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Standard Wire Gauge
The British Standard Wire Gauge, often referred to as the Standard Wire Gauge or simply SWG, is a unit used to denote wire gauge (size) as defined by British standard, BS 3737:1964, a standard that has since been withdrawn. It is also known as the Imperial Wire Gauge or British Standard Gauge. Although its use has significantly declined, SWG sizes are still used for measuring the thickness of guitar strings and certain types of electrical wire. In modern applications, wire size is more commonly measured in terms of cross-sectional area, expressed in square millimeters, particularly for electrical installation cables. The current British Standard for metallic materials, including wires and sheets, is BS 6722:1986, which exclusively uses metric measurements. History SWG was fixed by Order of Council August 23, 1883. It was constructed by improving the Birmingham Wire Gauge. It was made a legal standard on 1 March, 1884, by the British Board of Trade. SWG is not to be confused ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wire Gauge (PSF)
Wire gauge is a measurement of wire diameter. This determines the amount of electric current the wire can safely carry, as well as its electrical resistance and weight. Types of wire gauge Wire gauges may be broadly divided into two groups, the empirical and the geometric progression, geometric. The first includes all the older gauge measurements, notably the Birmingham gauge (B.W.G. or Stubs) and the Lancashire. The origin of the B.W.G. is obscure. The numbers of wire were in common use earlier than 1735 when the measurements were officially defined. It is believed that they originally were based on the series of drawn wires, No. 1 being the original rod, and succeeding numbers corresponding with each draw, so that No. 10, for example, would have passed ten times through the draw plate. But the Birmingham and the Lancashire gauges, the latter being based on an averaging of the dimensions collated from a large number of the former in the possession of Peter Stubs of Warrington ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piecewise Linear Function
In mathematics, a piecewise linear or segmented function is a real-valued function of a real variable, whose graph is composed of straight-line segments. Definition A piecewise linear function is a function defined on a (possibly unbounded) interval of real numbers, such that there is a collection of intervals on each of which the function is an affine function. (Thus "piecewise linear" is actually defined to mean "piecewise affine".) If the domain of the function is compact, there needs to be a finite collection of such intervals; if the domain is not compact, it may either be required to be finite or to be locally finite in the reals. Examples The function defined by : f(x) = \begin -x - 3 & \textx \leq -3 \\ x + 3 & \text-3 < x < 0 \\ -2x + 3 & \text0 \leq x < 3 \\ 0.5x - 4.5 & \textx \geq 3 \end is piecewise linear with four pieces. The graph of this function is shown to the right. Since the graph of an affine(*) function is a [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Number 8 Wire
Number 8 wire is a gauge of wire on the British Standard Wire Gauge that has entered into the cultural lexicon of New Zealand. Use for farm fencing Early farm fences in New Zealand were generally used to protect crops, gardens, and orchards from farm animals, rather than to contain the stock. Fencing methods used were post-and-rail fences, ditch-and-bank fences, stone walls, and hedges, but all proved too expensive to install and maintain to fence entire properties and tended to be unreliable. To prevent stock straying, boundary keepers were employed to patrol boundaries. In the 1850s, heavy annealed iron wire became available for fences, but this wire was very thick and only came in short lengths, was hard to work and to keep taut, and was expensive to use. In England, in 1855, Henry Bessemer patented the Bessemer process that led to the mass production of low-cost high-quality steel, leading to the large scale production of affordable lighter gauge steel wire. The introducti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electrical Wiring
Electrical wiring is an electrical installation of Electrical cable, cabling and associated devices such as switches, distribution boards, sockets, and light fittings in a structure. Wiring is subject to safety standards for design and installation. Allowable wire and electrical cable, cable types and sizes are specified according to the circuit operating voltage and electric current capability, with further restrictions on the environmental conditions, such as ambient temperature range, moisture levels, and exposure to sunlight and chemicals. Associated circuit protection, control, and distribution devices within a building's wiring system are subject to voltage, current, and functional specifications. Wiring safety codes vary by locality, country, or region. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is attempting to harmonise wiring standards among member countries, but significant variations in design and installation requirements still exist. Wiring methods ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Body Jewelry Sizes
Body jewelry sizes express the thickness of an item of body jewelry, using one of several possible systems. Background Items of body piercing jewelry have an important common factor: the diameter of the part of the item of jewelry where it will rest in the piercing site. With the wearing of European-traditional kinds of earrings, that thickness is not an issue, because jewelry is made to use only thin wire for support, and the wearer need only have a narrow piercing hole to accommodate it. But with body jewelry, there is a wide variety of possible sizes, and wearers generally want jewelry that is the same size as their piercing site. Some wearers want increasingly larger sizes to deliberately stretch the hole. So that wearers can choose the size they want, there are standards for body jewelry sizes, used by jewelry makers and sellers. Generally, the system of gauge-and-inches is used: In gauge notation, jewelry less than ″ thick is ''typically'' measured in a system ori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewelry Wire Gauge
