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St. Margaret's Church, Mediaș
St. Margaret's Church (; ) is a Evangelical Church of Augustan Confession in Romania, Lutheran church, located at 1 Piața Castelului in the historic town center of Mediaș (''Mediasch''), Sibiu County, in the Transylvania region of Romania. The present, International Gothic, late Gothic structure was built between 1437 and 1488 by the Germans, ethnic German Transylvanian Saxon community at a time when the area belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526), Kingdom of Hungary. Consecrated as a Roman Catholic church, with Margaret the Virgin, St Margaret of Antioch as its patron saint, it became Lutheran following the Protestant Reformation, Reformation. St. Margaret's church is located at the center of a large Fortress church, church fortress. About 150 of these buildings still exist in Transylvania. Seven of these Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania, villages with fortified churches are listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gothic Architecture
Gothic architecture is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High Middle Ages, High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. It originated in the Île-de-France and Picardy regions of northern France. The style at the time was sometimes known as ''opus Francigenum'' (); the term ''Gothic'' was first applied contemptuously during the later Renaissance, by those ambitious to revive the Classical architecture, architecture of classical antiquity. The defining design element of Gothic architecture is the Pointed arch (architecture), pointed arch. The use of the pointed arch in turn led to the development of the pointed rib vault and flying buttresses, combined with elaborate tracery and stained glass windows. At the Abbey of Basilica of Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, near Paris, the choir was rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection under an treaty, international treaty administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance. The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity". To be selected, a World Heritage Site is nominated by its host country and determined by the UNESCO's World Heritage Committee to be a unique landmark which is geographically and historically identifiable, having a special cultural or physical significance, and to be under a sufficient system of legal protection. World Heritage Sites might be ancient ruins or historical structures, buildings, cities, deserts, forests, islands, lakes, monuments, mountains or wilderness areas, and others. A World Heritage Site may signify a remarkable accomplishment of humankind and serve as evidence of humanity's intellectual history on the planet, or it might be a place of grea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incunabula
An incunable or incunabulum (: incunables or incunabula, respectively) is a book, pamphlet, or broadside (printing), broadside that was printed in the earliest stages of printing in Europe, up to the year 1500. The specific date is essentially arbitrary, but the number of printed book editions exploded in the following century, so that all incunabula, produced before the printing press became Global spread of the printing press#Europe, widespread in Europe, are rare, where even some early 16th-century books are relatively common. They are distinct from manuscripts, which are documents written by hand. Some authorities on the history of printing include block books from the same time period as incunabula, whereas others limit the term to works printed using movable type. there are about 30,000 distinct incunable Edition (book), editions known. The probable number of surviving individual copies is much higher, estimated at 125,000 in Germany alone. Through statistical analy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Carpet
Anatolian rug or Turkish carpet ( Turkish: ''Türk Halısı'') is a term of convenience, commonly used today to denote rugs and carpets woven in Anatolia and its adjacent regions. Geographically, its area of production can be compared to the territories which were historically dominated by the Ottoman Empire. It denotes a knotted, pile-woven floor or wall covering which is produced for home use, local sale, and export, and religious purpose. Together with the flat-woven kilim, Anatolian rugs represent an essential part of the regional culture, which is officially understood as the Culture of Turkey today, and derives from the ethnic, religious and cultural pluralism of one of the most ancient centres of human civilisation. Rug weaving represents a traditional craft dating back to prehistoric times. Rugs were woven much earlier than even the oldest surviving rugs like the Pazyryk rug would suggest. During its long history, the art and craft of the woven carpet has absorbed and int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transylvanian Rugs
The name Transylvanian rug is used as a term of convenience to denote a cultural heritage of 15th–17th century Oriental rug, Islamic rugs, mainly of Ottoman Empire, Ottoman origin, which have been preserved in Transylvanian Protestant (Hungarian and Saxon) churches. The corpus of Transylvanian rugs constitutes one of the largest collections of Ottoman Turkish carpet, Anatolian rugs outside the Islamic world. Types of "Transylvanian" Ottoman rugs Amongst the rugs carpets preserved in Transylvania are classical Turkish carpets like Holbein carpet, Holbein, Lotto carpet, Lotto, and so-called "white ground" Selendi or Ushak carpets. The term "Transylvanian rug" more specifically refers to four distinct types of Anatolian carpets which have survived in Transylvania. Single-niche rugs Transylvanian rugs with a prayer rug design are characterized by a single red niche, white spandrels with a waving curvilinear floral stem bearing various kinds of flowers and flowerbuds, and och ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Schesaeus
