan Khan Tabrizi to promote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women's Rights Movement In Iran
The Iranian Women's Rights Movement (Persian language, Persian: جنبش زنان ایران), is the social movement for women's rights of the women in Iran. The movement first emerged after the Iranian Constitutional Revolution in 1910, the year in which the first women's periodical was published by women. The movement lasted until 1933 when the last women's association was dissolved by the government of Rezā Shāh, Reza Shah Pahlavi. It rose again after the Iranian Revolution in 1979.#Sanasarian1982, Sanasarian 1982, pp. 124–129 Between 1963 and 1979, the Iranian Women's Movement gained victories such as the Women's suffrage, right for women to vote in 1963, a part of Mohammad Reza Shah's White Revolution. Women were also allowed to take part in public office, and in 1975 the Iran's Family Protection Law, Family Protection Law provided new rights for women, including expanded divorce and custody rights and reduced Polygyny in Islam, polygamy. Since the Islamic Revolution o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mazandaran
Mazandaran Province (; ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Sari, Iran, Sari. Located along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea and in the adjacent Central Alborz mountain range and Hyrcanian forests, it is bordered clockwise by Russia (across the sea), Golestan Province, Golestan, Semnan Province, Semnan, Tehran Province, Tehran, Alborz Province, Alborz, Qazvin Province, Qazvin, and Gilan Province, Gilan Provinces. Mazandaran, founded in 1937, covers an area of 23,842 km2. The province has diverse natural resources, notably large offshore reservoirs of oil and natural gas. The diverse natural habitats of the province include plains, prairies, forests and rainforest stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Alborz sierra, including Mount Damavand, one of the highest Summit, peaks and volcanoes in Asia. Mazandaran is a major producer of Fish farming, farmed fish, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margit Warburg
Margit Warburg (born 15 February 1952) is a Danish sociologist of religion. Since 2004, she has been professor of Sociology of Religion in the Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies at the University of Copenhagen. She was an associate professor at the same university from 1979 to 2004. Academic career Margit Warburg received the University of Copenhagen's 1976 gold medal for answering an economic problem in Christian studies. She received her Magister (PhD) degree in sociology of religion from the University of Copenhagen in 1979, and her Dr.Phil. (DLitt) degree in 2007 with a monographic dissertation on the Baháʼí Faith titled ''Citizens of the World: A History and Sociology of the Baháʼís from a Globalisation Perspective''. Following her Magister's degree, Warburg was employed at the University of Copenhagen as an associate professor. She became professor of Sociology of Religion in the university's Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies in 2004. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denis MacEoin
Denis M. MacEoin (26 January 1949 – 6 June 2022) was a British academic, scholar and writer with a focus on Persian, Arabic and Islamic studies. He authored several academic books and articles, as well as many pieces of journalism. Since 2014 he published a number of essays on current events with a Middle Eastern focus at the Gatestone Institute, of which he was a Senior Fellow. He was a Senior Editor from 2009 to 2010 at ''Middle East Quarterly'', a publication of the American think tank Middle East Forum, where he was also a Fellow. From 2006 to 2015 MacEoin wrote a blog entitled ''A Liberal Defence of Israel'', "designed to correct the false impression that Israel is an illiberal, fascist, or apartheid state." In 2007 he authored a report entitled ''The Hijacking of British Islam'', which garnered considerable criticism labelling him as a neo-conservative and accusations of forgery. As a novelist, MacEoin wrote under the pen names Daniel Easterman and Jonathan Aycliffe. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
