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Statute Of Rhuddlan
The Statute of Rhuddlan (), also known as the Statutes of Wales ( or ''Valliae'') or as the Statute of Wales ( or ''Valliae''), was a royal ordinance by Edward I of England, which gave the constitutional basis for the government of the Principality of Wales from 1284 until 1536. The statute followed the Conquest of Wales by Edward I and the killing of the last Welsh prince to rule the whole Principality, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd in 1282. The statute introduced English common law to Wales, but also permitted the continuance of Welsh legal practices within the Principality. The statute also introduced the English shire system to the Principality of Wales. Prior to the statute, the Welsh principalities were ruled by Welsh law and the native Princes of Wales. Background The Prince of Gwynedd had been recognised by the English Crown as Prince of Wales in 1267, holding his lands with the king of England as his feudal overlord. It was thus that the English interpreted the title of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Escheat
Escheat () is a common law doctrine that transfers the real property of a person who has died without heirs to the crown or state. It serves to ensure that property is not left in "limbo" without recognized ownership. It originally applied to a number of situations where a legal interest in land was destroyed by operation of law, so that the ownership of the land reverted to the immediately superior feudal lord. Etymology The term "escheat" derives ultimately from the Latin ''ex-cadere'', to "fall-out", via mediaeval French ''escheoir''. The sense is of a feudal estate in land falling-out of the possession by a tenant into the possession of the lord. Origins in feudalism In feudal England, escheat referred to the situation where the tenant of a fee (or "fief") died without an heir or committed a felony. In the case of such demise of a tenant-in-chief, the fee reverted to the King's demesne permanently, when it became once again a mere tenantless plot of land, but could be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gentry
Gentry (from Old French , from ) are "well-born, genteel and well-bred people" of high social class, especially in the past. ''Gentry'', in its widest connotation, refers to people of good social position connected to Landed property, landed estates (see manorialism), upper levels of the clergy, or long established "gentle" families of noble descent, some of whom in some cases never obtained the official right to bear a coat of arms. The gentry largely consisted of landowners who could support themselves entirely from Renting#Rental investment, rental income or at least had a Estate (land), country estate; some were Gentleman farmer, gentleman farmers. In the United Kingdom ''gentry'' specifically refers to the landed gentry: the majority of the land-owning social class who typically had a coat of arms but did not hold a Peerages in the United Kingdom, peerage. The adjective "Patrician (post-Roman Europe), patrician" ("of or like a person of high social rank") describes comparabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantref Mawr
Cantref Mawr was a cantref in southwest Wales. It was of strategic importance in medieval Wales as the location of the main seat of the princes of Deheubarth Deheubarth (; , thus 'the South') was a regional name for the Welsh kingdoms, realms of south Wales, particularly as opposed to kingdom of Gwynedd, Gwynedd (Latin: ''Venedotia''). It is now used as a shorthand for the various realms united under ... at Dinefwr. ''Cantref Mawr'' means "The Great Cantref". Each cantref in medieval Wales was divided into , and a typical cantref would be made up of two or three . Cantref Mawr was made up of seven , which made it one of the largest cantrefs in Wales. Cantref Mawr was an upland area, bounded by the rivers Tywi, Teifi and Gwili. The area at this period was covered in dense scrub which caused difficulties for invading armies, so that the Cantref Mawr often provided a secure refuge for the princes of Deheubarth when facing an invasion. References Lloyd, J.E. (1911) ''The hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Owen De La Pole
Owen de la Pole (c. 1257 – c. 1293), also known as Owain ap Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn, was the heir presumptive to the Welsh principality of Powys Wenwynwyn until 1283 when it was abolished by the Parliament of Shrewsbury. He became the 1st Lord of Powis after the death of his father Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn c. 1287. He is not related to the English de la Pole family descended from William de la Pole, Chief Baron of the Exchequer in the following century, later Earls and Dukes of Suffolk. Early life and family Owen was born in England sometime after his father Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn was driven into exile there in 1257 by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, ruler of the Kingdom of Gwynedd. It was during this exile that his father probably adopted the surname ''de la Pole'' meaning "of the Pool" and referring to the old name for Welshpool which had become his family's capital. Owen's mother was Hawise Lestrange, daughter of John Lestrange. His uncles were Hamo le Strange and Roger le Str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gruffydd Ap Gwenwynwyn
Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn (died c. 1286) was a Welsh people, Welsh king who was lord of the part of Kingdom of Powys, Powys known as Powys Wenwynwyn; he sided with King Edward I of England in the latter's Conquest of Wales by Edward I, conquest of Wales of 1277–1283. Gruffudd was the son of Gwenwynwyn and Margaret Corbet. He was still a child when his father, who had been driven out of his princedom by Llywelyn ab Iorwerth (Llywelyn the Great), died in exile in 1216. He spent his youth in England, maintained by the King, and did not return to Wales until after Llywelyn's death. When Dafydd ap Llywelyn was forced to come to terms with King Henry III of England in 1241, Gruffudd was given most of the lands formerly held by his father, paying homage to Henry for them. Around this time he married Hawise Lestrange, Hawise, daughter of John Lestrange (died 1269), John Lestrange of Knockin, Shropshire. When Llywelyn ap Gruffudd increased his power in Wales after 1255, Gruffudd continued ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Powys Wenwynwyn
