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Starburst Galaxy
A starburst galaxy is one undergoing an exceptionally high rate of star formation, as compared to the long-term average rate of star formation in the galaxy, or the star formation rate observed in most other galaxies. For example, the star formation rate of the Milky Way galaxy is approximately 3 M☉/yr, while starburst galaxies can experience star formation rates of 100 M☉/yr or more. In a starburst galaxy, the rate of star formation is so large that the galaxy consumes all of its gas reservoir, from which the stars are forming, on a timescale much shorter than the age of the galaxy. As such, the starburst nature of a galaxy is a phase, and one that typically occupies a brief period of a galaxy's evolution. The majority of starburst galaxies are in the midst of a merger or close encounter with another galaxy. Starburst galaxies include M82, NGC 4038/NGC 4039 (the Antennae Galaxies), and IC 10. Definition Starburst galaxies are defined by these three interrelated factor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antennae Galaxies Xl
Antenna (: antennas or antennae) most commonly refers to: * Antenna (zoology), one of a pair of appendages used for sensing in arthropods * Antenna (radio), or aerial, an electronic device that transmits, receives, or detects radio waves ** Antenna types Antenna, antennas, antennae or antena may also refer to: Broadcasting companies and channels * Antenna Group or ANT1 Group, a media company and broadcaster in Greece * Antenna TV, an American TV channel * Antena 1 (other), several channels * Antena 2 (other), several channels * Antena 3 (other), several channels * Antena Internațional, an international TV channel for Romanians * Antena Radio Jelah, Bosnian radio station * Antena Sarajevo, Bosnian radio station * Antena Stars, a Romanian television channel * Radio Antena M, Montenegrin radio station Film and television * Antenna (film), ''Antenna'' (film), a 1970 Dutch short film * Antenna (TV series), ''Antenna'' (TV series), a Australian TV progr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue Compact Galaxy
A starburst galaxy is one undergoing an exceptionally high rate of star formation, as compared to the long-term average rate of star formation in the galaxy, or the star formation rate observed in most other galaxies. For example, the star formation rate of the Milky Way galaxy is approximately 3 M☉/yr, while starburst galaxies can experience star formation rates of 100 M☉/yr or more. In a starburst galaxy, the rate of star formation is so large that the galaxy consumes all of its gas reservoir, from which the stars are forming, on a timescale much shorter than the age of the galaxy. As such, the starburst nature of a galaxy is a phase, and one that typically occupies a brief period of a galaxy's evolution. The majority of starburst galaxies are in the midst of a merger or close encounter with another galaxy. Starburst galaxies include M82, NGC 4038/NGC 4039 (the Antennae Galaxies), and IC 10. Definition Starburst galaxies are defined by these three interrelated factors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hubble View- Wolf-Rayet Stars, Intense And Short-Lived (18731205164)
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation. It was not the first space telescope, but it is one of the largest and most versatile, renowned as a vital research tool and as a public relations boon for astronomy. The Hubble Space Telescope is named after astronomer Edwin Hubble and is one of NASA's Great Observatories. The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) selects Hubble's targets and processes the resulting data, while the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) controls the spacecraft. Hubble features a mirror, and its five main instruments observe in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Hubble's orbit outside the distortion of Earth's atmosphere allows it to capture extremely high-resolution images with substantially lower background light than ground-based telescopes. It has recorded some of the most detailed visible light image ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arp 220
Arp 220 is the result of a collision between two galaxies which are now in the process of merging. It is the 220th object in Halton Arp's '' Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies''. Features Arp 220 is the closest ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) to Earth, at 250 million light years away. Its energy output was discovered by IRAS to be dominated by the far-infrared part of the spectrum. It is often regarded as the prototypical ULIRG and has been the subject of much study as a result. Most of its energy output is thought to be the result of a massive burst of star formation, or starburst, probably triggered by the merging of two smaller galaxies. Hubble Space Telescope observations of Arp 220 in 2002 and 1997, taken in visible light with the ACS, and in infrared light with NICMOS, revealed more than 200 huge star clusters in the central part of the galaxy. The most massive of these clusters contains enough material to equal about 10 million suns. X-ray observations by the Chandra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
X-ray Astronomy
X-ray astronomy is an observational branch of astronomy which deals with the study of X-ray observation and detection from astronomical objects. X-radiation is absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere, so instruments to detect X-rays must be taken to high altitude by Balloon-borne telescope, balloons, sounding rockets, and X-ray astronomy satellite, satellites. X-ray astronomy uses a type of space telescope that can see x-ray radiation which standard optical telescopes, such as the Mauna Kea Observatories, cannot. X-ray generation, X-ray emission is expected from astronomical objects that contain extremely hot gases at temperatures from about a million kelvin (K) to hundreds of millions of kelvin (MK). Moreover, the maintenance of the E-layer of ionized gas high in the Earth's thermosphere also suggested a strong extraterrestrial source of X-rays. Although theory predicted that the Sun and the stars would be prominent X-ray sources, there was no way to verify this because Earth's atmo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Active Galactic Nucleus
