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Scalable Product Architecture Platform
The Scalable Product Architecture (SPA) platform is a global, full-size, unibody automobile platform developed Volvo Cars, and applied by multiple brands of its parent company Geely, which has been produced over three generations. It debuted in 2014 when the second-generation Volvo XC90 was released. Work on the new in-house platform began in 2011 shortly after Volvo was acquired by Geely from Ford Motor Company Ford Motor Company (commonly known as Ford) is an American multinational corporation, multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. T .... During development, particular emphasis was placed on achieving weight-reduction, design commonality, manufacturing rationalization, and hybridization opportunities. The new SPA platform replaced two prior vehicle architectures, the Volvo P2 platform and Volvo P3 platform. With SPA, Volvo claims it "enables significan ...
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Volvo Cars
Volvo Car AB, trading as Volvo Cars (, styled VOLVO in the company's logo) is a Sweden, Swedish multinational manufacturer of luxury vehicles. Volvo is headquartered in Torslanda, Gothenburg. The company manufactures SUVs, station wagons, and sedans. The company's main marketing revolves around automotive safety, safety and its Swedish heritage and design. Volvo Cars has been separate from its former parent conglomerate and producer of heavy trucks, buses, and construction equipment (among others) AB Volvo since 1999 when AB Volvo sold its automobile division Volvo Cars to Ford Motor Company for billion. On 28 March 2010, Ford sold Volvo Cars at a loss to Geely, Geely Holding for $1.8 billion; the deal closed in August 2010. Volvo Cars was publicly listed on the Nasdaq Stockholm stock exchange in 2021, though Geely Holding still retains majority ownership. Volvo Cars and AB Volvo share the Volvo logo, and cooperate in running the Volvo Museum. In March 2021, Volvo Cars announ ...
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Volvo XC60
The Volvo XC60 is a compact luxury crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2008. The XC60 is part of Volvo's 60 Series of automobiles, along with the S60, S60 Cross Country, V60, and V60 Cross Country. The first generation model introduced a new style for the 60 Series models. Along with the rest of the line-up, the first-generation XC60 was refreshed in 2013. Similarly, the second-generation model, released in 2017, is the first in the series. The car was named Car of the Year Japan for 2017–2018. XC60 concept (2007) The XC60 concept was unveiled at the 2007 Detroit Auto Show. It included a glass roof and a newly styled grille. The model introduced Volvo's new styling cues, which were gradually implemented throughout the model range. The XC60 concept also included a new shifting mechanism, electronic bootlid, and 20-inch wheels. File:Volvo-XC60-DC.jpg, Volvo XC60 concept File:Volvo xc60-2007washauto.jpg, Volvo XC60 concept Fir ...
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Ford EUCD Platform
The Ford EUCD platform (for "European Class D") is Ford's global midsize car automobile platform launched in 2006. EUCD was chosen by Ford's European operations instead of the Ford CD3 platform due to the large number of components shared with the smaller C1. Another factor was reportedly the inability of the CD3 to accept Volvo's straight-5 engines. The first EUCD cars were introduced at the 2006 Geneva Motor Show: Volvo's S80 (Volvo P3 platform) and Ford's S-MAX and Galaxy share about half of their total parts; for example, the steering columns on the Galaxy, S-Max and S80 share 80 percent of their parts. The Jaguar Land Rover D8 platform is a heavily modified derivative of the EUCD. Vehicles After separation from Ford, Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) continued to develop the EUCD platform; deriving the heavily modified LR-MS/JLR D8 platforms from it. Variations of the D8 are used for the 2011 Range Rover Evoque, the 2015 Land Rover Discovery Sport and the 2017 Jaguar E-Pace ...