Jewelry wire is wire, usually copper, brass, nickel, aluminium, silver, or gold, used in jewelry making. Wire is defined today as a single, usually cylindrical, elongated strand of drawn metal. However, when wire was first invented over 2,000 years BC, it was made from gold nuggets pounded into flat sheets, which were then cut into strips. The strips were twisted and then rolled into the round shape we call wire. This early wire, which was used in making jewelry, can be distinguished from modern wire by the spiral line along the wire created by the edges of the sheet. Modern wire is manufactured in a different process that was discovered in Ancient Rome. In this process, a solid metal cylinder is pulled through a draw plate with holes of a defined size. Thinner sizes of wire are made by pulling wire through successively smaller holes in the draw plate until the desired size is reached. When wire was first invented, its use was limited to making jewelry. Today, wire is used e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stubs Iron Wire Gauge
The Birmingham gauge, officially the Birmingham Wire Gauge and often abbreviated as ''G'' or ''ga'', is unit or wire gauge used to measure the thickness or diameter of wires and tubing, including hypodermic needles and other medical tube products. Terminology The Birmingham gauge is also known as the Stubs Iron Wire Gauge or Birmingham Wire Gauge and is distinct from the Stubs Steel Wire Gauge and the British standard gauge, British Standard Wire Gauge. It is commonly referred to simply as ''gauge'' (abbreviated as ''G''), but this should not be confused with the French gauge, a separate system used for measuring the outer diameter of Catheter, catheters. System The Birmingham gauge ranges from 5/0 or 00000, the lowest gauge number corresponding to the largest size of , to 36, the highest gauge number corresponding to the smallest size of . The increments between gauge sizes are not linear and vary. At higher gauge numbers, the increment between the two highest gauges is , whil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circular Mil
A circular mil is a unit of area, equal to the area of a circle with a diameter of one mil (one thousandth of an inch or ). It is equal to /4 square mils or approximately . It is a unit intended for referring to the area of a wire with a circular cross section. As the definition of the unit contains , it is easy to calculate area values in circular mils when the diameter in mils is known. The area in circular mils, , of a circle with a diameter of mils, is given by the formula: \_\mathrm = \_\mathrm^2. In Canada and the United States, the Canadian Electrical Code (CEC) and the National Electrical Code (NEC), respectively, use the circular mil to define wire sizes larger than 0000 AWG. In many NEC publications and uses, large wires may be expressed in thousands of circular mils, which is abbreviated in two different ways: kcmil or MCM. For example, one common wire size used in the NEC has a conductor diameter of 0.5 inches, or 500 mils, and thus a cross-section of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IEC 60228
IEC 60228 is the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)'s international standard on ''conductors of insulated cables''. the current version is Third Edition 2004-11 Among other things, it defines a set of standard wire cross-sectional areas: In engineering applications, it is often most convenient to describe a wire in terms of its cross-section area, rather than its diameter, because the cross section is directly proportional to its strength and weight, and inversely proportional to its Electrical resistance, resistance. The cross-sectional area is also related to the maximum current (electricity), current that a metallic wire can carry safely. This document is one considered ''fundamental'' in that it does not contain reference to any other standard. Description The document describes several aspects of the conductors for electrical cables Class This refers to the flexibility and thermal effects i.e temperature of a conductor. * Class 1: Solid conductor * Class ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exponential Curve
Exponential growth occurs when a quantity grows as an exponential function of time. The quantity grows at a rate directly proportional to its present size. For example, when it is 3 times as big as it is now, it will be growing 3 times as fast as it is now. In more technical language, its instantaneous rate of change (that is, the derivative) of a quantity with respect to an independent variable is proportional to the quantity itself. Often the independent variable is time. Described as a function, a quantity undergoing exponential growth is an exponential function of time, that is, the variable representing time is the exponent (in contrast to other types of growth, such as quadratic growth). Exponential growth is the inverse of logarithmic growth. Not all cases of growth at an always increasing rate are instances of exponential growth. For example the function f(x) = x^3 grows at an ever increasing rate, but is much slower than growing exponentially. For example, when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wire Gauge
Wire gauge is a measurement of wire diameter. This determines the amount of electric current the wire can safely carry, as well as its electrical resistance and weight. Types of wire gauge Wire gauges may be broadly divided into two groups, the empirical and the geometric progression, geometric. The first includes all the older gauge measurements, notably the Birmingham gauge (B.W.G. or Stubs) and the Lancashire. The origin of the B.W.G. is obscure. The numbers of wire were in common use earlier than 1735 when the measurements were officially defined. It is believed that they originally were based on the series of drawn wires, No. 1 being the original rod, and succeeding numbers corresponding with each draw, so that No. 10, for example, would have passed ten times through the draw plate. But the Birmingham and the Lancashire gauges, the latter being based on an averaging of the dimensions collated from a large number of the former in the possession of Peter Stubs of Warrington ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
