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Shaqshaqiya Sermon
The Shaqshiqiyya Sermon () is a controversial text in , the best-known collection of sermons, letters, and sayings attributed to Ali ibn Abi Talib, who was the fourth Rashidun caliph (), the first Shia imam, and the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The sermon is highly critical of the predecessors of Ali, namely, Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman, accusing them of usurping the right of Ali to the caliphate. The sermon also appears in some sources that predate , and a number of Shia authorities have furnished it with multiple chains of transmission, while other Shia scholars accept its authenticity without labeling it as , which is the highest level of credibility in the hadith terminology. Background Saqifa Immediately after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 632 CE, a group of the Ansar (Medinan Muslims) met at the Saqifa and elected as his successor Abu Bakr, who was a senior companion of the prophet and his father-in-law. The accession of Abu B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Nahj Al-balagha
() is the best-known collection of sermons, letters, and sayings attributed to Ali, Ali ibn Abi Talib (), the fourth Rashidun Caliphate, Rashidun caliph (), the first Imamate in Shia doctrine, Shia imam, and the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad. The compilation of the book is often credited to al-Sharif al-Radi, Sharif al-Radi (), a prominent Shia Islam, Shia scholar. Known for its moral aphorisms and eloquent content, is widely studied in the Islamic world and has considerably influenced the Arabic literature and rhetoric. In view of its sometimes sensitive content, the authenticity of the book has long been a subject of polemic debates, though recent academic research suggests that most of its contents can indeed be attributed to Ali by tracking the texts in sources that predate al-Radi. Overview is an eleventh-century collection of more than two-hundred sermons, nearly eighty letters, and almost five-hundred sayings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mecca
Mecca, officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia; it is the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley above sea level. Its metropolitan population in 2022 was 2.4million, making it the List of cities in Saudi Arabia by population, third-most populated city in Saudi Arabia after Riyadh and Jeddah. Around 44.5% of the population are Saudis, Saudi citizens and around 55.5% are Muslim world, Muslim foreigners from other countries. Pilgrims more than triple the population number every year during the Pilgrimage#Islam, pilgrimage, observed in the twelfth Islamic calendar, Hijri month of . With over 10.8 million international visitors in 2023, Mecca was one of the ten List of cities by international visitors, most visited cities in the world. Mecca is generally considered "the fountainhead and cradle of Islam". Mecca is revered in Islam as the birthp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Reza Shah-Kazemi
Reza Shah-Kazemi (born 1 June 1960) is an author who specializes in comparative mysticism, Islamic Studies, Sufism and Shi'ism. He is the founding editor of the ''Islamic World Report'' and currently a research associate at the Institute of Ismaili Studies with the Department of Academic Research and Publications. He received degrees in International Relations and Politics at Sussex and Exeter University, before receiving his doctorate in Comparative Religion from the University of Kent in 1994. He later acted as a consultant to the Institute for Policy Research in Kuala Lumpur.' He has served as managing editor of the Encyclopaedia Islamica, the English translation and edition of the Persian Great Islamic Encyclopedia (دائرةالمعارف بزرگ اسلامی / Da'irat al-Ma'arif-i Buzurg-i Islami). He was also one of the 138 signatories of the Open Letter titled "A Common Word Between Us and You," addressed to "Leaders of Christian Churches everywhere" on October 13, 200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Al-Bahrani