Christian Schesaus (1535 – July 30, 1585) was a Transylvanian Saxon humanist, poet, and Lutheran pastor. He was born in Mediaș, studied first in Brașov, and then from 1556 to 1558 at the University of Wittenberg. ''Ruinae Pannonnicae'', his best known work, was written in Latin and composed in dactylic hexameter on the model of Virgil's ''Aeneid''. The subject of the poem deals with the events in Transylvania, Hungary, Wallachia and Moldavia over the 31-year period of 1540 to 1571. Schesaus insists on the Roman origin and heritage of Romanians, backed by evidence he presents (together with proof of Dacian contributions). The work was first printed in Wittenberg (1571), and it ensured that Schesaus was awarded the title of Poet Laureate by Prince Stephen Bathory. Around 1580, Christian Schesaus was living in Biertan; he died of the plague. He was buried in St. Margaret's Church, Mediaș St. Margaret's Church (; ) is a Evangelical Church of Augustan Confession in Roma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winged Altarpiece
A winged altarpiece (also ''folding altar'') or winged retable is a special form of altarpiece (reredos, occasionally retable), common in Northern and Central Europe, in which the central image, either a painting or relief sculpture (or some combination of the two) can be hidden by hinged wings. It is called a triptych if there are two wings, a pentaptych (but this is rarely used in English) if there are four, or a polyptych if there are four or more. The technical terms are derived from : ''trís'' or "triple"; πέντε: ''pénte'' or "five"; πολύς: ''polýs'' or "many"; and πτυχή: ''ptychē'' or "fold, layer". There are often images on both the insides and outsides of the wings, enabling the altarpiece to display completely different views when open and closed. It was usually the custom to keep the wings closed except on Sundays or feast days, although very often the sacristan would open them for tourists at any time for a modest tip. Small winged paintings, usu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choir (architecture)
A choir, also sometimes called quire, is the area of a church or cathedral that provides seating for the clergy and church choir. It is in the western part of the chancel, between the nave and the sanctuary, which houses the altar and Church tabernacle. In larger medieval churches it contained choir-stalls, seating aligned with the side of the church, so at right-angles to the seating for the congregation in the nave. Smaller medieval churches may not have a choir in the architectural sense at all, and they are often lacking in churches built by all denominations after the Protestant Reformation, though the Gothic Revival revived them as a distinct feature. As an architectural term "choir" remains distinct from the actual location of any singing choir – these may be located in various places, and often sing from a choir-loft, often over the door at the liturgical western end. In modern churches, the choir may be located centrally behind the altar, or the pulpit. The place w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prestressed Concrete
Prestressed concrete is a form of concrete used in construction. It is substantially prestressed (Compression (physics), compressed) during production, in a manner that strengthens it against tensile forces which will exist when in service. Post-tensioned concreted is "structural concrete in which internal stresses have been introduced to reduce potential tensile stresses in the concrete resulting from loads." It was patented by Eugène Freyssinet in 1928. This compression is produced by the Tension (physics), tensioning of high-strength ''tendons'' located within or adjacent to the concrete and is done to improve the performance of the concrete in service. Tendons may consist of single wires, multi-wire Wire rope, strands or threaded bars that are most commonly made from high-tensile steels, carbon fiber or aramid fiber. The essence of prestressed concrete is that once the initial compression has been applied, the resulting material has the characteristics of high-strength concre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beeldenstorm
''Beeldenstorm'' () in Dutch and ''Bildersturm'' in German (roughly translatable from both languages as 'attack on the images or statues') are terms used for outbreaks of destruction of religious images that occurred in Europe in the 16th century, known in English as the Great Iconoclasm or Iconoclastic Fury. During these spates of iconoclasm, Catholic art and many forms of church fittings and decoration were destroyed in unofficial or mob actions by Calvinist Protestant crowds as part of the Protestant Reformation. Most of the destruction was of art in churches and public places. The Dutch term usually specifically refers to the wave of disorderly attacks in the summer of 1566 that spread rapidly through the Low Countries from south to north. Similar outbreaks of iconoclasm took place in other parts of Europe, especially in Switzerland and the Holy Roman Empire in the period between 1522 and 1566, notably Zürich (in 1523), Copenhagen (1530), Münster (1534), Geneva (1535 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
