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Stereopsis
Binocular vision is seeing with two eyes, which increases the size of the Visual field, visual field. If the visual fields of the two eyes overlap, binocular #Depth, depth can be seen. This allows objects to be recognized more quickly, camouflage to be detected, spatial relationships to be perceived more quickly and accurately(#Stereopsis, stereopsis) and perception to be less susceptible to optical illusions, optical illusions. In #Medical, medical attention is paid to the occurrence, defects and sharpness of binocular vision. In #Biological, biological the occurrence of binocular vision in animals is described. Geometric terms When the left eye (LE) and the right eye (RE) observe two objects X and Y, the following concepts are important: Egocentric distance The ''egocentric distance'' to object X is the distance from the observer to X. In the figure: Dx. Metric depth The ''metric depth'' between two objects X and Y is the difference of the egocentric distances to X and Y. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binocular Vision
Binocular vision is seeing with two eyes. The Field_of_view, field of view that can be surveyed with two eyes is greater than with one eye. To the extent that the visual fields of the two eyes overlap, #Depth, binocular depth can be perceived. This allows objects to be recognized more quickly, camouflage to be detected, spatial relationships to be perceived more quickly and accurately (#Stereopsis, stereopsis) and perception to be less susceptible to optical illusions, optical illusions. In secion #Medical, Medical attention is paid to the occurrence, defects and sharpness of binocular vision. In section #Biological, Biological the occurrence of binocular vision in animals is described. Geometric terms When the left eye (LE) and the right eye (RE) observe two objects X and Y, the following concepts are important:Krol J.D.(1982),"Perceptual ghosts in stereopsis, a ghosly problem in binocular vision", PhD thesis ISBN 90-9000382-7.Koenderink J.J.;van Doorn A.J. (1976) "Geometry of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Double-nail Illusion
The double-nail illusion is a #Multi-modal_illusion, multi-modal illusion in which two similar physical objects, that are located the one behind the other in depth, do not appear to be visually behind each other but next to each other, in depth approximately halfway between the two physically present objects. This observation cannot be explained on the basis of classical theories of Stereopsis, binocular depth perception (Krol 1982, p. 28-33), but it can be explained with binocular #Ghosts_in_a_neural_network, ghosts in a neural network. The basic setup was mentionned in 1950 by Rønne and rediscovered and systematically investigated in 1978 by Krol, see the #Research_history, reaearch history. The conditions for the illusion and the main observations are described under #Basic_double-nail_illusion, basic double-nail illusion, under #Measurements_of_ghost_images, measurements of ghost images and under #Variations, variations. Related observations are listed under #Edges_and_s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
En:Random Dot Stereogram
A random-dot stereogram (RDS) is stereo pair of images of random dots that, when viewed with the aid of a stereoscope, or with the eyes focused on a point in front of or behind the images, produces a sensation of depth due to stereopsis, with objects appearing to be in front of or behind the display level. The random-dot stereogram technique, known since 1919, was elaborated on by Béla Julesz, described in his 1971 book, '' Foundations of Cyclopean Perception''. Later concepts, involving single images, not necessarily consisting of random dots, and more well known to the general public, are autostereograms. History In 1840, Sir Charles Wheatstone developed the stereoscope. Using it, two photographs, taken a small horizontal distance apart, could be viewed one to each eye so that the objects in the photograph appeared to be three-dimensional in a three-dimensional scene. Around 1956, Béla Julesz initiated a project at Bell Labs aimed at identifying patterns within the output of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horopter
In vision science, the horopter was originally defined in geometric terms as the Locus (geometry), locus of points in space that make the same angle at each eye with the Fixation (visual), fixation point, although more recently in studies of binocular vision it is taken to be the locus of points in space that have the same binocular disparity, disparity as fixation. This can be defined theoretically as the points in space that project on corresponding points in the two retinas, that is, on anatomically identical points. The horopter can be measured empirically in which it is defined using some criterion. The concept of horopter can then be extended as a geometrical locus of points in space where a specific condition is met: * the binocular horopter is the locus of iso-disparity points in space; * the oculomotor horopter is the locus of iso-vergence points in space. As other quantities that describe the functional principles of the visual system, it is possible to provide a theo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclopean Image
Cyclopean image is a single mental image of a scene created by the brain through the process of combining two images received from both eyes. The mental process behind the Cyclopean image is crucial to stereo vision. Autostereograms take advantage of this process in order to trick the brain to form an apparent Cyclopean image from seemingly random patterns. These random patterns often appear in daily life, such as in art, children's books, and architecture. Cyclopean image is named after the mythical being, Cyclops, a creature possessing one single eye. The single refers to the way stereo sighted viewers perceive the center of their fused visual field as lying between the two physical eyes, as if seen by a cyclopean eye. Alternative terms for cyclopean eye include third central imaginary eye and binoculus. The term ''cyclopean stimuli'' refer to a form of visual stimuli that is defined by binocular disparity alone. It was named after the one-eyed Cyclops of Homer’s ''Odyssey''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Wheatstone
Sir Charles Wheatstone (; 6 February 1802 – 19 October 1875) was an English physicist and inventor best known for his contributions to the development of the Wheatstone bridge, originally invented by Samuel Hunter Christie, which is used to measure an unknown electrical resistance, and as a major figure in the development of telegraphy. His other contributions include the English concertina, the stereoscope (a device for displaying three-dimensional images) and the Playfair cipher (an encryption technique). Life Charles Wheatstone was born in Barnwood, Gloucestershire. His father, W. Wheatstone, was a music-seller in the town, who moved to 128 Pall Mall, London, four years later, becoming a teacher of the flute. Charles, the second son, went to a village school, near Gloucester, and afterwards to several institutions in London. One of them was in Kennington, and kept by a Mrs. Castlemaine, who was astonished at his rapid progress. From another he ran away, but was captured ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disparity
Disparity and disparities may refer to: in healthcare: * Health disparities in finance: * Income disparity between females and males. ** Male–female income disparity in the United States ** Income gender gap * Economic inequality * Income inequality metrics * International inequality ** Income inequality in the United States ** Wealth inequality in the United States in science: * Stereopsis, the perception of depth and structure derived from binocular vision * Binocular disparity, binocular cue to determine depth or distance of an object * Ecological disparity, the number of different guilds occupying an ecosystem * Phenotypic disparity, variation of observable characteristics within biological groups * Running disparity, the number of 1 bits minus the number of 0 bits ** Paired disparity code, a pattern that keeps the running disparity close to zero in social science: * Social inequality * Social equality * Social stratification Social stratification refers to a soc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