Kamal al-Din Maytham ibn Ali (; 1238–1299), commonly known by the al-Bahrani (), was a leading thirteenth-century Twelver Shia theologian, author and philosopher. Al Bahrani wrote on Twelver doctrine, affirmed free will, the infallibility of prophets and imams, the appointed imamate of `Ali, and the occultation of the Twelfth Imam. Along with Kamal al-Din Ibn Sa’adah al Bahrani, Jamal al-Din ‘Ali ibn Sulayman al-Bahrani, Maytham Al Bahrani was part of a thirteenth-century Bahrain school of theology that emphasised rationalism. At the same time, Maytham Al Bahrani was profoundly influenced by the disciplines of philosophy and mysticism. He wrote widely on theology related philosophical issues such as epistemology and ontology. Al Bahrani's scholarship was influenced by both Imami and Sunni sources; according to University of Bahrain academic, Ali Al Oraibi: In the thirteenth century, Twelvers – particularly mystics – were a growing influence in Bahrain, which had pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Abdul Hosein Amini
Sheikh Abdul Hossein Amini () was a Shia scholarly method, scholar, Hadith studies, traditionist, theologian and jurist. He is best known for his book Al-Ghadir, Al-Ḡadīr fi’l-Ketāb wa’l-Sonna wa’l-Adab . Birth He was born in the city of Sarab, East Azerbaijan, Sarab near the Ardabil. His father Mirza Ahmad Amini, and his grandfather Najaf Ali were jurists of the city. Education His teachers included Abu al-Hasan Isfahani, Abul Hasan Esfahani, Muhammad Hosein NĀʾĪNĪ, Muhammad Hosein Na'ini, and Sheykh Muhammad Hossein Qaravi Esfahani, Muhammad Hossein Esfahani.Sayyed Kabari, Allameh Amini the diver of Al Qadir, Culture of Kawsar, 1376 solar, number 2 Works Abdul Hussain established a library in Najaf and named it “Amir al-Mo’menin”. He wrote many books and treatises, most of which have been published. He wrote books about Shia Islam, Shiʿite beliefs, Hadith and jurisprudence. Some of his books are: * Al-Ghadir, Al-Ḡadīr fi’l-Ketāb wa’l-Sonna wa’l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Al-Sharif Al-Radi
Abū al-Ḥasan Muḥammad bin al-Ḥusayn bin Mūsā al-Abrash al-Mūsawī (; 970 – 1015), also known as al-Sharīf al-Raḍī () was an Iraqi Shia scholar and poet. Al-Radi wrote several books on Islamic issues and interpretation of the Quran. His most well-known book is '' Nahj al-Balagha''. His elder brother al-Sharif al-Murtada was also a theologian and poet. His work is still published in the universities of Cairo and Beirut, and is part of the course of Arabic literature. Pedigree Al-Radi's father, Abu Ahmad al-Husayn ibn Musa, was a descendant of Ibrahim al-Asghar, the son of the seventh Shia imam, Musa al-Kazim. There are also claims that he is the descendant of Ibrahim al-Mujab, the grandson of al-Kazim. His mother was the granddaughter of Hasan al-Utrush, a descendant of the fourth Shia imam, Ali Zayn al-Abidin. For this reason, he was also known as ''thil hasabayn'' (the possessor of two lineages), since he relates back to the Ahl al-Bayt paternally and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Folio From A Nahj Al-Balagha
The term "folio" () has three interconnected but distinct meanings in the world of books and printing: first, it is a term for a common method of arranging sheets of paper into book form, folding the sheet only once, and a term for a book made in this way; second, it is a general term for a sheet, leaf or page in (especially) manuscripts and old books; and third, it is an approximate term for the size of a book, and for a book of this size. First, a folio (abbreviated fo or 2o) is a book or pamphlet made up of one or more full sheets of paper, on each of which four pages of text are printed, two on each side; each sheet is then folded once to produce two leaves. Each leaf of a folio book thus is one half the size of the original sheet. Ordinarily, additional printed folio sheets would be inserted inside one another to form a group or "gathering" of leaves prior to binding the book. Second, folio is used in terms of page numbering for some books and most manuscripts that are b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ghadir Khumm
The Ghadīr Khumm () was a gathering of Muslims to attend a sermon delivered by the Prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad on 16 March 632 Common Era, CE. The gathering is said to have taken place by the ''ghadir'' () in the ''wadi'' () of Khumm, located near the then settlement of Rabigh, al-Juhfa on the path between Mecca and Medina, where Muhammad halted the large caravan of Muslims who had accompanied him in the Farewell Pilgrimage, his only Hajj ritual. In the sermon, made shortly before his death in June 632, Muhammad made a declaration in favor of Ali ibn Abi Talib, his cousin and son-in-law, by saying: "He whose I am, Ali is his " (). ' () is a polysemous Arabic word, which can mean 'patron', 'master', 'leader', or 'friend', depending on its context. Shia Islam, Shi'a Muslims believe this sermon to be a clear designation of Ali to lead the Muslim community after Muhammad and celebrate the anniversary of the event as Eid al-Ghadir. The Sunni Islam, Su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Siege Of Uthman
