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Scarus Perrico
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest parrotfish genus. The vast majority are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific, but a small number of species are found in the warmer parts of the eastern Pacific and the western Atlantic, with a single species, '' Scarus hoefleri'' in the eastern Atlantic. The genus name ''Scarus'' comes from the Greek word σκάρος (''skáros''), which refers to parrotfishes. Evolution ''Scarus'' is most closely related to its sister genus '' Chlorurus''. Most recent phylogenetic analyses find that the two genera diverged during the late Miocene (Messinian). In both genera, most of their diversification occurred some time later, within the last 3.5 million years during the Pliocene. In contrast, coral reefs in their modern form were established much earlier, during the Miocene. Most ''Scarus'' species occur in reef habitats. How ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene followed the Oligocene and preceded the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by distinct global events but by regionally defined transitions from the warmer Oligocene to the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, Afro-Arabia collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Oceans, and allowing the interchange of fauna between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans and Ape, hominoids into Eurasia. During the late Miocene, the conn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Messinian
The Messinian is in the geologic timescale the last age or uppermost stage of the Miocene. It spans the time between 7.246 ± 0.005 Ma and 5.333 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago). It follows the Tortonian and is followed by the Zanclean, the first age of the Pliocene. The Messinian overlaps the Turolian European Land Mammal Mega Zone (more precisely MN 12 and 13) and the Pontian Central European Paratethys Stage. It also overlaps the late Huayquerian and early Montehermosan South American Land Mammal Ages, and falls inside the more extensive Hemphillian North American Land Mammal Age. During the Messinian, around 6 million years ago, the Messinian salinity crisis took place, which brought about repeated desiccations of the Mediterranean Sea. Definition The Messinian was introduced by Swiss stratigrapher Karl Mayer-Eymar in 1867. Its name comes from the Italian city of Messina on Sicily, where the Messinian evaporite deposit is of the same age. The base of the Messinian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scarus Perrico
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest parrotfish genus. The vast majority are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific, but a small number of species are found in the warmer parts of the eastern Pacific and the western Atlantic, with a single species, '' Scarus hoefleri'' in the eastern Atlantic. The genus name ''Scarus'' comes from the Greek word σκάρος (''skáros''), which refers to parrotfishes. Evolution ''Scarus'' is most closely related to its sister genus '' Chlorurus''. Most recent phylogenetic analyses find that the two genera diverged during the late Miocene (Messinian). In both genera, most of their diversification occurred some time later, within the last 3.5 million years during the Pliocene. In contrast, coral reefs in their modern form were established much earlier, during the Miocene. Most ''Scarus'' species occur in reef habitats. How ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Midnight Parrotfish
The midnight parrotfish (''Scarus coelestinus'') is a species of parrotfish that inhabits coral reefs mainly in the Caribbean, Bahamas, and Florida. The typical size is between 30 and 60 cm, but it can grow to almost 1 m. It has been observed as far north as Maryland and as far south as Brazil. Usually found between 3 and 80 m deep, it swims over reefs and sandy areas, where it feeds on algae by scraping it with its teeth fused into a beak. Description The midnight parrotfish has a deep blue body with light blue patches along its sides and head. The exact location of light blue patches differs between each fish, but all midnight parrotfish have a light blue patch on the underside of the beak. Unlike most other parrotfish species, the midnight parrotfish retains its coloration through its juvenile and adult stages of life. Both male and female midnight parrotfish exhibit this coloration. Parrotfishes gain their name from the hard beak that they use to scrape food from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rainbow Parrotfish
The rainbow parrotfish (''Scarus guacamaia'') is a species of fish in the family Scaridae. Description ''S. guacamaia'' is the second largest species of parrotfish after the humphead parrotfish, and the largest parrotfish in the Atlantic, reaching in length, 20 kg in weight and a maximum age of 16 years. It has a greenish-brown overall colouration; the fins are dull orange with tongues of green. Its dental plates are blue-green. Sexes appear alike. It is most closely related to two other large-bodied parrotfish species, '' S. coelestinus'' and '' S. trispinosus''. Distribution and habitat The rainbow parrotfish has a relatively wide distribution in the western Atlantic, and can be found from Bermuda through South Florida, the Bahamas and the Caribbean to Venezuela. It inhabits coral reefs, mangroves and sea grass beds in shallow waters, at depths of 3–25 m. Ecology ''S. guacamaia'' is primarily a detritivore, feeding on detritus, bacterial colonies and meiofauna but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sexual Dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different Morphology (biology), morphological characteristics, including characteristics not directly involved in reproduction. The condition occurs in most dioecy, dioecious species, which consist of most animals and some plants. Differences may include secondary sex characteristics, size, weight, color, markings, or behavioral or cognitive traits. Male-male reproductive competition has evolved a diverse array of sexually dimorphic traits. Aggressive utility traits such as "battle" teeth and blunt heads reinforced as battering rams are used as weapons in aggressive interactions between rivals. Passive displays such as ornamental feathering or song-calling have also evolved mainly through sexual selection. These differences may be subtle or exaggerated and may be subjected to sexual selection and natural selection. The opposite of dimorphism is ''monomorphism'', when both biological sexes are phenotype, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calcareous