Powys Wenwynwyn or Powys Cyfeiliog was a Welsh kingdom which existed during the high Middle Ages. The realm was the southern portion of the former princely state of Kingdom of Powys, Powys which split following the death of Madog ap Maredudd of Powys in 1160: the northern portion (Maelor) went to Gruffydd Maelor and eventually became known as Powys Fadog; while the southern portion (Cyfeiliog) going to Owain Cyfeiliog and becoming known, eventually, as Powys Wenwynwyn after Prince Gwenwynwyn ab Owain, its second ruler. Powys Wenwynwyn and Kingdom of Gwynedd, Gwynedd became bitter rivals in the years that followed, with the former frequently allying itself with England to further its aims of weakening the latter. Princes of Powys Wenwynwyn * 1160–1195 Owain Cyfeiliog married a daughter of Owain Gwynedd and abdicated in 1195. * 1195–1216 Gwenwynwyn ab Owain Gwenwynwyn seized the cantref of Arwystli in 1197, when he was aligned with England. Following the marriage of Llywely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantref Bychan
A commote (, sometimes spelt in older documents as , plural , less frequently )'' Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru'' (University of Wales Dictionary), p. 643 was a secular division of land in Medieval Wales. The word derives from the prefix ("together", "with") and the noun ("home, abode"). The English word "commote" is derived from the Middle Welsh . The basic unit of land was the , a small basic village or settlement. In theory, 100 made up a (literally, "one hundred settlements"; plural: ), and half or a third of a was a , although in practice the actual numbers varied greatly. Together with the , commotes were the geographical divisions through which defence and justice were organised. In charge of a commote would be a chieftain probably related to the ruling Prince of the Kingdom. His court would have been situated in a special , referred to as a . Here, the bonded villagers who farmed the chieftain's estate lived, together with the court officials and servants. Commotes were f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lordship Of Denbigh
The Lordship of Denbigh, also known as Denbighland, was a marcher lordship in North Wales created by Edward I of England, Edward I in 1284 and granted to the Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln, Earl of Lincoln. It was centred on the borough of Denbigh and Denbigh Castle. The lordship was held successively by several of England's most prominent aristocratic families in the 14th and 15th centuries. Title to the lordship was disputed for much of the second half of the 14th century between two powerful noble families: the Earl of March#English Earls of March, first Creation (1328), Mortimer Earls of March and the Earl of Salisbury#Earls of Salisbury, Second Creation (1337), Montagu Earls of Salisbury. Eventually, the lordship returned to the crown when Edward IV of England, Edward, Duke of York, who had inherited the lordship through his grandmother, acceded to the throne in 1461 as Edward IV. As a marcher lordship, its rulers held significant judicial powers as well as Manorialism, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dyffryn Clwyd
Dyffryn Clwyd was a cantref of Medieval Wales and from 1282 a marcher lordship. In 1536, it became part of the new county of Denbighshire. The name means Vale of Clwyd in English and is still the name for that region of north Wales in modern Welsh. Dyffryn Clwyd was one of the cantrefi of Perfeddwlad, and itself was made up of three commotes, Colion, Dogfeiling and Llannerch. The lordship was granted in 1282 to Reginald de Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Wilton,''The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales''. John Davies, Nigel Jenkins, Menna Baines and Peredur Lynch (2008) p. 334 Justice of Chester and Edward I's commander for his campaign of 1282 into north Wales. The lordship remained in the Grey family until Richard Grey, 6th Baron Grey de Ruthyn, 3rd Earl of Kent sold it to Henry VII in 1508. Marcher Lords of Dyffryn Clwyd *Reginald de Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Wilton Reginald de Grey, 1st Baron Grey of Wilton (c. 1240 – 5 April 1308) was an English nobleman after whom one of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Powys Fadog
Powys Fadog (English: ''Lower Powys'' or literally ''Madog's Powys'') was the northern portion of the former princely realm of Powys. The princes of Powys Fadog would build their royal seat at Castell Dinas Brân, and their religious center at Valle Crucis Abbey. Some of its lordships included those of Maelor, Mochnant, Glyndyfrdwy, Yale, and Bromfield and Yale. Following the division of Powys, their cousin branch, the princes of Powys Wenwynwyn, would build Powis Castle. The principality's first prince was Gruffydd Maelor I, and its last sovereign prince was Madog II ap Gruffydd, following the Conquest of Wales by king Edward Longshanks. History Powys Fadog split in two in 1160 following the death of Prince Madog ap Maredudd. He was a member of the Royal House of Mathrafal, founded by grandfather, King Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, who led a defence with the Anglo-Saxons against William the Conqueror.Pierce, T. J., (1959)MADOG ap MAREDUDD (died 1160), king of Powys Dictiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chirkland
Chirkland () was a marcher lordship in north-east Wales. It was created in 1282 from parts of Powys Fadog granted to Roger Mortimer de Chirk, third son of Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore, who then built Chirk Castle from where the lordship was administered. Chirkland continued to be ruled as a separate lordship until the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542. After this time, Chirkland became the ''Hundred of Chirk'' in the newly created Denbighshire. Most of the former lordship now lies in the county of Powys. Swydd y Waun was the name of a cantref in the medieval Kingdom of Powys. It contained the commotes of Cynllaith Cynllaith or Cynllaeth was a commote () of north east Wales in the cantref of (later Chirkland) which was once part of the Kingdom of Powys and later part of the smaller kingdom of Powys Fadog. Cynllaith, or at least the part of it called ''C ... and Nanheudwy. References History of Wales Cantrefs History of Powys {{Powys-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
