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Slopping Out
Slopping out is the manual emptying of human waste when prison cells are unlocked in the morning. Inmates without a flush toilet in the cell have to use other means (formerly a chamber pot, then a bucket, now often a chemical toilet) while locked in during the night. The reason that some cells do not have toilets is that they date from the Victorian era and were therefore not designed with plumbing. As a result, there is no space in which to put a toilet, together with the expense and difficulty of installing the necessary pipes. Dirty protest During the late 1970s, Provisional IRA volunteers protested against conditions of internment at HM Prison Maze by refusing to slop out and instead smearing their faeces on the cell walls. This was later referred to as the dirty protest, part of several acts of disobedience within the "H-Blocks" culminating in the 1981 Irish Hunger Strike. Phasing out Slopping out was allegedly abolished in England and Wales by 1996, although ''Private Eye'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Waste
Human waste (or human excreta) refers to the waste products of the human digestive system, Menstruation, menses, and human metabolism including urine and Human feces, feces. As part of a sanitation system that is in place, human waste is collected, transported, treated and disposed of or reused by one method or another, depending on the type of toilets, toilet being used, ability by the users to pay for services and other factors. Fecal sludge management is used to deal with fecal matter collected in on-site sanitation systems such as Pit latrine, pit latrines and septic tanks. The sanitation systems in place differ vastly around the world, with many people in Developing country, developing countries having to resort to open defecation where human waste is deposited in the environment, for lack of other options. Improvements in "Water supply, water, sanitation and hygiene" (WASH) around the world is a key public health issue within international development and is the focus of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Herald (Glasgow)
''The Herald'' is a Scottish broadsheet newspaper founded in 1783. ''The Herald'' is the longest running national newspaper in the world and is the eighth oldest daily paper in the world. The title was simplified from ''The Glasgow Herald'' in 1992. Following the closure of the '' Sunday Herald'', the ''Herald on Sunday'' was launched as a Sunday edition on 9 September 2018. History Founding The newspaper was founded by an Edinburgh-born printer called John Mennons in January 1783 as a weekly publication called the ''Glasgow Advertiser''. Mennons' first edition had a global scoop: news of the treaties of Versailles reached Mennons via the Lord Provost of Glasgow just as he was putting the paper together. War had ended with the American colonies, he revealed. ''The Herald'', therefore, is as old as the United States of America, give or take an hour or two. The story was, however, only carried on the back page. Mennons, using the larger of two fonts available to him, put it in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toilets
A toilet is a piece of sanitary hardware that collects human waste (urine and Human feces, feces) and sometimes toilet paper, usually for disposal. Flush toilets use water, while dry toilet, dry or non-flush toilets do not. They can be designed for a sitting position popular in Europe and North America with a toilet seat, with Accessible toilet, additional considerations for those with disabilities, or for a squatting posture more popular in Asia, known as a squat toilet. In urban areas, flush toilets are usually connected to a sewer system; in isolated areas, to a septic tank. The waste is known as ''Blackwater (waste), blackwater'' and the combined effluent, including other sources, is sewage. Dry toilets are Pit latrine, connected to a pit, Container-based sanitation, removable container, Composting toilet, composting chamber, or other storage and treatment device, including urine diversion with a Urine-diverting dry toilet, urine-diverting toilet. "Toilet (room), Toilet" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bucket Toilet
A bucket toilet is a basic form of a dry toilet whereby a bucket (pail) is used to collect Human waste, excreta. Usually, feces and urine are collected together in the same bucket, leading to odor issues. The bucket may be situated inside a dwelling, or in a nearby small structure (an outhouse). Where people do not have access to improved sanitation – particularly in Slum, low-income urban areas of developing countries – an unimproved bucket toilet may be better than open defecation. They can play a temporary role in emergency sanitation, e.g. after earthquakes. However, the unimproved bucket toilet may carry significant health risks compared to an improved sanitation system. The bucket toilet system, with collection organised by the municipality, used to be widespread in Developed countries, wealthy countries; in Australia it persisted into the second half of the 20th century. Once the basic bucket toilet has been "improved", it evolves into a number of different systems, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manual Scavenging
Manual scavenging is a term used mainly in India for "manually cleaning, carrying, disposing of, or otherwise handling, human excreta in an insanitary latrine or in an open drain or sewer or in a septic tank or a pit". Manual scavengers usually use hand tools such as buckets, brooms and shovels. The workers have to move the excreta, using brooms and tin plates, into baskets, which they carry to disposal locations sometimes several kilometers away. The practice of employing human labour for cleaning of sewers and septic tanks is also prevalent in Bangladesh and Pakistan. These sanitation workers, called "manual scavengers", rarely have any personal protective equipment. The work is regarded as a dehumanizing practice. The occupation of sanitation work is intrinsically linked with caste in India. All kinds of cleaning are considered lowly and are assigned to people from the lowest rung of the social hierarchy. In the caste-based society, it is mainly the Dalits who work as sanitati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trusty System (prison)