Calcareous () is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime (mineral), lime or being chalky. The term is used in a wide variety of Science, scientific disciplines. In zoology ''Calcareous'' is used as an adjectival term applied to anatomical structures which are made primarily of calcium carbonate, in animals such as gastropods, i.e., snails, specifically in relation to such structures as the operculum (gastropod), operculum, the clausilium, and the love dart. The term also applies to the calcium carbonate Test (biology), tests of, often, more-or-less microscopic Foraminifera. Not all tests are calcareous; diatoms and radiolaria have siliceous tests. The molluscs are calcareous organisms, as are the Calcarea, calcareous sponges (Calcarea), that have spicules which are made of calcium carbonate. Additionally, reef-building corals, or Scleractinia, are calcareous organisms that form their rigid skeletal structure th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scarus Iseri
Scarus iseri is a species of fish of the family Scaridae. Its common names include striped parrotfish. The species was described by Bloch Bloch is a surname of German origin. Notable people with this surname include: A *Adele Bloch-Bauer (1881–1925), Austrian entrepreneur *Albert Bloch (1882–1961), American painter *Alexandre Bloch (1857–1919), French painter *Alfred Bloch ( ... in 1789. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q3751989 iseri Fish described in 1789 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Green Humphead Parrotfish
The green humphead parrotfish (''Bolbometopon muricatum'') is the largest species of parrotfish, growing to lengths of and weighing up to . It is found on reefs in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, from the Red Sea in the west to Samoa in the east, and from the Yaeyama Islands in the north to the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, in the south. Other common names include bumphead parrotfish, humphead parrotfish, double-headed parrotfish, buffalo parrotfish, and giant parrotfish. It is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Bolbometopon''. Fossil remains of ''Bolbometopon'' sp. are known from the Late Miocene of Sri Lanka. Description Unlike wrasses, it has a vertical head profile, and unlike other parrotfishes, it is uniformly covered with scales except for the leading edge of the head, which is often light green to pink. Primary phase colouration is a dull gray with scattered white spots, gradually becoming uniformly dark green. This species does not display sex-associated p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rainbow Parrotfish
The rainbow parrotfish (''Scarus guacamaia'') is a species of fish in the family Scaridae. Description ''S. guacamaia'' is the second largest species of parrotfish after the humphead parrotfish, and the largest parrotfish in the Atlantic, reaching in length, 20 kg in weight and a maximum age of 16 years. It has a greenish-brown overall colouration; the fins are dull orange with tongues of green. Its dental plates are blue-green. Sexes appear alike. It is most closely related to two other large-bodied parrotfish species, '' S. coelestinus'' and '' S. trispinosus''. Distribution and habitat The rainbow parrotfish has a relatively wide distribution in the western Atlantic, and can be found from Bermuda through South Florida, the Bahamas and the Caribbean to Venezuela. It inhabits coral reefs, mangroves and sea grass beds in shallow waters, at depths of 3–25 m. Ecology ''S. guacamaia'' is primarily a detritivore, feeding on detritus, bacterial colonies and meiofauna but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyly
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population), i.e. excludes non-descendants of that common ancestor # the grouping contains all the descendants of that common ancestor, without exception Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic'' grouping meets 1. but not 2., thus consisting of the descendants of a common ancestor, excepting one or more monophyletic subgroups. A ''polyphyletic'' grouping meets neither criterion, and instead serves to characterize convergent relationships of biological features rather than genetic relationships – for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, or aquatic insects. As such, these characteristic features of a polyphyletic grouping are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scarus Zufar
''Scarus zufar'', also known as Dhofar parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish, in the family Scaridae. It is found along the central to southern coastal waters of Oman. S''. zufar'' was first identified in 1995. Description This species of parrot fish is blue-green in colour and grows to be 52 centimetres. Distribution It has been found exclusively in the waters of the central and southern coasts of Oman. Habitat ''Scarus zufar'' is found in rock and Coral reefs. Ecology ''S. zufar'' is described as "fast-growing" and can live up to 9 years. Threats There are no known threats to the ''Scarus zufar''. References Further reading *Randall, John E., and John P. Hoover"Scarus zufar, a new species of parrotfish from southern Oman, with comments on endemism of the area."''Copeia'' (1995): 683-688. *Randall, J.E., 1995. ''Coastal fishes of Oman''. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p. {{Taxonbar, from=Q2953530 zufar The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
