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Senate Of Iran
The Senate () was the upper house legislative chamber in the Imperial State of Iran from 1949 to 1979. A bicameral legislature had been established in the 1906 Persian Constitutional Revolution but the Senate was not actually formed until after the 1949 Constituent Assembly election, as an expression of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's desire for better distribution of power. Half of the sixty seats in the senate were directly appointed by the Shah, and the other half were directly elected, fifteen represented Tehran, and the rest were elected from other regions. The Senate was disbanded after the Iranian Revolution in 1979, when the new constitution established a unicameral legislature. , the former Senate building was used by the Assembly of Experts. History Constitution Established as per Chapter 3, Article 45 of the Persian Constitution of 1906, Building The Senate House of Iran was designed by architect Heydar Ghiaï in 1955.Max Gérard, ''Iran Senate House Heydar Ghiaï'', E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Upper House
An upper house is one of two Legislative chamber, chambers of a bicameralism, bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameralism, unicameral. History While the Roman Senate, senate of the ancient roman kingdom 755 BC was the first assembly of aristocrats counseling the king, the first upper house of a bicameral legislature was the medieval House of Lords consisting of the archbishops, bishops, abbots and nobility, which emerged during the reign of King Edward III around 1341 when the Parliament clearly separated into two distinct Debating chamber, chambers, the House of Commons of England, House of Commons, consisting of the shire and borough representatives, and the House of Lords. 1808 Spain adopted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Iranian Rial
The rial (; symbol: ; abbreviation: Rl (singular) and Rls (plural) or IR in Latin; ISO code: IRR) is the official currency of Iran. It is subdivided into 100 dinars, but due to the rial's low purchasing power the dinar is not practically used. While POS terminals are in use in Iran, the country does not participate in any of the major international card networks due to sanctions between it and the United States. Travelers are instead advised to load money onto a local prepaid card account. There is no official symbol for the currency but the Iranian standard ISIRI 820 defined a symbol for use on typewriters (mentioning that it is an invention of the standards committee itself) and the two Iranian standards ISIRI 2900 and ISIRI 3342 define a character code to be used for it. The Unicode Standard has a compatibility character defined . History The rial was first introduced in 1798 as a coin worth 1,250 dinars or one-eighth of a '' toman''. In 1825, the rial ceased to be issue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
1971 Iranian General Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 9 July 1971. The result was a victory for the New Iran Party, which won 230 of the 268 seats in the Majlis and 28 of the 30 elected seats in the Senate. Voter turnout was around 35%.1971 IPU The elections were boycotted by the , which complained that the government held a monopoly over campaign broadcasts on state radio and television, and also claimed that its newspaper had been censored. Its offshoot, Iranians' Party, won a seat by its secretary-general. Following the elections, |
1967 Iranian General Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 4 August 1967.Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) ''Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I'', p68 The result was a victory for the Iran Novin Party, which won 180 of the 219 seats in the Islamic Consultative Assembly, Majlis. Voter turnout was around 35%.1967 IPU Simultaneous elections were also held for a Constitutional Assembly in order for amendments to be made to the Persian Constitution of 1906, constitution to designate a regent, as well as an election for Senate of Iran, Senate. Results Majlis Senate Constitutional Assembly References {{Iranian elections 1967 elections in Asia, Iran 1967 elections in Iran, General Iranian Senate ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
1963 Iranian General Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 17 September 1963. The result was a victory for the New Iran Party, which won 140 of the 200 seats. Voter turnout was 91.7%. It was held a few months after the ' White Revolution referendum' and the subsequent demonstrations in June. Before the elections, opposition figures such as the National Front and the Freedom Movement activists were jailed and no genuine opposition candidates were permitted in the elections. The National Front had requested Prime Minister Asadollah Alam Asadollah Alam (; 24 July 1919 – 14 April 1978) was an Iranian peoples, Iranian politician who was Prime Minister of Iran, prime minister under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza Shah from 1962 to 1964. He was also minister of Royal Court, p ... to hold the elections free, but the request was rebuffed. The elections were " rigged and far from a legitimate process". Results References {{Iranian elections 1963 elections in Asia 1963 elections in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Majlis