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Volvo EX60
The Volvo Group (; legally Aktiebolaget Volvo, shortened to AB Volvo, stylized as VOLVO) is a Swedish multinational manufacturing corporation headquartered in Gothenburg. While its core activity is the production, distribution and sale of trucks, buses and construction equipment, Volvo also supplies marine and industrial drive systems and financial services. In 2016, it was the world's second-largest manufacturer of heavy-duty trucks with its subsidiary Volvo Trucks. Volvo was founded in 1927. Initially involved in the automobile industry, Volvo expanded into other manufacturing sectors throughout the twentieth century. Automobile manufacturer Volvo Cars, also based in Gothenburg, was part of AB Volvo until 1999, when it was sold to the Ford Motor Company. Since 2010 Volvo Cars has been owned by the automotive company Geely Holding Group. Both AB Volvo and Volvo Cars share the Volvo logo and cooperate in running the Volvo Museum in Gothenburg, Sweden. The corporation was first ...
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Lynk & Co 900
The Lynk & Co 900 (; pronounced "nine zero zero" in English or "jiu ling ling" in Chinese, not "nine hundred") is a plug-in hybrid three-row six-seater full-size luxury crossover SUV marketed by Lynk & Co since 2025. It is the brand's largest vehicle, and is the first production vehicle to use an Nvidia Thor SoC. Overview The Lynk & Co 900 was first unveiled on 3 January 2025 with further details revealed on 12 March 2025, with pre-orders opening later that month on March 25 with deliveries beginning in late April. It has a starting price of 330,000 yuan (45,500 USD). Sales officially began on April 28, 2025. Built on the SPA Evo architecture, an updated version of Volvo's Scalable Product Architecture platform, the vehicle is positioned as a six-seater flagship SUV. It features the "urban opposite aesthetic" design language from the brand. The front design integrates a headlight group and grille in parallel lines, maintaining Lynk & Co's design language. Its lighting system u ...
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Polestar 3
The Polestar 3 is a battery electric mid-size luxury crossover SUV produced by Swedish manufacturer Polestar, an affiliate of Geely Holding and Volvo Cars, since 2024. The Polestar 3 is the first vehicle to use the SPA2 platform, a vehicle platform which is dedicated to battery-electric vehicles. The vehicle is the flagship for the brand, positioned above the 4 compact SUV, and is based on Volvo's similarly sized EX90 crossover. Overview The Polestar 3 was officially revealed on 12 October 2022 and is on the same platform as the upcoming Volvo EX90 flagship SUV, both of which are based on the 2021 Volvo Recharge concept. The vehicle had made its public debut at the April 2023 Shanghai Auto Show. Measuring long, the vehicle belongs to the British E-segment size segmentation. Despite being similarly sized to the EX90 third-row vehicle, the 3 is exclusively a 5-seater. It comes exclusively in all-wheel drive. Trim levels include the 'Long Range' and the 'Performance Pac ...
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Volvo ES90
The Volvo ES90 (internal code V551) is a battery electric vehicle executive car produced by Swedish car manufacturer Volvo from 2025. The ES90 officially revealed on 5 March 2025. Overview The ES90 is based on the SPA2 platform dedicated to Volvo high-end vehicles, such as its SUV derivative EX90 or its cousin Polestar 3, and is the second Volvo product after the EX90, to be based on its Superset tech stack. The ES90 was the first Volvo to feature a dual NVIDIA DRIVE AGX Orin configuration, with the computer’s abilities to perform 508 trillion operations per second (TOPS). It is has 800-volt electric architecture supports fast charging, it can add 300 km of electric range in 10 minutes at 350kW rapid charging stations. The ES90 features adaptive dampening system and a dual-chamber air suspension found in the EX90. Jeremy Offer, head of global design, claims the ES90 "in a class of its own. We’ve adapted the saloon silhouette and added from a functional perspective a hatch ...
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Volvo EX90
The Volvo EX90 is a battery electric full-size luxury crossover SUV produced by Volvo since May 2024. A seven-seater luxury car, it is Volvo's flagship full-size SUV. It was revealed in November 2022 as the first bespoke electric vehicle marketed under the Volvo brand. Overview Prior to its introduction, the design of the EX90 was previewed by the Volvo Concept Recharge in June 2021. Reports previously indicated the production vehicle would be called the Volvo Embla. The EX90 features a drag coefficient of 0.29 to improve efficiency. It is powered by the same battery pack as the Polestar 3, a 111 kWh (107 kWh usable) battery produced by CATL. With 250 kW DC charging, it is capable of charging 10–80 per cent in around 30 minutes. It also supports bi-directional charging. The base model of the EX90 is called the Twin Motor, with a power output of and with a range of around ( WLTP). The higher model is called the Twin Motor Performance, which offers a claimed of ...
