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Solidarité Française
Solidarité Française ("French Solidarity") was a French fascist, far-right league founded in 1933 by the perfume manufacturer François Coty (1874-1934) as the "Parti national corporatif républicain". After Coty's death, it was commanded by Major Jean Renaud, members dressed in blue shirts, black berets and jackboots and shouted the slogan "France for the French". The movement claimed a strength of 180,000 in 1934, with 80,000 in Paris, but the Paris police thought the number in the city to be closer to 15,000. The small membership did not, however, isolate the group since it found itself integrated in the loose coalition of far-right movements that included Charles Maurras's Action Française and Pierre Taittinger's Jeunesse Patriotes. The group gained notoriety during the rally, which later became a riot, during the 6 February 1934 crisis in front of the Palais Bourbon. The group was dissolved by a law adopted by the Popular Front government of Léon Blum in June 1936. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Far-right Movements In France
The far-right () tradition in France finds its origins in the Third Republic with Boulangism and the Dreyfus affair. In the 1880s, General Georges Boulanger, called "General Revenge" (), championed demands for military revenge against Imperial Germany as retribution for the defeat and fall of the Second French Empire during the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71). This stance, known as revanchism, began to exert a strong influence on French nationalism. Soon thereafter, the Dreyfus affair provided one of the political division lines of France. French nationalism, which had been largely associated with left-wing and Republican ideologies before the Dreyfus affair, turned after that into a main trait of the right-wing and, moreover, of the far right. A new right emerged, and nationalism was reappropriated by the far-right who turned it into a form of ethnic nationalism, blended with anti-Semitism, xenophobia, anti-Protestantism and anti-Masonry. The ''Action française'' (AF), first fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6 February 1934 Crisis
The 6 February 1934 crisis (also known as the Veterans' Riot) was an anti-parliamentarist street demonstration in Paris, organized by multiple far-right leagues that culminated in a riot on the Place de la Concorde, near the building used for the French National Assembly. The police shot and killed 17 people, nine of whom were far-right protesters. It was one of the major political crises during the Third Republic (1870–1940). Leftist Frenchmen claimed it was an attempt to organize a fascist ''coup d'état''. According to historian Joel Colton, "The consensus among scholars is that there was no concerted or unified design to seize power and that the leagues lacked the coherence, unity, or leadership to accomplish such an end." As a result of the actions of that day, several anti-fascist organizations were created, such as the '' Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes'', in an attempt to thwart fascism in France. After World War II, several historians, among the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1936 Disestablishments In France
Events January–February * January 20 – The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King Edward VIII, following the death of his father, George V, at Sandringham House. * January 28 – Death and state funeral of George V, State funeral of George V of the United Kingdom. After a procession through London, he is buried at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. * February 4 – Radium E (bismuth-210) becomes the first radioactive element to be made synthetically. * February 6 – The 1936 Winter Olympics, IV Olympic Winter Games open in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. * February 10–February 19, 19 – Second Italo-Ethiopian War: Battle of Amba Aradam – Italian forces gain a decisive tactical victory, effectively neutralizing the army of the Ethiopian Empire. * February 16 – 1936 Spanish general election: The left-wing Popular Front (Spain), Popular Front coalition takes a majority. * February 26 – February 26 Incident (二・二六事件, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1933 Establishments In France
Events January * January 11 – Australian aviator Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wishes of U.S. President Herbert Hoover. * January 28 – "Pakistan Declaration": Choudhry Rahmat Ali publishes (in Cambridge, UK) a pamphlet entitled ''Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?'', in which he calls for the creation of a Muslim state in northwest India that he calls "Pakistan, Pakstan"; this influences the Pakistan Movement. * January 30 ** Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany (German Reich), Chancellor of Germany by President of Germany Paul von Hindenburg. ** Édouard Daladier forms a government in France in succession to Joseph Paul-Boncour. He is succeeded on October 26 by Albert Sarraut and on November 26 by Camille Chautemps. February * February 1 – Adolf Hitle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parti Populaire Français
The French Popular Party (, PPF) was a French fascist and anti-semitic political party led by Jacques Doriot before and during World War II. It is generally regarded as the most collaborationist party of France. Formation and early years The party was formed on 28 June 1936, by Doriot and a number of fellow former members of the French Communist Party (including Henri Barbé and Paul Marion) who had moved towards nationalism in opposition to the Popular Front. The PPF centered initially around the town of Saint-Denis, where it was founded and of which Doriot was mayor (as a Communist) from 1930 to 1934, and drew its support from the large working class population in the area. Although not avowedly nationalistic at this point, the PPF adopted many aspects of social nationalist politics, imagery and ideology, and quickly became popular among other nationalists, attracting to its ranks former members of such groups as Action Française, Jeunesses Patriotes, Croix ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Doriot
Jacques Doriot (; 26 September 1898 – 22 February 1945) was a French politician, initially communist, later fascist, before and during World War II. In 1936, after his exclusion from the French Communist Party, he founded the French Popular Party (PPF) and took over the newspaper ''La Liberté (French newspaper), La Liberté'', which took a stand against the Popular front, Popular Front. During the war, Doriot was a radical supporter of Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, collaboration and contributed to the creation of the Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism, Legion of French Volunteers against Bolshevism (LVF). He fought personally in German uniform on the Eastern Front, with the rank of lieutenant. Early life and politics Doriot moved to Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Saint Denis, near Paris, at an early age and became a labourer. In 1916, in the midst of World War I, he became a committed Socialism, socialist, but his political activity was halte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Léon Blum
