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Society For The National Heritage Of Iran
The Society for the National Heritage of Iran (SNH; ) was a grassroots political and archeological group created by a group of educated, and nationalistic Iranians in 1922, toward the end of the Qajar governance in Iran. The society was composed of influential Iranian figures of the time with the overall goal of preservation of Iranian artifacts, archeological sites, and protection of the Iranian culture. Iran in 1922 was influenced by internal and external forces, and the SNH reflects this tug of war between what was the external forces mainly from Europe, and internal/social factors. Background Early 1900s were time of discovery and archeological exploration in Iran. It was also time of social and political change. The Persian Constitutional Revolution of 1906 had rocked the perception of the absolute control of the king in society. It created an Iranian Parliament and had reduced the monarch's power. The Constitutional Revolution was in some ways the first political expressi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naser Al-Din Shah Qajar
Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (; ; 17 July 1831 – 1 May 1896) was the fourth Shah of Qajar Iran from 5 September 1848 to 1 May 1896 when he was assassinated. During his rule there was internal pressure from the people of Iran, as well as external pressure from the British empire and the Russian empire. He granted many concessions, most importantly the Reuter concession and the Tobacco concession. He allowed the establishment of newspapers in the country and made use of modern forms of technology such as telegraph, photography and also planned concessions for railways and irrigation works. Despite his modernizing reforms on education, his tax reforms were abused by people in power, and the government was viewed as corrupt and unable to protect commoners from abuse by the upper classes which led to increasing anti-governmental sentiments. He was assassinated when visiting a shrine in Rayy near Tehran. He was the first modern Iranian monarch who formally visited Europe and wrote of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tus, Iran
Tus () was an ancient city in Khorasan near the modern city of Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. To the ancient Greeks, it was known as Susia (). It was also known as Tusa. The area now known as Tus was divided into four cities, Tabran, Radakan, Noan and Teroid, which in combination formed largest city in the region in the fifth century. History According to legend Tous son of Nowzar founded the city of Tous in the province of Khorassan next to today's city of Mashhad. It is said that the city of Tous was the capital of Parthia and the residence of King Vishtaspa, who was the first convert to Zoroastianism. It was captured by Alexander the Great in 330 BCE, and became a key waypoint on the Silk Road. Tus was taken by the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik and remained under Umayyad control until 747, when a subordinate of Abu Muslim Khorasani defeated the Umayyad governor during the Abbasid Revolution. In 809, the Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid fell ill and died ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keikhosrow Shahrokh
Keikhosrow Shahrokh () (1864 in Kerman, Sublime State of Persia – 1939) was the mastermind and designer of the mausoleum for Persian poet Ferdowsi at his burial site in the city of Tus. He is often credited with sparking the Persian nationalist movement which took place under the Pahlavi dynasty. Shahrokh helped reinstate Aryan pride in Iran through excavations of ancient relics near the Iranian city of Kerman. During his tenure in Iran's Revival Party he bolstered Iranian nationalism with numerous speeches and rallies across Shiraz, Kerman, and Tehran. As elected representative of the Zoroastrian community, he was an active member of the Iranian parliament. He is best known for his role in the 1925 transition of the official calendar from the Islamic calendar of Hejri Ghamarei to the Iranian civil calendar, also known as ''Hejri shamsi''. Shahrokh often credited his pride of Persian descent to his hometown of Kerman which avoided miscegenation over thousands of years d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdolhossein Teymourtash
Abdolhossein Teymourtash (; 25 September 1883 – 3 October 1933) was an influential Iranian statesman who served as the first minister of court of the Pahlavi dynasty from 1925 to 1932, and is credited with playing a crucial role in laying the foundations of modern Iran in the 20th century. Given his significant role in the transition of power from the Qajar to Pahlavi dynasties, he is identified closely with the Pahlavis for whom he served as the first minister of court from 1925 to 1933. Nonetheless, Teymourtash's rise to prominence on the Iranian political scene predated the rise of Reza Shah to the throne in 1925, and his elevation to the second most powerful political position in the early Pahlavi era was preceded by a number of significant political appointments. Apart from having been elected to serve as a member of Parliament to the 2nd (1909–1911); 3rd (1914–1915); 4th (1921–1923); 5th (1924–1926); and 6th (1926–1928) Majles of Iran, Teymourtash served in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdowsi Millenary Celebration
The Ferdowsi millennial celebration () was a series of celebrations and scholarly events in the year 1934 to commemorate the thousandth anniversary of Ferdowsi's birth. The Ferdowsi millennial was held at the initiative of Reza Shah Pahlavi and was announced at the beginning of the year by the government of Iran. The Millennial Congress convened for five days, from 2 to 6 October 1934, in Tehran, and more than eighty notable European and Iranian scholars attended the congress. The celebrations lasted for nearly a month. Various official ceremonies were held simultaneously in a number of European countries including France, Britain, Germany, and the Soviet Union, in universities, clubs, and embassies. Also, a number of other countries, including the United States, Egypt and Iraq, held festivities. Participants in the Millennial Congress The gathering in Tehran and Mashhad of about a hundred distinguished scholars as well as many dignitaries of various nationalities was a m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achaemenid Architecture