The "trusty system" (sometimes incorrectly called "trustee system") was a penitentiary system of discipline and security enforced in parts of the United States until the 1980s, in which designated inmates were given various privileges, abilities, and responsibilities not available to all inmates. It was made compulsory under Mississippi state law but was used in other states as well, such as Arkansas, Alabama, Louisiana, New York and Texas. The method of controlling and working inmates at Mississippi State Penitentiary at Parchman was designed in 1901 to replace convict leasing. The case '' Gates v. Collier'' ended the flagrant abuse of inmates under the trusty system and other prison abuses that had continued essentially unchanged since the building of the Mississippi State Penitentiary. Other states using the trusty system were also forced to give it up under the ruling.Taylor, p. 1 History Prisons had trusties as far back as the 1800s. Parchman Farm The prison had app ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limerick Prison
Limerick Prison in Limerick is an Irish penal institution. It is a closed, medium security prison, and has an official capacity of 290 male beds and 20 female beds. The average daily number of male inmates in 2009 was 298 and of female inmates 22. History Although built between 1815 and 1821 much of this facility has undergone extensive renovation of late. Many but not all of the old wings have been knocked down and replaced with new units provided with modern sanitation Sanitation refers to public health conditions related to clean drinking water and treatment and disposal of human excreta and sewage. Preventing human contact with feces is part of sanitation, as is hand washing with soap. Sanitation systems ... facilities. The original female section of the prison is generally not used except in cases of severe overcrowding, as a new modern female unit has been constructed. In 2012, the Inspector of Prisons described parts of Limerick Prison as dirty, unhygienic, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cork Prison
Cork Prison () is an Irish penal institution on Rathmore Road, Cork City, Ireland. It is a closed, medium security prison for males over 17 years of age. As of 2022, it had a bed capacity of 296 and the daily average number of resident inmates was 262. It is immediately adjacent to Collins Barracks and near the Glen area of the city. While the current prison facility was built and opened as a €45m development in 2016, it replaced an existing 19th century prison facility on the same road. History Detention Barracks (1806) In 1806 a military barracks was opened by the British Government on Rathmore Road, Cork City, the new complex included a Detention Barracks for use by the military. In 1916, during a round-up following the Easter Rising, the RIC went to arrest the nationalist Kent family at their home in Castleyons, County Cork. The family resisted and in an ensuing shoot-out, Richard Kent and Constable William Rowe were killed. The following week Thomas Kent was convic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Irish Times
''The Irish Times'' is an Irish daily broadsheet newspaper and online digital publication. It was launched on 29 March 1859. The editor is Ruadhán Mac Cormaic. It is published every day except Sundays. ''The Irish Times'' is Ireland's leading newspaper. It is considered a newspaper of record for Ireland. Though formed as a Protestant Irish nationalist paper, within two decades and under new owners, it became a supporter of unionism in Ireland. In the 21st century, it presents itself politically as "liberal and progressive", as well as being centre-right on economic issues. The editorship of the newspaper from 1859 until 1986 was controlled by the Anglo-Irish Protestant minority, only gaining its first nominal Irish Catholic editor 127 years into its existence. The paper's notable columnists have included writer and arts commentator Fintan O'Toole and satirist Miriam Lord. The late Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald was once a columnist. Michael O'Regan was the Leinster Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mountjoy Prison
Mountjoy Prison (), founded as Mountjoy Gaol and nicknamed The Joy, is a medium security men's prison located in Phibsborough in the centre of Dublin, Ireland. The current prison Governor is Ray Murtagh. History Mountjoy was designed by Captain Joshua Jebb of the Royal Engineers and opened in 1850. It was based on the design of London's Pentonville Prison also designed by Jebb. Originally intended as the first stop for men sentenced to transportation, they would spend a period in separate confinement before being transferred to Spike Island and transported from there to Van Diemen's Land. A total of 46 prisoners (including one woman, Annie Walsh) were executed within the walls of the prison, prior to the abolition of capital punishment. Executions were carried out by hanging and firing squads, after which the bodies of the dead were taken down from the gallows and buried within the prison grounds in unmarked graves. The list of Irish republican prisoners executed at Moun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary White (Green Party Politician)
Mary White (born 24 November 1948) is an Irish former Green Party politician who served as a Minister of State from 2010 to 2011 and Deputy leader of the Green Party from 2001 to 2011. She served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Carlow–Kilkenny constituency from 2007 to 2011. Early and personal life White was born in Bray, County Wicklow, educated at the Ursuline Convent, Waterford and Trinity College Dublin. At Trinity, she was a founding member of the English Society and received a ''Pink'' (award) for sporting excellence. She is married to Robert White and has one daughter. They have lived in Borris, County Carlow since 1987. She has co-edited a book on walking in the Blackstairs Mountains with Joss Lynam and authored another, ''Environment, Mining and Politics''. She is also a keen hill-walker, linguist and organic grower. Political career She was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1997 general election and 2002 general election, but was elected to Carlow County Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Green Party (Ireland)
The Green Party (, ) is a Green politics, green List of political parties in the Republic of Ireland, political party that operates in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. It holds a pro-European stance. It was founded as the Ecology Party of Ireland in 1981 by Dublin teacher Christopher Fettes. The party became the Green Alliance in 1983 and adopted its current English language name in 1987 while the Irish name was kept unchanged. The party leader is Roderic O'Gorman, the deputy leader is Senator Róisín Garvey and the cathaoirleach (chairperson) is Janet Horner. Green Party candidates have been elected to most levels of representation: Local government in the Republic of Ireland, local government (in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland), Dáil Éireann, the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the European Parliament. The Green Party first entered the Dáil in 1989. It has participated in the Government of Ireland, Irish government twice, from 2007 to 2011 as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