(, pl. ') is an Arabic term meaning 'sitting room', used to describe various types of special gatherings among common interest groups of administrative, social or religious nature in countries with linguistic or cultural connections to the Muslim world. can refer to a legislature as well and is used in the name of legislative councils or assemblies in some states.The Majlis Of The Future Today — Leading UAE Interior Designers Set To Reveal Their Visions At Index Dubai City Guide 9 November 2009. The Majlis sofa, rooted in Middle Eastern culture, features low, cushioned seating for social gatherings. Etymology ''Majlis'' is ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution (, ), also known as the 1979 Revolution, or the Islamic Revolution of 1979 (, ) was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions. The ousting of Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran, formally marked the end of List of monarchs of Persia, Iran's historical monarchy. In 1953, the CIA- and MI6-backed 1953 Iranian coup d'état overthrew Iran’s democratically elected Prime Minister, Mohammad Mossadegh, who had nationalized the country's oil industry to reclaim sovereignty from British control. The coup reinstalled Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as an absolute monarch and entrenched Iran as a client state of the U.S. and UK. Over the next 26 years, Pahlavi consolidated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mohammad Sajadi
Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is believed to be the Seal of the Prophets in Islam, and along with the Quran, his teachings and normative examples form the basis for Islamic religious belief. Muhammad was born in Mecca to the aristocratic Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh. He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father, Abdullah, the son of tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, died around the time Muhammad was born. His mother Amina died when he was six, leaving Muhammad an orphan. He was raised under the care of his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, and paternal uncle, Abu Talib. In later years, he would periodically seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer. When ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mohsen Sadr
Mohsen Sadr (; also known by his title: Sadr ol-Ashraf [II]; 1871 – 19 October 1962) was a judge and politician, the prime minister of Iran and the president of the Senate of Iran. During his government, Iran became one of the founding states of the United Nations by signing the Charter of the United Nations.آسيه آل احمد iichs.org (in Persian). Retrieved 9 March 2023 Life and politics He was born in Mahallat in Markazi province, Markazi in 1871 as the son of Seyyed Hossein 'Fakhr ol-Zakerin', a wealthy clergyman, by a daughter of Hajji Molla Akbar Khorassani. He received his title "Sadr ol-Ashraf' after the death of his paternal uncle Seyyed Sadr ed-Din 'Sadr ol-Ashraf', who had been the son-in-law of the very influential courtier Anoushirvan Khan Eyn ol-Molk (a cousin of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar). Moh ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Hassan Taqizadeh
Sayyed Hasan Taqizādeh (; September 27, 1878 in Tabriz, Iran – January 28, 1970 in Tehran, Iran) was an influential Iranian politician and diplomat, of Azerbaijani origin, during the Qajar era under the reign of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, as well as the Pahlavi era under the reign of Reza Shah and Mohammad Reza Shah. Taqizadeh was also a prominent scholar; his studies on Iranian calendars remain reference work up until now. Although in the modern political history Taqizadeh is known as a secular politician, who believed that "outwardly and inwardly, in body and in spirit, Iran must become Europeanized", he came from a traditional Islamic Sayyed-family (descendant of Muhammad). His father, Sayyed Taqi, was a clergyman and when Sayyed Hasan became a mullah, it seemed likely that he would follow in his father's footsteps. From an early age Taqizadeh showed interest in enlightened ideas and the Western concept of constitutionalism. This interest can be traced back to the so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ebrahim Hakimi
Ebrahim Hakimi (; 1869 – 19 October 1959) was an Iranian statesman who served as Prime Minister of Iran on three occasions. Early life and education Born in Tabriz in 1869, Ḥakimi was part of "an old and prominent family of court physicians", who traced their status as far back as the 17th century, "starting with the eponym of the family, Moḥammad-Dāvud Khan Ḥakim" who served at the courts of the Safavid shahs Safi (1629-1642) and Abbas II (1642-1666). This ancestor of Ebrahim was also the founder of the Hakim Mosque in Isfahan. After finishing elementary and high school in Tabriz, Hakimi attended Dar ol-Fonoon in Tehran and finished advanced studies in medicine in Paris. Career Hakimi served as royal physician to Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar. He then became a member of the Parliament, and served as cabinet minister 17 times, as prime minister for three terms, and as speaker of the Senate of Iran. His second tenure as prime minister was short-lived (three months) as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Persian Language
Persian ( ), also known by its endonym and exonym, endonym Farsi (, Fārsī ), is a Western Iranian languages, Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian languages, Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan in three mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible standard language, standard varieties, respectively Iranian Persian (officially known as ''Persian''), Dari, Dari Persian (officially known as ''Dari'' since 1964), and Tajik language, Tajiki Persian (officially known as ''Tajik'' since 1999).Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in ''Media Insight Central Asia #27'', August 2002. It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within Uzbekistan, as well as within other regions with a Persianate society, Persianate history in the cultural sphere o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