André Léon Blum (; 9 April 1872 – 30 March 1950) was a French socialist politician and three-time Prime Minister of France. As a Jew, he was heavily influenced by the Dreyfus affair of the late 19th century. He was a disciple of socialist leader Jean Jaurès. After Jaurès' assassination in 1914, he became his successor. Despite Blum's relatively short tenures, his time in office was very influential. As Prime Minister in the left-wing Popular Front government in 1936–1937, he provided a series of major economic and social reforms. Blum declared neutrality in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) to avoid the civil conflict spilling over into France itself. Once out of office in 1938, he denounced the appeasement of Germany. When Germany defeated France in 1940, Blum became a staunch opponent of Vichy France. Tried (but never judged) by the Vichy government on charges of treason, he was imprisoned in the Buchenwald concentration camp. After the war, he resumed a transi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Popular Front (France)
The Popular Front (, ) was an alliance of left-wing movements in France, including the French Communist Party (PCF), the socialist SFIO and the Radical-Socialist Republican Party, during the interwar period. Three months after the victory of the Spanish Popular Front, the Popular Front won the May 1936 legislative election, leading to the formation of a government first headed by SFIO leader Léon Blum and composed of republican and SFIO ministers. Blum's government implemented various social reforms. The workers' movement welcomed this electoral victory by launching a general strike in May–June 1936, resulting in the negotiation of the Matignon Agreements, one of the cornerstones of social rights in France. All employees were assured a two-week paid vacation, and the rights of unions were strengthened. The socialist movement's euphoria was apparent in SFIO member Marceau Pivert's "''Tout est possible!''" (Everything is possible). However, the economy continued to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palais Bourbon
The Palais Bourbon () is the meeting place of the National Assembly, the lower legislative chamber of the French Parliament. It is in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, on the Rive Gauche of the Seine across from the Place de la Concorde. The official address is on the Rue de l'Université, facing the Place du Palais-Bourbon. The original palace was built beginning in 1722 for Louise Françoise de Bourbon, Duchess of Bourbon, the legitimised daughter of Louis XIV and the Marquise de Montespan. Four successive architects – Lorenzo Giardini, Pierre Cailleteau, Jean Aubert and Ange-Jacques Gabriel – completed the palace in 1728. It was then confiscated from Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé during the French Revolution and nationalised. From 1795 to 1799, during the Directory, it was the meeting place of the Council of Five Hundred, which chose the government leaders. Beginning in 1806, during Napoleon Bonaparte's First French Empire, Bernard Poyet's Neoclassical façade wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeunesse Patriotes
The ''Jeunesses Patriotes'' ("Young Patriots", JP) were a far-right league of France, recruited mostly from university students and financed by industrialists founded in 1924 by Pierre Taittinger. Taittinger took inspiration for the group's creation in the Boulangist ''Ligue des Patriotes'' and Benito Mussolini's Blackshirts. According to the police, the ''Jeunesses Patriotes'' had 90,000 members in the country and 6,000 in Paris in 1932. Its street fighters were led by a retired general named Desofy, and were organized around ''Groupes Mobiles'', paramilitary mobile squads of fifty men, outfitted in blue raincoats and berets. The group stated its willingness to combat the "''Red Peril"'' and the '' Cartel des Gauches'' (Left-wing Coalition), and chose to back Raymond Poincaré who came to power after the Cartel des gauches. The organization retreated in 1926, but made a comeback in 1932, with the ''Cartel des Gauches''s electoral victory, and took part in the 6 February 1934 r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Far-right League
The far-right leagues () were several French far-right movements opposed to parliamentarism, which mainly dedicated themselves to military parades, street brawls, demonstrations and riots. The term ''ligue'' was often used in the 1930s to distinguish these political movements from parliamentary parties. After having appeared first at the end of the 19th century, during the Dreyfus affair, they became common in the 1920s and 1930s, and famously participated in the 6 February 1934 crisis and riots which overthrew the second '' Cartel des gauches'', i.e. the center-left coalition government led by Édouard Daladier. For a long time, the French left wing had been convinced that these riots had been an attempted ''coup d'état'' against the French Republic. Although contemporary historians have shown that, despite the riots and the ensuing collapse of the governing left wing, there had been no organized plans to overthrow Daladier's Radical-Socialist government, this widespread be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Taittinger
Pierre-Charles Taittinger (4 October 1887 – 22 January 1965) was the founder of the Taittinger champagne house and chairman of the municipal council of Paris in 1943–1944 during the German occupation of France, in which position he played a role during the Liberation of Paris. Personal life Born in Paris, Pierre Taittinger's family were originally from Lorraine and had left the Moselle ''département'' when it had been annexed by the German Empire in 1871 in order to remain French citizens. An officer in the cavalry during the First World War, Taittinger received several citations and was decorated as a Commander of the National Order of the Legion of Honour. In 1919 he was elected deputy of the Charente-Inférieure département. Taittinger married Gabrielle Guillet (1893–1924) in 1917. In 1925 he married Anne-Marie Mailly (1887–1986). He died in Paris in 1965 and was buried in Reims at the ''cimetière du Nord'' with his third son François (1921–1960) who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