Uthman ibn Affan, the third Rashidun caliph, who ruled from 644 to 656, was assassinated at the end of a siege upon his house in 656. This was initially a protest but escalated into a siege following the death of a protester. The protesters-turned-rebels had demanded a new caliph, which Uthman refused. On 17 June 656 (35 AH) protestors set the house on fire, made their way inside, and killed him. The assassination of Uthman had a polarizing effect in the Ummah at the time. Questions were raised not only regarding his character and policies but also the relationship between Muslims and the state, religious beliefs regarding rebellion and governance, and the qualifications of rulership in Islam.Valerie Jon Hoffman, ''The Essentials of Ibadi Islam'', pg. 8. Syracuse, New York, Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2012. Background Following the deaths of Muhammad and the first caliph Abu Bakr () in 632 and 634 respectively, Umar () became the new caliph. Continuing the Early Muslim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mu'awiya I
Mu'awiya I (–April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 661 until his death. He became caliph less than thirty years after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and immediately after the four Rashidun Caliphate, Rashidun ('rightly-guided') caliphs. Unlike his predecessors, who had been close, early companions of Muhammad, Mu'awiya was a relatively late follower of Muhammad. Mu'awiya and his father Abu Sufyan had opposed Muhammad, their distant Qurayshite kinsman and later Mu'awiya's brother-in-law, until Muhammad conquest of Mecca, captured Mecca in 630. Afterward, Mu'awiya became one of Muhammad's katib, scribes. He was appointed by Caliph Abu Bakr () as a deputy commander in the Muslim conquest of the Levant, conquest of Syria. He moved up the ranks through Umar's caliphate () until becoming governor of Bilad al-Sham, Syria during the reign of his Umayyad dynasty#Empowerment by Caliph Uthman, Umayyad kinsman, Caliph Uthman (). He a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Election Of Uthman
The Election of Uthman was the appointment of Uthman ibn Affan as the third caliph by a committee ( ), which was assembled by the dying caliph Umar in 23 AH (643-4 CE). The committee likely consisted of six early Muslims from the Quraysh tribe, including the prophet Muhammad's second cousin and son-in-law Uthman and Muhammad's first cousin and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib. The deciding vote was given to Uthman's brother-in-law Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, who appointed the former as the next caliph after the deliberations stalled. The choice of the wealthy Uthman is often explained as intended to guard the interests of the Quraysh and to follow the practices of the first two caliphs, namely, Abu Bakr and Umar. The committee has been criticized for its bias towards Uthman and for its exclusion of the Ansar. Committee The committee was convened in Medina by the second caliph Umar () after he was stabbed in 23/644 by Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz, a Persian slave. On his deathbed, Umar tasked th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam and the largest religious denomination in the world. It holds that Muhammad did not appoint any Succession to Muhammad, successor and that his closest companion Abu Bakr () rightfully succeeded him as the caliph of the Muslim community, being appointed at the meeting of Saqifa. This contrasts with the Succession of ʿAlī (Shia Islam), Shia view, which holds that Muhammad appointed Ali, Ali ibn Abi Talib () as his successor. Nevertheless, Sunnis revere Ali, along with Abu Bakr, Umar () and Uthman () as 'Rashidun, rightly-guided caliphs'. The term means those who observe the , the practices of Muhammad. The Quran, together with hadith (especially the Six Books) and (scholarly consensus), form the basis of all Fiqh, traditional jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Sharia legal rulings are derived from these basic sources, in conjunction with Istislah, consideration of Maslaha, public welfare and Istihsan, jur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