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Lynk & Co 09
The Lynk & Co 09 () is a Executive car, mid-size luxury Crossover (automobile), crossover SUV manufactured by Geely-owned Chinese-Swedish automaker Lynk & Co. The model has been developed in conjunction with Volvo Cars and shares the Volvo Scalable Product Architecture platform, Volvo SPA platform of the second generation Volvo XC90, both companies owned by Geely. Overview The Lynk & Co 09 was unveiled on the 19 June 2021 in Shanghai, positioned as a mid-size SUV. The 09 is manufactured in the Meishu plant in Ningbo, China. Interior The interior of the 09 has six LCD screens, including a and control panel screen, a infotainment screen and a panel screen. Customers will get an option to configure the 09 with six or seven seats. The top of the trim configuration of the Lynk & Co 09 is equipped with 12-way power front seats, wireless smartphone charger, AR navigation, active noise reduction system, Nappa leather upholstery, and an aromatherapy system with three modes. The pack ...
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Polestar 1
The Polestar 1 is a 2-door plug-in hybrid sports car marketed by Polestar, a brand of Volvo Cars. It was the first car produced by the company since becoming an independent car manufacturer in June 2017. Based on Volvo Cars, Volvo's Volvo Concept Coupe, Concept Coupé from 2013, the Polestar 1 is built on the Volvo Scalable Product Architecture platform and is powered by a hybrid powertrain, using a front-mounted engine and two electric motors at the rear. A limited production run of 1,500 cars took place over three years, from 2019 to 2022, for the left-hand drive market only. Production took place in Chengdu, China, where the company's first production facility was built. History The Polestar 1 started as Volvo's Volvo Concept Coupe, Concept Coupé from 2013, styled by German car designer Thomas Ingenlath, who previously worked in lead design positions at Audi, Volkswagen and Škoda Auto, Škoda. After the unveiling of the Volvo Concept Coupe, Concept Coupé, Ingenlath said t ...
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Volvo V60
The Volvo V60 is a compact executive station wagon (estate car) produced by Volvo Cars related to the S60 mid-size sedan. The vehicle was first released in autumn 2010, facelifted in 2014, and is in its second generation since 2018. The second generation V60 was launched in 2018 based on the Volvo Scalable Product Architecture platform. Both generations feature a "Cross Country" variant with a slightly increased (60-mm / 2.4-inch) ground clearance and ride height. __TOC__ First generation (2010) V60 File:Volvo V60 – Heckansicht, 12. Juni 2011, Düsseldorf.jpg, Volvo V60 pre-facelift (Germany) File:Volvo V60 Paris 2010.jpg, Volvo V60 R-Design pre-facelift (France) File: Volvo V60 aus Loerrach.jpg, Volvo V60 post facelift (Germany) File:Volvo V60 D4 Summum (Facelift) – Heckansicht, 18. August 2013, Hilden.jpg, Volvo V60 post facelift (Germany) File:Volvo_S60_T4_SE_interior.jpg, Interior V60 Ocean Race In February 2014, Volvo unveiled a special version of the V ...
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Volvo V90
The Volvo V90 is a mid-size luxury wagon manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2016. Two months after the introduction of the sedan model, the Volvo S90, the V90 was revealed at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2016. Models V90 The V90 is offered with various trim levels. In the United States the V90 was only available by special order, with dealers focusing on the V90 Cross Country. In 2021, it was announced that the V90 would no longer be sold in the United States, with 2021 being the final model year. File:Volvo V90 Diesel registered November 2018 1969cc.jpg, Volvo V90 (UK) File:Volvo V90 D4 AWD (2018) (2).jpg, V90 D4 V90 Cross Country Previewed before the 2016 Paris motor show, the V90 Cross Country is a raised height, AWD version of the V90 designed for use on rough terrain, unsealed roads and for light off-road usage. File:Volvo V90 Cross Country IMG 3504.jpg, Volvo V90 Cross Country (front) File:Volvo V90 Cross Country IMG 3500.jpg ...
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