Achaemenid architecture includes all architectural achievements of the Achaemenid Empire, Achaemenid Persians manifesting in construction of spectacular cities used for governance and inhabitation (Persepolis, Susa, Ecbatana), temples made for worship and social gatherings (such as Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrian temples), and mausoleums erected in honor of fallen kings (such as the burial tomb of Cyrus the Great). Achaemenid architecture was influenced by Architecture of Mesopotamia, Mesopotamian, Assyrian, Ancient Egyptian architecture, Egyptian, Elamite, Lydian, Ancient Greek architecture, Greek and Medes, Median architecture.Boardman J. ''Persia and the West: An Archaeological Investigation of the Genesis of Achaemenid Art''. Thames & Hudson. 2000. p. 102-122.André-Salvini B. ''Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia''. University of California Press. 2005. p. 54.Talebian M. H. ''Persia and Greece: The role of cultural interactions in the architecture of Persepolis-Pasarga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomb Of Ferdowsi
The Tomb of Ferdowsi (, ''Ârâmgâh-e Ferdowsi'') is a tomb complex composed of a white marble base, and a decorative edifice erected in honor of the Persian language, Persian poet Ferdowsi located in Tus, Iran, in Razavi Khorasan province. It was built in the early 1930s, and uses mainly elements of Achaemenid architecture to demonstrate Iran's rich culture and history. The construction of the mausoleum as well as its aesthetic design is a reflection of the cultural, and geo-political status of Iran at the time. Background Ferdowsi, the influential Persian language, Persian poet and author of the Persian epic, Shahnameh died in 1020AD in the Tus, Iran (Persia), in the same city in which he was born. For all his literary contribution, Ferdowsi was not recognized during his life. It was only after his death that his poems won him admiration. For hundreds of years, his resting place was nothing more than a minor dome-shrine erected by a Ghaznavid ruler of Greater Khorasan, Khorasa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassan Pirnia
Hassan Pirnia ( ; 1871 – 20 November 1935), titled Moshir-od-Dowleh, was a prominent Iranian politician of 20th-century Iran. He held a total of twenty-four posts during his political career, serving four times as Prime Minister of Iran. He was also a historian, co-founding the Society for the National Heritage of Iran. Personal life Hassan was the eldest son of Mirza Nasrullah Khan, a Prime Minister during the Qajar era. Hassan also had a younger brother named Hossein, who served as speaker of the Parliament of Iran. Career Hassan became Iran's Minister to the Russian Court before returning to Iran, where he founded the Tehran School of Political Science in 1899. Upon his father's death, he assumed the title of Moshir al Dowleh, playing an important role in drafting the Persian Constitution of 1906. Hassan was given an Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George by the British crown in 1907. From 1907 to 1908, Pirn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ebrahim Hakimi
Ebrahim Hakimi (; 1869 – 19 October 1959) was an Iranian statesman who served as Prime Minister of Iran on three occasions. Early life and education Born in Tabriz in 1869, Ḥakimi was part of "an old and prominent family of court physicians", who traced their status as far back as the 17th century, "starting with the eponym of the family, Moḥammad-Dāvud Khan Ḥakim" who served at the courts of the Safavid shahs Safi (1629-1642) and Abbas II (1642-1666). This ancestor of Ebrahim was also the founder of the Hakim Mosque in Isfahan. After finishing elementary and high school in Tabriz, Hakimi attended Dar ol-Fonoon in Tehran and finished advanced studies in medicine in Paris. Career Hakimi served as royal physician to Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar. He then became a member of the Parliament, and served as cabinet minister 17 times, as prime minister for three terms, and as speaker of the Senate of Iran. His second tenure as prime minister was short-lived (three months) as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Ali Foroughi
Mohammad Ali Foroughi (; early August 1877 – 26 or 27 November 1942), also known as Zoka-ol-Molk ( Persian: ذُکاءُالمُلک), was an Iranian politician, writer, freemason, Azali, and diplomat who served as the Prime Minister of Iran for three terms. He wrote numerous books on ancient Iranian history and is known for founding the Academy of Iran. Early life and education Foroughi was born in Tehran to a merchant family from Isfahan. His ancestor, Mirza Abutorab, was the representative of Isfahan in Mugan plain at Nader Shah's coronation. His grandfather, Mohammad Mehdi Arbab Isfahani, was amongst the most influential merchants of Isfahan and was skilled in history and geography. His father Mohammad Hosein Foroughi was the translator of the Shah to Arabic and French. He was also a poet and published a newspaper called Tarbiat. Naser al-Din Shah Qajar nicknamed Mohammad Hosein, Foroughi, after hearing a poem that he had written.Bagher Agheli, A biography of poli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zia'eddin Tabatabaee
Seyyed Zia al-Din Tabataba'i Yazdi (; June 1889 – 29 August 1969) was an Iranian journalist and Persian Constitutional Revolution, pro-Constitution politician who, with the help of Reza Shah, spearheaded the 1921 Persian coup d'état and aimed to reform Qajar Iran, Qajar rule, which was in domestic turmoil and under foreign intervention. He subsequently became the 13th List of prime ministers of Iran, Prime Minister of Persia (Iran). Early life Zia was born in the city of Shiraz, Iran, Shiraz in June 1889. He was one of four children. His father took the family to Tabriz, Iran, Tabriz when Zia was two years old. He spent most of his early years in Tabriz, where his father, :fa:سید علی یزدی, Seyyed Ali Tabataba'i Yazdi was an influential cleric. When Zia was twelve he went to Tehran, and at fifteen, he moved back to Shiraz in the company of his grandmother, who was said to be a woman of unusual erudition and independence. By the age of sixteen he started his first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