An active galactic nucleus (AGN) is a compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits a significant amount of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, with characteristics indicating that this luminosity is not produced by the stars. Such excess, non-stellar emissions have been observed in the radio waves, radio, microwave, infrared, visible spectrum, optical, ultra-violet, X-ray and gamma ray wavebands. A galaxy hosting an AGN is called an active galaxy. The non-stellar radiation from an AGN is theorized to result from the accretion (astrophysics), accretion of matter by a supermassive black hole at the center of its host galaxy. Active galactic nuclei are the most luminous persistent sources of electromagnetic radiation in the universe and, as such, can be used as a means of discovering distant objects; their evolution as a function of cosmic time also puts constraints on cosmology, models of the cosmos. The observed characteristics of an AGN depend on several properties s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luminous Infrared Galaxy
Luminous infrared galaxies or LIRGs are galaxies with luminosities, the measurement of brightness, above . They are also referred to as submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) through their normal method of detection. LIRGs are more abundant than starburst galaxies, Seyfert galaxies and quasi-stellar objects at comparable luminosity. Infrared galaxies emit more energy in the infrared than at all other wavelengths combined. A LIRG's luminosity is 100 billion times that of the Sun. Galaxies with luminosities above are ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). Galaxies exceeding are characterised as hyper-luminous infrared galaxies (HyLIRGs). Those exceeding are extremely luminous infrared galaxies (ELIRGs). Many of the LIRGs and ULIRGs are showing interactions and disruptions. Many of these types of galaxies spawn about 100 new stars a year as compared to the Milky Way which spawns one a year; this helps create the high level of luminosity. Discovery and characteristics Infrared galax ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blueberry Galaxy
Blueberry galaxies (BBs) are Dwarf galaxy, dwarf Starburst galaxy, starburst galaxies that have very high ionization rates and some of the lowest stellar masses and Metallicity, metallicities. They are smaller counterparts of Pea galaxy, Green Pea galaxies (GPs), but * are more compact being less than th the size of the Milky Way, * are less distant, existing in low-density environments that are within the local universe, and * have lower luminosity, luminosities. BBs form one of the youngest classes of star-forming galaxies with median ages ~70 Myr. Two BBs are among the most metal-poor galaxies known within the local universe. BBs were first named in the scientific literature by Yang et al. (2017) as GPs that were at a distance of redshift z=0.05 or less, although similar galaxies had originally been named BBs on the Galaxy Zoo website. While Yang et al. identified a sample of 40 BBs, a much larger sample was acquired using data from the LAMOST DR9 survey. Liu et al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galaxy Zoo
Galaxy Zoo is a crowdsourced astronomy project which invites people to assist in the galaxy morphological classification, morphological classification of large numbers of galaxy, galaxies. It is an example of citizen science as it enlists the help of members of the public to help in scientific research. There have been 15 versions as of July 2017. Galaxy Zoo is part of the Zooniverse (citizen science project), Zooniverse, a group of citizen science projects. An outcome of the project is to better determine the different aspects of objects and to separate them into classifications. Origins A key factor leading to the creation of the project was the problem of what has been referred to as data deluge, where research produces vast sets of information to the extent that research teams are not able to analyse and process much of it. Kevin Schawinski, previously an astrophysicist at Oxford University and co-founder of Galaxy Zoo, described the problem that led to Galaxy Zoo's crea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pea Galaxy
A Pea galaxy, also referred to as a Pea or Green Pea, might be a type of luminous blue compact galaxy that is undergoing very high rates of star formation. Pea galaxies are so-named because of their small size and greenish appearance in the images taken by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). "Pea" galaxies were first discovered in 2007 by the volunteer citizen scientists within the forum section of the online astronomy project Galaxy Zoo (GZ), part of the Zooniverse web portal. Description The Pea galaxies, also known as Green Peas (GPs), are compact oxygen-rich emission line galaxies that were discovered at redshift between ''z'' = 0.112 and 0.360. These low-mass galaxies have an upper size limit generally no bigger than across, and typically they reside in environments less than two-thirds the density of normal galaxy environments. An average GP has a redshift of ''z'' = 0.258, a mass of ~3,200 million (~3,200 million solar masses), a star formation rate of /yr (~10 sola ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies
A dwarf galaxy is a small galaxy composed of about 1000 up to several billion stars, as compared to the Milky Way's 200–400 billion stars. The Large Magellanic Cloud, which closely orbits the Milky Way and contains over 30 billion stars, is sometimes classified as a dwarf galaxy; others consider it a full-fledged galaxy. Dwarf galaxies' formation and activity are thought to be heavily influenced by interactions with larger galaxies. Astronomers identify numerous types of dwarf galaxies, based on their shape and composition. Formation One theory states that most galaxies, including dwarf galaxies, form in association with dark matter, or from gas that contains metals. However, NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer space probe identified new dwarf galaxies forming out of gases with low metallicity. These galaxies were located in the Leo Ring, a cloud of hydrogen and helium around two massive galaxies in the constellation Leo. Because of their small size, dwarf galaxies have bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haro 11
Haro 11 (H11) is a small galaxy at a distance of (redshift z=0.020598). It is situated in the southern constellation of Sculptor. Visually, it appears to be an irregular galaxy, as the ESO image to the right shows. H11 is named after Guillermo Haro, a Mexican astronomer who first included it in a study published in 1956 about blue galaxies. H11 is a starburst galaxy that has 'super star clusters' within it and is one of nine galaxies in the local universe known to emit Lyman continuum photons (LyC). Background Guillermo Haro first described H11 in a study published in 1956 listing 44 galaxies that were blue. The observations had been carried out at the Tonantzintla Observatory in Mexico using the Schmidt Camera. Since then, The NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) gives 123 citations for H11. The first study showing the possible escape of Lyman continuum photons was published in 2006, using data from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE). The study's aim was to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
